Características Clínicas e epidemiológicas de pacientes com tuberculose na cidade com a maior incidência da doença no Brasil [Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with tuberculosis in the city with the highest incidence of the disease]

Introdução: O controle da tuberculose é um grave problema de saúde pública. É nos países de baixa e média renda, como no Brasil, que ocorre 95% das mortes causadas pela tuberculose. O nosso país está entre as 22 nações que são responsáveis por 80% da população infectada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Objetivo: Descrever o perfil dos casos de tuberculose no município de Alvorada, RS e os fatores associados com a recidiva da doença e o abandono do tratamento.Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo do período de 2008 a 2010 que avaliou o perfil dos novos casos de pacientes com tuberculose no município de Alvorada através da análise de prontuários. A associação entre as variáveis foi determinada pelo teste Qui-quadrado ou Teste Exato de Fisher com auxílio do SPSS 13.0.Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 37,7 (DP ± 14,8) anos, sendo 73% do sexo masculino. Declararam-se tabagistas 50,6% dos pacientes, 41,6% faziam uso de bebida alcoólica e 20,6% uso de drogas. A forma clínica predominante foi a pulmonar e 41 pacientes apresentaram sorologia positiva para HIV. A cura ocorreu em 75,9% dos casos, 4,6% foram a óbito, 16,6% abandonaram o tratamento. A taxa de recidiva durante o período estudado foi de 6,6% em toda população.Conclusão: Os resultados ressaltam a importância do correto tratamento da tuberculose visto que a região estudada não atingiu as metas de cura preconizada pela OMS

Odiel River (SW Spain), a Singular Scenario Affected by Acid Mine Drainage (AMD): Graphical and Statistical Models to Assess Diatoms and Water Hydrogeochemistry Interactions

The Odiel River (SW Spain) is one of the most cited rivers in the scientific literature due to its high pollution degree, generated by more than 80 sulphide mines’ (mostly unrestored) contamination in the Iberian Pyritic Belt (IPB), that have been exploited for more than 5000 years. Along the river and its tributaries, the physico-chemical parameters and diatoms, from 15 sampling points, were analyzed in the laboratory. Physico-chemical parameters, water chemical analysis, together with richness and Shannon–Wiener indexes were integrated in a matrix. An initial graphical treatment allowed the definition and proposal of a functioning system model, as well as the establishment of cause–effect relationships between pollution and its effects on biota. Then, the proposed model was statistically validated by factor analysis. For acidic pH waters, high values of Eh, TDS, sulphate, ∑REE and ∑Ficklin were found, while diatomologic indicators took low values. Thus, factor analysis was a very effective tool for graphical treatment validation as well as for pollution–biota interaction models’ formulation, governed by two factors: AMD processes and water balance suffered by the studied river. As a novelty, the cause–effect relationships between high barium concentration and low diversity and richness were demonstrated in the IPB, for the first time: The authors are grateful to the Departments of Biology and Geosciences of the University of Aveiro, Portugal where diatom samples were identified. The authors are grateful to the Sustainable Mining Engineering Research Group, Department of Mining, Mechanic, Energetic and Construction Engineering at the Higher Technical School of Engineering, University of Huelva, Spain for paying for the water analyses. AT Luís is funded by national funds (OE), through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, of 29 August, changed by Law 57/2017, of 19 Jul

Effects of a multidisciplinary program on autonomic modulation in overweight or obese children and adolescents

Purpose: this study evaluated the effects of a multidisciplinary program on autonomic modulation in overweight or obese children and adolescents. Methods: fi fteen individuals with 10,93±2,28 years were submitted to autonomic evaluation using heart rate variability before and after a program based on physical exercises for three months, three times a week, 60 minutes per session and psychological and nutritional counseling. Data was analyzed using the paired t-test or Wilcoxon test and the level of signifi cance was set at P < 0.05. Results: multidisciplinary program was able to promote benefi ts in autonomic modulation observed thought temporal (SDNN: 39,96 ± 10,33 x 49,44 ± 12,31; p = 0,019; rMSSD: 28,97 ± 11,50 x 37,26 ± 11,17; p = 0,018), spectral (LFnu: 64,49 ± 12,21 x 56,74 ± 11,18; p = 0,014; HFnu: 35,50 ± 12,21 x 43,25 ± 11,18; p = 0,014) and geometrical (SD1: 20,51 ± 8,13 x 26,36 ± 7,90; p = 0,018 SD2: 52,31 ± 13,04 x 64,58 ± 16,33; p = 0,031) indices in overweigh and obese children and adolescents. Also, after the intervention there was a reduction on resting heart rate (88,53 ± 9,24 x 83,09 ± 7,93; p = 0,023) and there were changes in the classifi cation of overweigh 26,67% x 46,66% and obesity 73,33% x 53,33%, although not significant changes in body mass index. Conclusions: exercise program together with nutritional and psychological counseling is able to promote benefi ts in autonomic modulation in children and adolescents who are overweight or obese

Depressive disorders in patients who seek cosmetic surgery: a broad and updated view

INTRODUCTION: Aesthetic surgery can improve the quality of life of patients, but some candidates for the procedure have depressive disorders (DDs) that may develop, in the postoperative period, in a disastrous manner from a psychological point of view and even progress to suicide. The prevalence of DDs in cosmetic surgery patients is 20% on average and reaches 70%. This article aims to review depression and aesthetic surgery as well as to alert and educate plastic surgeons on the growing number of these patients in clinical settings. It also aims to guide surgeons to the appropriate approach and specific behaviors with these patients. METHODS: A search was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase, and key words were entered, including "cosmetic surgery," "depression," "mood disorders," "depressive disorder," "depressive symptoms," and "suicide and plastic surgery." RESULTS: The success of plastic surgery depends a great deal on the selection of patients for the procedure. Suspect patients, patients with elevated depressive symptoms in questionnaires (such as the BDI), and patients with psychopathology "markers" should be forwarded to a psychiatrist for proper evaluation. CONCLUSION: Due to the high prevalence of DDs in aesthetic plastic surgery patients, every plastic surgery patient should be evaluated properly to identify those with possible DDs in the preoperative period, and those should be forwarded to a psychiatrist, thus avoiding an unfavorable postoperative psychological evolution

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Reabilitando os pensadores antigos para uma Linguística no século XXI

Historical perspective has been recently revalued by the field of Linguistics. However, the appropriation of past elements in order to make a sort of ‘History of this discipline' has not always been carried out taking into account any methodological and theoretical aspects involving the reading of an ancient text. In this paper, we aim at giving our contribution to designing some methodological and theoretical aspects which must come out  whenever dealing with metalinguistic treatises from ancient times, as well as reflecting on possible contributions that the Classical Studies can effectively provide to the Historiography of Linguistics.Perspectiva histórica tem sido, nos últimos anos, revalorizada no âmbito da Linguística. Entretanto, a apropriação de elementos do passado nem sempre se realiza levando em conta qualquer aspecto teórico ou metodológico que envolvem a leitura de um texto antigo. Neste trabalho, pretendemos dar nossa contribuição ao delineamento de alguns aspectos teóricos e metodológicos que precisam emergir sempre que se deseja lidar com tratados metalinguísticos do passado, assim como refletir sobre possíveis contribuições que os Estudos Clássicos podem oferecer à Historiografia da Linguística

Reabilitando os pensadores antigos para uma Linguística no século XXI

Perspectiva histórica tem sido, nos últimos anos, revalorizada no âmbito da Linguística. Entretanto, a apropriação de elementos do passado nem sempre se realiza levando em conta qualquer aspecto teórico ou metodológico que envolvem a leitura de um texto antigo. Neste trabalho, pretendemos dar nossa contribuição ao delineamento de alguns aspectos teóricos e metodológicos que precisam emergir sempre que se deseja lidar com tratados metalinguísticos do passado, assim como refletir sobre possíveis contribuições que os Estudos Clássicos podem oferecer à Historiografia da Linguística.AbstractHistorical perspective has been recently revalued by the field of Linguistics. However, the appropriation of past elements in order to make a sort of ‘History of this discipline’ has not always been carried out taking into account any methodological and theoretical aspects involving the reading of an ancient text. In this paper, we aim at giving our contribution to designing some methodological and theoretical aspects which must come out whenever dealing with metalinguistic treatises from ancient times, as well as reflecting on possible contributions that the Classical Studies can effectively provide to the Historiography of Linguistics. Keywords: Historiography of Linguistics; Classical Studies; Linguistics; historical perspective

[pt] A COMUNICAÇÃO DOS ANIMAIS E OS FEROMÔNIOS

Fifteen live adult male botos, or Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis), were examined using ultrasonography during the yearly capture expedition, between October and November 2005, at the Mamiraua Sustainable Development Reserve, within the Brazilian Amazon (3 degrees S, 65 degrees W). All examinations were performed with a Sonosite 180 plus ultrasound unit in conjunction with a 2- to 5-MHz multifrequency transducer convex array 180 Plus/Elite-C60. Age and maturity estimates were determined considering the body length, weight, and external characteristics. In all examinations, the testes were discerned by the presence of a hyperechoic central line, called the mediastinum testis, a landmark for their identification during ultrasonography. No significant differences in echogenicity were detected on the ultrasonographic appearance of the testes among the studied animals. On adult male botos, apparent parenchymal nodulation of the testis was observed on scanning in most of the animals and probably constituted evidence of reproductive maturity. Using the color Doppler technique, blood flow was detected along the mediastinum testis that progressively decreased toward the periphery of this organ. Little blood flow could be identified by color Doppler. Power Doppler allowed better accuracy to identify testicular vessels, their topography, and their differentiation from adjacent structures. Ultrasonographic examination provides useful data for morphologic characterization of the boto's testes. Examination using Doppler techniques was considered a valuable tool to evidence blood flow through the testicular parenchyma