Desafio do acesso aos direitos da previdência social na comunidade indígena Kaingang Foxá

Apesar dos grupos étnicos indígenas serem os primeiros habitantes do Brasil, atualmente, as comunidades possuem muitas dificuldades na garantia de seus direitos. Os Kaingang estão presentes em quatro estados brasileiros, sendo ele o Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná e São Paulo, correspondendo a cerca de 38 mil pessoas aproximadamente. A comunidade em estudo se domina Foxá e está localizada na área urbana do município de Lajeado, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Por se tratar de uma das maiores populações indígenas, o objetivo desta monografia é identificar quais os desafios do acesso aos direitos da Previdência Social na comunidade indígena Kaingang Foxá do município de Lajeado. O presente estudo teve como base a fonte de pesquisas bibliográficas, documentais e a pesquisa de campo, sendo esta realizada na comunidade Foxá. O tipo de pesquisa se refere a uma pesquisa qualitativa, tendo em vista que se trata da investigação de percepções quanto aos direitos da Previdência Social na comunidade Kaingang Foxá, objeto do estudo. Foram realizadas 12 saídas de campo e os interlocutores da pesquisa foram sete indígenas Kaingang e um não indígena, sendo que as informações a respeito das experiências de requerer benefícios no Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social foram registradas em diários de campo. Entende-se que a dificuldade dos indígenas ao acessar os direitos da Previdência Social se dá devido a diversos motivos, tais como a falta de efetividade das leis, ausência de representatividade no parlamento brasileiro, pensamentos equivocados dos não índios e a falta de conscientização dos indígenas acerca de seus direitos. Nesse sentido, é relevante que as autoridades se voltem para os grupos vulneráveis da sociedade a fim de que se garanta o previsto na legislação, sem deixar de compreender e respeitar a cultura indígena

ACESSO AOS BENEFÍCIOS DA PREVIDÊNCIA SOCIAL PELOS INDÍGENAS KAINGANG DA COMUNIDADE URBANA FOXÁ NO MUNICÍPIO DE LAJEADO/RS

Palavras-chave: Indígenas; Kaingang; Previdência Social.Keywords: Indigenous people; Kaingang; Social Securit

Metodologia de trabalho em grupos para ações de alimentação e nutrição: um relato de experiência / Methodology of working in groups for food and nutrition actions: an experience report

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional é um processo mundial decorrente da transição demográfica, que é o resultado da redução dos coeficientes de mortalidade e, posteriormente, de fecundidade, levando ao aumento dos anos vividos (FERREIRA, 2011). Porém, o grande desafio dessa conquista é proporcionar uma melhoria da qualidade de vida, com manutenção da autonomia e independência, aos que já envelheceram ou que estão no processo de envelhecer (MENEZES et al, 2010). Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a experiência vivenciada durante a Implementação de práticas educativas com grupos acerca da alimentação saudável voltada para Idosos. Resultados e Discussão: Cada família e indivíduo tem suas particularidades, sejam elas financeiras, biológicas, sociais e culturais, o que pode interferir na implementação da proposta. É preciso insistência e persistência tendo um olhar diferenciado para cada situação apresentada.Foi evidenciado por cada profissional a satisfação em participar dessa atividade, demonstrando como foi importante para o crescimento profissional e pessoal, pois todos tiveram a oportunidade de modificar suas práticas vigentes, principalmente com relação aos registros de peso e altura e manter um olhar diferencial para o idoso e seus aspectos alimentares. Conclusão: Mesmo diante de tantas dificuldades encontradas para a realização das ações em saúde tendo como foco a alimentação adequada, observou-se que essa prática têm demonstrado resultados significativos e que pode ser tomada como referência para outros municípios, na tentativa de otimizar o cuidado integral em saúde para com a pessoa idosa

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

INTRAUTERINE GROWTH AND THE VITAMIN E STATUS OF FULL-TERM AND PRETERM NEWBORNS

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in umbilical cord serum of full-term and preterm newborns, in order to assess the nutritional status of both groups in relation to the vitamin and its possible correlation with intrauterine growth. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study conducted with 140 newborns, of which 64 were preterm and 76 were full-term. They did not have any malformations, they came from healthy mothers, who were nonsmokers, and delivered a single baby. Intrauterine growth was evaluated by weight-to-gestational age at birth, using Intergrowth-21st. Thealpha-tocopherol levels of umbilical cord serum were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Results: The mean concentration of alpha-tocopherol in umbilical cord serum for preterm and full-term infants was 263.3±129.5 and 247.0±147.6 µg/dL (p=0.494). In the preterm group, 23% were small for gestational age, whereas in the full-term group, this percentage was only 7% (p=0.017). Low levels of vitamin E were found in 95.3% of preterm infants and 92.1% of full-term infants. There was no correlation between alpha-tocopherol levels and weight to gestational age Z score (p=0.951). Conclusions: No association was found between alpha-tocopherol levels and weight to gestational age at birth. Intrauterine growth restriction was more frequent in preterm infants and most infants had low levels of vitamin E at the time of delivery

Resumos em andamento - Odontologia

Resumos em andamento - Odontologi