FORMAS DE INOCULAÇÃO DE AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE TRITICALE

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a influência dos modos de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense no crescimento inicial do triticale. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 4x2. O primeiro fator foi composto por quatro modos de inoculação de A. brasilense (sem inoculação, inoculação na semente, inoculação no sulco de semeadura e inoculação via foliar sendo esta última realizada aos 10 dias após a emergência). O segundo fator foi composto por dois cultivares de triticale (IPR Aimoré e BRS Harmonia). A inoculação de A. brasilense na semente pode reduzir a porcentagem de emergência e o índice de velocidade de emergência do triticale, dependendo do genótipo. Os modos de inoculação de A. brasilense de forma geral não influenciaram o crescimento inicial do triticale. A resposta das plantas a inoculação de A. brasilense é variável, dependendo basicamente do genótipo de triticale

Vivências de mães acompanhantes de crianças hospitalizadas na unidade de clínica pediátrica

OBJETIVO: compreender a vivência de mães acompanhantes de crianças hospitalizadas na Clínica Pediátrica de um hospital público do interior da Bahia. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, exploratório e qualitativo, que respeitou a Resolução 196/96 e foi realizado na unidade de Clínica Pediátrica, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2009 através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com onze mães acompanhantes. RESULTADOS: a doença e a hospitalização são processos que ocorrem de maneira abrupta, levando a família à reorganização de sua dinâmica interna, com vistas ao atendimento das demandas dos demais membros. À medida que a mãe acompanhante vai compreendendo a dinâmica dos trabalhadores da saúde, elas permanecem mais tranquilas, buscando entender a doença, o cuidado e suas responsabilidades. CONCLUSÕES: a mãe acompanhante precisa ser reconhecida como uma constante na vida da criança doente e dentro do seu contexto familiar, para que sejam compreendidas suas ações e reações durante a hospitalização infantil. Descritores: Enfermagem Pediátrica; Enfermagem Familiar; Família; Criança Hospitalizada

FORMAS DE INOCULAÇÃO DE AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE TRITICALE

The present trial was developed with the objective of evaluating the influence of inoculation modes of Azospirillum brasilense on the initial growth of triticale. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates, in 4x2 factorial scheme. The first factor was composed by four inoculation methods of Azospirillum brasilense (without inoculation, inoculation in the seed, inoculation in the sowing furrow and foliar inoculation at 10 days after an emergency). The second factor was composed by two triticale cultivars (IPR Aimoré and BRS Harmonia). The inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense in the seed can reduce the emergency percentage and the index of emergence speed of triticale, depending on the genotype. In general, the inoculation modes of Azospirillum brasilense did not influence the initial growth of triticale. The response of the plants to the inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense is variable, depending essentially on the triticale genotype.O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a influência das formas de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense no crescimento inicial do triticale. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 4x2. O primeiro fator foi composto por quatro formas de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense (sem inoculação, inoculação na semente, inoculação no sulco de semeadura e inoculação via foliar, sendo esta realizada aos 10 dias após a emergência). O segundo fator foi composto por dois cultivares de triticale (IPR Aimoré e BRS Harmonia). A inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense na semente reduziu a porcentagem de emergência e o índice de velocidade de emergência do triticale, dependendo do genótipo. As formas de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense de forma geral não influenciaram o crescimento inicial do triticale. A resposta das plantas à inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense foi variável, dependendo basicamente do genótipo de triticale

Formas de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense no crescimento inicial de triticale

The present trial was developed with the objective of evaluating the influence of inoculation modes of Azospirillum brasilense on the initial growth of triticale. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates, in 4x2 factorial scheme. The first factor was composed by four inoculation methods of Azospirillum brasilense (without inoculation, inoculation in the seed, inoculation in the sowing furrow and foliar inoculation at 10 days after an emergency). The second factor was composed by two triticale cultivars (IPR Aimoré and BRS Harmonia). The inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense in the seed can reduce the emergency percentage and the index of emergence speed of triticale, depending on the genotype. In general, the inoculation modes of Azospirillum brasilense did not influence the initial growth of triticale. The response of the plants to the inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense is variable, depending essentially on the triticale genotype.O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a influência das formas de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense no crescimento inicial do triticale. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 4x2. O primeiro fator foi composto por quatro formas de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense (sem inoculação, inoculação na semente, inoculação no sulco de semeadura e inoculação via foliar, sendo esta realizada aos 10 dias após a emergência). O segundo fator foi composto por dois cultivares de triticale (IPR Aimoré e BRS Harmonia). A inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense na semente reduziu a porcentagem de emergência e o índice de velocidade de emergência do triticale, dependendo do genótipo. As formas de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense de forma geral não influenciaram o crescimento inicial do triticale. A resposta das plantas à inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense foi variável, dependendo basicamente do genótipo de triticale

Enhancement and inhibition of iron photoreduction by individual ligands in open ocean seawater

In laboratory experiments, we investigated the effect of five individual Fe-binding ligands: phaeophytin, ferrichrome, desferrioxamine B (DFOB), inositol hexaphosphate (phytic acid), and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) on the Fe(II) photoproduction using seawater of the open Southern Ocean. Addition of 10-100 nM Fe(III) to open Southern Ocean seawater without the model ligands and containing; 1.1 nM dissolved Fe(III), 1.75 +/- 0.28 equivalents of nM Fe of natural ligands with a conditional stability constant (log K) of 21.75 +/- 0.34 and a concentration DOC of 86.8 +/- 1.13 M C leads to the formation of amorphous Fe(III) hydroxides. These amorphous Fe(III) hydroxides are the major source for the photoproduction of Fe(II). The addition of the model ligands changed the Fe(II) photoproduction considerably and in various ways. Phaeophytin showed higher Fe(II) photoproduction than ferrichrome and the control, i.e., amorphous Fe(III) hydroxides. Additions of phytic acid between 65 and 105 nM increased the concentration of photoproduced Fe(II) with 0.16 nM Fe(II) per nM phytic acid, presumably due to the co-aggregation of Fe(III) and phytic acid leading via an increasing colloidal surface to an increasing photoreducible Fe(III) fraction. DFOB and PPIX strongly decreased the photoproduced Fe(II) concentration. The low Fe(II) photoproduction with DFOB confirmed reported observations that Fe(III) complexed to DFOB is photo-stable. The PPIX hardly binds Fe(III) in the open Southern Ocean seawater but decreased the photoproduced Fe(II) concentration by complexing the Fe(II) with a binding rate constant of k(Fe(II)PPIX) = 1.04 x 10(-4) 1.53 x 10(-5) s(-1) nM(-1) PPIX. Subsequently, PPIX is suggested to act as a photo sensitizing producer of superoxide, thus increasing the dark reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). Our research shows that the photochemistry of Fe(III) and the resulting photoproduced Fe(II) concentration is strongly depending on the identity of the Fe-binding organic ligands and that a translation to natural conditions is not possible without further characterization of the natural occurring ligands

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

Health-status outcomes with invasive or conservative care in coronary disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA trial, an invasive strategy with angiographic assessment and revascularization did not reduce clinical events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease and moderate or severe ischemia. A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status among these patients. METHODS We assessed angina-related symptoms, function, and quality of life with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at randomization, at months 1.5, 3, and 6, and every 6 months thereafter in participants who had been randomly assigned to an invasive treatment strategy (2295 participants) or a conservative strategy (2322). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate differences between the treatment groups. The primary outcome of this health-status analysis was the SAQ summary score (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). All analyses were performed in the overall population and according to baseline angina frequency. RESULTS At baseline, 35% of patients reported having no angina in the previous month. SAQ summary scores increased in both treatment groups, with increases at 3, 12, and 36 months that were 4.1 points (95% credible interval, 3.2 to 5.0), 4.2 points (95% credible interval, 3.3 to 5.1), and 2.9 points (95% credible interval, 2.2 to 3.7) higher with the invasive strategy than with the conservative strategy. Differences were larger among participants who had more frequent angina at baseline (8.5 vs. 0.1 points at 3 months and 5.3 vs. 1.2 points at 36 months among participants with daily or weekly angina as compared with no angina). CONCLUSIONS In the overall trial population with moderate or severe ischemia, which included 35% of participants without angina at baseline, patients randomly assigned to the invasive strategy had greater improvement in angina-related health status than those assigned to the conservative strategy. The modest mean differences favoring the invasive strategy in the overall group reflected minimal differences among asymptomatic patients and larger differences among patients who had had angina at baseline

Initial invasive or conservative strategy for stable coronary disease

BACKGROUND Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, 121.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 124.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used