A etnomatemática como ferramenta do saber/fazer matemático nos artesanatos dos bichinhos de madeira do povo Guarani

This research has its theoretical-methodological character based on assumptions of the Ethnomathematics Program, in the “Dambrosian” aspect, and dialogues with the knowledge of the original peoples, how they organize their daily lives and, in turn, develop their mathematical knowledge/doing about their sociocultural needs. In this sense, looking at other ways of knowing/doing mathematics is recognizing that each social group has a traditional education system, built from the strengthening of its sociocultural aspects. Our focus is on the Guarani knowledge involved in the production of handicrafts and accessories, their artisanal know-how, which is passed down from generation to generation, in the arts/techniques of artisans and artisans. As a result of the investigation, we present a study on handicrafts and ornaments produced by Guarani indigenous people from the Tekoha Ocoy community, in the municipality of São Miguel do Iguaçu, in western Paraná

A ETNOMATEMÁTICA PRESENTE NOS ARTESANATOS DAS PULSEIRAS E COLARES INDÍGENAS GUARANI: O INDÍGENA E A NATUREZA

Esta pesquisa salienta algumas discussões acerca em uma pesquisa de doutorado, que tem como objetivo realizar uma análise dos artesanatos e adereços produzidos pelos artesãos e artesãs indígenas Guarani, localizado na comunidade Tekoha Ocoy no município de São Miguel do Iguaçu, na região oeste do Paraná. Buscamos elementos a partir do programa da Etnomatemática utilizados pelos artesãos na criação e elaboração de seus artesanatos, assim como as simbologias espirituais, cotidianas e socioculturais a partir das práticas das feituras artesanais acerca dos processos de comercialização utlizadas pelos povos originarios na comercialização de seus artesanatos. A partir de uma observação participante notamos a importância que os artesanatos possuem para o fotalecimento da cultura Guarani no contexto da histórias de lutas dos povos indígenas.

Técnicas em fisioterapia respiratória para a remoção de secreção em recém-nascidos internados na UTI neonatal: uma revisão de literatura: Techniques in respiratory physiotherapy for the removal of secretion in newborns interned in the neonatal ICU: a literature revie

Introdução: As técnicas de remoção de secreção são descritas particularmente na literatura como a fisioterapia respiratória convencional e dentre elas compreendem- se aquelas que são as mais utilizadas como, o Aumento do Fluxo expiratório lento (AFE Lento), vibro compressão manual, hiperinflação manual (HM) e a não menos importante aspiração endotraqueal. As técnicas de remoção de secreção garantem efeitos terapêuticos necessários para os neonatos na remoção de secreções nas vias aéreas, reduzindo o trabalho respiratório e reduzindo as lesões associadas à ventilação mecânica, melhorando assim sua apneia e o desconforto respiratório e dentre outros fatores. Objetivo: Analisar com base na literatura quais técnicas é utilizada para favorecer a higiene brônquica. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura utilizando o método de pesquisa dedutivo, hipotético e com objetivo descritivo. Resultados: Elucidar com base na literatura quais técnicas baseadas em evidências é utilizado para remoção de secreção em recém-nascidos. Considerações finais: Estima se que os resultados deste estudo ampliem mais o conhecimento sobre a execução e o efeito de tais técnicas em RNs, o que leva a comprovação da eficácia da higiene brônquica, assim sobressaltando a importância da fisioterapia respiratória

The H2S-releasing naproxen derivative, ATB-346, inhibits alveolar bone loss and inflammation in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud In experimental periodontitis, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) effectively inhibit the resultant alveolar bone loss. However, their deleterious gastric effects, observed in both animals and humans, dramatically limit their long-term use. It has been proven that the addition of a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing moiety to classical NSAID structures results in antiinflammatory compounds with improved gastric safeness. In this way, we decided to compare the effects of naproxen with its H2S-releasing derivative ATB-346 on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud Male Holtzman rats had a cotton ligature placed subgingivally around the lower right first molar during 7 days. During this period, groups of animals were daily treated with Na2S (a spontaneous H2S donor) or equimolar oral doses of naproxen (10 mg/kg) or ATB-346 (16 mg/kg). The mandibles were finally collected for histological analysis, radiographical measurements of alveolar bone loss and micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were quantified in gingiva samples, and the stomachs were also collected for scoring of tissue damage and measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO, a marker of granulocyte infiltration).\ud \ud \ud Results\ud Ligature-induced bone loss was significantly inhibited by all the treatments, although only ATB-346 treatment resulted in significant inhibition of bone defect and other histological characteristics (such as flatness of the gingival epithelium, chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and loss of connective tissue in the gingival papillae). Both naproxen and ATB-346 inhibited the increase of gingival IL-1β and IL-6 secondary to periodontitis, but IL-10 was unaffected. Significant damage and increased MPO contents were only found in the stomachs of the naproxen-treated animals.\ud \ud \ud Conclusion\ud The H2S-releasing moiety in the ATB-346 compound not only does not impair the effects of the parent naproxen on periodontitis, but also improves bone quality and prevents the gastric mucosa damage due to prostaglandin inhibition, thus configuring a potentially new adjuvant therapy for periodontal diseases.This study has been supported by the State of São Paulo Research\ud Foundation (FAPESP); LCS, SKPC and MNM are recipients of fellowships from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)

Genetic Variation of Kallikrein-Kinin System and Related Genes in Patients With Hereditary Angioedema

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by C1-INH deficiency due to mutations in SERPING1 (C1-INH-HAE) in most of the cases, or by specific mutations in factor XII gene, F12 (F12-HAE). Identification of polymorphisms in the genes encoding proteins from key pathways driving HAE can help to understand how genetic diversity contributes to its phenotypic variability. Here, 15 genes related to the Kallikrein-Kinin System (KKS) were analyzed by next generation sequencing in 59 patients with C1-INH-HAE or F12-HAE from Brazil, Denmark and Spain, and 19 healthy relatives in a total of 31 families. We identified 211 variants, from which 23 occurred only in Danish subjects and 79 were found only in Brazilian individuals, resulting in 109/211 variations in common between European and Brazilian population in the HAE families analyzed. BDKRB2 and CPM presented a large number of variants in untranslated regions, 46/49 and 19/24, respectively; whereas ACE (n = 26), SERPING1 (n = 26), CPM (n = 24), and NOS3 (n = 16) genes presented the higher number of variants directly affecting amino acid sequence. Despite the large amount of variants identified, the lack of association between genotype and phenotype indicates that the modulation of HAE symptom requires a more complex regulation, probably involving pathways beyond the KKS, epigenetics and environmental factors. Considering the new HAE types recently described, molecules involved in the regulation of vasculature and in plasminogen activation become promising targets for future genetic studies

Questão agrária e políticas públicas em Minas Gerais : conflitos sociais e alternativas populares

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As particularidades clínicas da otite média: Clinical features of otitis media

A otite média é um processo inflamatório de evolução abrupta, acompanhado pelo quadro clínico típico de inflamação na orelha média, sendo sua incidência prevalente em crianças, culminando em leves repercussões clínicas, mas que deve ser adequadamente diagnosticada e tratada. Este evento clínico pode ser agudo, subagudo ou crônico com aparições típicas, evolução e manejo clínico diferenciados. O seguinte artigo é uma revisão narrativa de literatura que visa analisar a respeito das principais particularidades clínicas da Otite Média. Diante das informações coletadas, pode se elucidar que a otite média é o fator causal para implicações negativas e antibioticoterapia em crianças, logo é essencial medidas para diagnose precoce para evitar repercussões na saúde destes

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Evaluation of the influence of fibroblasts on the maturation and induction of cardiomyocytes with arrhythmogenic potential

Anomalias no sistema de condução ventricular (VCS) têm sido associadas à arritmias e muitos dos mecanismos para a determinação do VCS permanecem desconhecidos. Nós hipotetizamos que os fibroblastos adjacentes ao VCS influenciam a maturação de cardiomiócitos para fibras de condução rápida e poderiam estar associados à arritmias pós transplante de células-tronco em modelos de infarto do miocárdio. Utilizamos coculturas de cardiomiócitos ventriculares de ratos neonatos e fibroblastos cardíacos para testar esta hipótese in vitro. Adicionalmente, produzimos a deleção do gene candidato IRX3 em células tronco iPS para testar a hipótese de que o IRX3 influencia a diferenciação de cardiomiócitos em células especializadas de condução cardíaca. A cocultura de fibroblastos cardíacos aumentou a expressão proteica do marcador para o VCS, Nav1.5, e alterou os transientes de cálcio intracelular (CaTs) de forma consistente com o perfil de células de condução rápida. Interessantemente, o meio condicionado por fibroblastos foi suficiente para recapitular o aumento da expressão gênica e proteica de marcadores do VCS (Gja5/Conexina 40, Scn5a/Nav1.5 e Irx3) e, também, inibir o fenótipo de cardiomiócito ventricular de trabalho (produzindo redução da área celular e diminuição da expressão de conexina 43). Mostramos também que a indução do fenótipo de condução rápida, ilustrada pelo aumento da expressão proteica da Conexina 40, requer sinalização justácrina mediada pela ativação do Notch1 nos cardiomiócitos e nos fibroblastos, como demonstrado pela inibição farmacológica da via nos dois tipos celulares. Finalmente, as hiPSC IRX3 KO originaram cardiomiócitos com perfil de expressão gênica e CaTs condizentes com cardiomiócitos ventriculares de trabalho in vitro (maior expressão de troponina I e conexina 43; menor expressão de SCN5A; CaTs mais rápidos). Em conjunto, fornecemos evidências de que os fibroblastos cardíacos secretam fatores que induzem a maturação dos cardiomiócitos para células de condução rápida de forma dependente de sinalização Notch1 e que a diferenciação para células especializadas em condução depende do gene IRX3, pois a sua deleção favoreceu o aparecimento de cardiomiócitos de trabalho, o que pode ser importante para o desenvolvimento de estratégias mais eficientes para regeneração cardíacaVentricular conduction system (VCS) abnormalities have been associated with arrhythmias and many of the mechanisms for determining VCS remain unknown. We hypothesized that fibroblasts adjacent to the VCS influence cardiomyocyte maturation to fast-conducting fibers and could be associated with arrhythmias following stem cell transplantation in myocardial infarction models. We used ventricular cardiomyocyte cocultures of neonatal rats and cardiac fibroblasts to test this hypothesis in vitro. Additionally, we produced the deletion of the candidate gene IRX3 in iPS stem cells to test the hypothesis that IRX3 influences cardiomyocyte differentiation in specialized cardiac conduction cells. Co-culture of cardiac fibroblasts increased the expression of the VCS marker, Nav1.5, and altered intracellular calcium transients (CaTs) consistently with the rapidly conducting cell profile. Interestingly, fibroblastconditioned media was sufficient to recapitulate the increased gene and protein expression of VCS markers (Gja5 / Connexin 40, Scn5a / Nav1.5 and Irx3) and also inhibit the ventricular working cardiomyocyte phenotype (producing reduced cell area and decreased connexin 43 expression). We have also shown that induction of the fastconducting phenotype, illustrated by the increased protein expression of Connexin 40, requires juxtacrine signaling mediated by Notch1 activation in cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, as demonstrated by pharmacological inhibition of the pathway in both cell types. Finally, hiPSC IRX3 KO resulted in cardiomyocytes with gene expression profile and CaTs consistent with ventricular working cardiomyocytes (higher expression of troponin I and connexin 43; lower expression of SCN5A; faster CaTs) in vitro. Together, we provide evidence that cardiac fibroblasts secrete factors that induce cardiomyocyte maturation to fast-conducting cells dependent on Notch1 signaling and that differentiation to conduction-specialized cells depends on the IRX3 gene, as its deletion favored the onset of ventricular working cardiomyocytes, which may be important for the development of more efficient strategies for cardiac regeneratio