Considerações gerais sobre a síncope: uma abordagem clínica : General considerations about syncope: a clinical approach

O seguinte estudo objetivou descrever sobre as etiologias e o respectivo quadro clínico da síncope. A síncope é classificado como um sintoma de perda da consciência devido redução do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral, secundário a uma etiologia. Tal evento costuma ser confundido com outras condições associadas a perda de conhecimento, apesar de para se diagnosticar como síncope é necessário descartar demais alterações. A síncope é uma condição que têm como fisiopatologia o hipofluxo de sangue no cérebro, mas conta com diversas causas como a neuromediada, ortostática, cardíaca, cerebrovascular e até idiopática,  resultam em quadros clínicos distintos e complicações, mas o mesmo desfecho. Tal evento necessita ser investigado e detectado de imediato, por história clínica, exame físico e complementares

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A evolução clínica do paciente portador de abscesso pulmonar: Clinical evolution of patients with lung abscess

Atualmente, com a era da antibioticoterapia e demais meios terapêuticos, o abscesso pulmonar decaiu em termos de morbimortalidade, mas ainda permanece como um desafio em termos diagnósticos e manejo clínico. O abscesso pulmonar corresponde a uma cavidade com pus no pulmão, envolvido por tecido inflamado e geralmente oriunda de uma infecção. O artigo objetivou descrever de modo narrativo a evolução clínica do portador de abscesso pulmonar, ressaltando os principais dados para a compreensão deste fenômeno. Um abscesso pulmonar é causado principalmente por bactérias existentes na boca ou garganta, a qual são aspiradas até os pulmões. A sintomatologia é inespecífica, abordando fadiga, inapetência, sudorese noturna, febre, perda ponderal e tosse com expectoração. O quadro clínico geralmente necessita do complemento de exames de imagem, principalmente a radiografia torácica para diagnóstic

Educomunicação, Transformação Social e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Esta publicação apresenta os principais trabalhos dos GTs do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação nos temas Transformação social, com os artigos que abordam principalmente Educomunicação e/ou Mídia-Educação, no contexto de políticas de diversidade, inclusão e equidade; e, em Desenvolvimento Sustentável os artigos que abordam os avanços da relação comunicação/educação no contexto da educação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Effect of ionic strength and ionic radius of divalent salts on the properties of biodegradable packaging containing anthocyanins from phenolic extract of açaí (Euterpe oleraceae Mart.)

Nos últimos anos a crescente geração de resíduos plásticos derivados de petróleo ampliou a necessidade de desenvolvimento de pesquisas relacionadas aos polímeros biodegradáveis. Outra problemática ambiental inerente aos resíduos plásticos é a liberação de plastificante da matriz polimérica que são empregados para melhorar a sua flexibilidade e processabilidade. Esses aditivos são em sua maioria da classe de ftalatos e são considerados agentes de efeitos tóxicos e adversos em humanos. Desde então, os pesquisadores têm direcionado esforços no desenvolvimento de materiais plásticos com fontes de matérias primas naturais, renováveis e biodegradáveis. Aliado a isso, a funcionalização desses materiais por meio do desenvolvimento de embalagens ativas, inteligentes ou sensores são estratégias importantes para conquistar maior público de consumidores. Entretanto, alguns bioplásticos apresentam propriedades que limitam aplicações em alimentos e, por isso, diversos estudos têm sido realizados para melhorar essas características por meio da adição de reforços, mistura de polímeros e reticulação das cadeias poliméricas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da força iônica do sistema e o raio iônico de sais clorados nas propriedades de embalagens biodegradáveis e sensores colorimétricos contendo antocianinas do extrato fenólico de açaí (Euterpe oleraceae Mart.). No primeiro capítulo, mostramos que a incorporação dos sais de CaCl 2 ou MgCl 2 com força iônica de 50 mM em filmes de metilcelulose promove a reticulação das cadeias poliméricas por meio de interações eletrostáticas e ligações coordenadas, enquanto valores acima de 250 mM contribuem para o efeito plastificante. Confirmamos que esse efeito plastificante é decorrente da absorção e retenção de água na matriz polimérica, o que é dependente da força iônica do sistema e do raio iônico dos sais incorporados. Aliado a isso, a incorporação dos sais em sensores contendo antocianinas gerou cores distintas e foi relacionado à formação de copigmentos ou metaloantocianinas. Descobrimos que o efeito aditivo da força iônica ou de cátions com o menor raio iônico (Magnésio) nos sensores aumentoua sensibilidade de detecção a amônia (NH 3 ). No segundo capítulo, foram desenvolvidos e caracterizados sensores colorimétricos contendo extrato fenólico de açaí para monitorar o frescor de peixes. Mostramos que a força iônica do sistema pode ser empregada para modular a sensibilidade de detecção de NH 3 e de nitrogênio de bases voláteis totais. Sensores com alteração de cor reversível podem ser desenvolvidos ao empregar valores de força iônica de até 50 mM, enquanto que a irreversibilidade pode ser obtida ao utilizar a força iônica igual ou superior a 250 mM. O tempo de equilíbrio foi o principal fator para desestabilização das cores após a detecção de NH 3 seguido pela força iônica e pela presença da radiação visível. Foram desenvolvidos dois tipos de sensores capazes de classificar o frescor de peixes Lambari de acordo com normas brasileira e europeia. Utilizamos ferramentas estatísticas multivariadas para validar a aplicação dos sensores no monitoramento do frescor de peixes. De forma geral, apresentamos a importância em compreender e controlar os fatores extrínsecos à matriz polimérica para assegurar o desenvolvimento de materiais com propriedades homogêneas e de interesse. Aliado a isso, todos os materiais desenvolvidos neste trabalho possuem natureza renovável, sustentável e biodegradável, o que sugere excelente potencial para aplicação em alimentos e contribui para a redução do impacto ambiental no planeta. Palavras-chave: Embalagens biodegradáveis. Força iônica. Raio iônico. Sensores colorimétricos. Antocianinas. Metilcelulose. Caracterização de materiais. Açaí.In recent years, the growing generation of petroleum-derived plastic waste has increased the need for research related to biodegradable polymers. Another environmental problem inherent to plastic waste is release of plasticizers from polymer matrix that are used to improve its flexibility and processability. These additives are mostly from the phthalate class and are considered to be toxic and adverse agents in humans. Since then, researchers have directed efforts towards the development of plastic materials with sources of natural, renewable and biodegradable raw materials. Allied to this, the functionalization of these materials through development of active, intelligent or sensor packaging are important strategies to conquer a larger consumer audience. However, some bioplastics have properties that limit applications in food and, therefore, several studies have been carried out to improve these characteristics through the addition of reinforcements, mixture of polymers and crosslinking of polymer chains. In this context, objective of this work was to evaluate effect of ionic strength of system and ionic radius of chlorinated salts on properties of biodegradable packaging and colorimetric sensors containing anthocyanins from phenolic extract of açaí (Euterpe oleraceae Mart.). In the first chapter, we show that incorporation of CaCl 2 or MgCl 2 salts with 50 mM ionic strength in methylcellulose films promotes crosslinking of polymer chains through electrostatic interactions and coordinated bonds, while values above 250 mM contribute to plasticizer effect. We confirm that this plasticizer effect is due to absorption and retention of water in polymeric matrix, which is dependent on ionic strength of system and ionic radius of incorporated salts. Allied to this, incorporation of salts in sensors containing anthocyanins generated different colors and was related to formation of copigments or metalloanthocyanins. We found that additive effect of ionic strength or cations with smallest ionic radius (Magnesium) on sensors increased detection sensitivity to ammonia (NH 3 ). In the second chapter, colorimetric sensors containing phenolic extract of açaí were developed and characterized to monitor freshness of fish. We show that ionic strength of system can be used to modulate the detection sensitivity of NH 3 and nitrogen of total volatile bases.Sensors with reversible color change can be developed by employing ionic strength values of up to 50 mM, while irreversibility can be achieved by using ionic strength equal to or greater than 250 mM. The equilibrium time was main factor for color destabilization after NH 3 detection followed by ionic strength and presence of visible radiation. Two types of sensors have been developed capable of classifying freshness of Lambari fish according to Brazilian and European standards. We use multivariate statistical tools to validate application of sensors in monitoring freshness of fish. In general, we present importance of understanding and controlling factors extrinsic to polymeric matrix to ensure development of materials with homogeneous and interesting properties. Allied to this, all the materials developed in this work have a renewable, sustainable and biodegradable nature, which suggests excellent potential for application in food and contributes to reduction of the environmental impact on planet. Keywords: Biodegradable packaging. Ionic strength. Ionic radius. Colorimetric sensors. Anthocyanins. Methylcellulose. Açaí.CNPQ -Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

Biodegradation of Polymers: Stages, Measurement, Standards and Prospects

Nowadays, sustainable and biodegradable bioplastics are gaining significant attention due to resource depletion and plastic pollution. An increasing number of environmentally friendly plastics are being introduced to the market with the aim of addressing these concerns. However, many final products still contain additives or mix non-biodegradable polymers to ensure minimum performance, which often undermines their ecological footprint. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge about all stages of biodegradation and their accuracy in classifying products as biodegradable. Therefore, this review provides an overview of biodegradable polymers, elucidating the steps and mechanisms of polymer biodegradation. We also caution readers about the growing marketing practice of “greenwashing” where companies or organizations adopt green marketing strategies to label products with more environmental benefits than they have. Furthermore, we present the main standards for evaluating biodegradation, tools, and tests capable of measuring the biodegradation process. Finally, we suggest strategies and perspectives involving concepts of recycling and the circularity of polymers to make them more environmentally friendly and sustainable. After all, “throwing away” plastics should not be an option because there is no outside when there is only one planet

Herbicide and Cytogenotoxic Activity of Inclusion Complexes of Psidium gaudichaudianum Leaf Essential Oil and β-Caryophyllene on 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

Funding Information: We would like to thank Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo (FAPES) for financial support. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.The present investigation aimed to develop inclusion complexes (ICs) from Psidium gaudichaudianum (GAU) essential oil (EO) and its major compound β-caryophyllene (β-CAR), and to evaluate their herbicidal (against Lolium multiflorum and Bidens pilosa) and cytogenotoxic (on Lactuca sativa) activities. The ICs were obtained using 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and they were prepared to avoid or reduce the volatility and degradation of GAU EO and β-CAR. The ICs obtained showed a complexation efficiency of 91.5 and 83.9% for GAU EO and β-CAR, respectively. The IC of GAU EO at a concentration of 3000 µg mL−1 displayed a significant effect against weed species B. pilosa and L. multiflorum. However, the β-CAR IC at a concentration of 3000 µg mL−1 was effective only on L. multiflorum. In addition, the cytogenotoxic activity evaluation revealed that there was a reduction in the mitotic index and an increase in chromosomal abnormalities. The produced ICs were able to protect the EO and β-CAR from volatility and degradation, with a high thermal stability, and they also enabled the solubilization of the EO and β-CAR in water without the addition of an organic solvent. Therefore, it is possible to indicate the obtained products as potential candidates for commercial exploration since the ICs allow the complexed EO to exhibit a more stable chemical constitution than pure EO under storage conditions.publishersversionpublishe

Ionic Strength of Methylcellulose-Based Films: An Alternative for Modulating Mechanical Performance and Hydrophobicity for Potential Food Packaging Application

The growing environmental concern with the inappropriate disposal of conventional plastics has driven the development of eco-friendly food packaging. However, the intrinsic characteristics of polymers of a renewable origin, e.g., poor mechanical properties, continue to render their practical application difficult. For this, the present work studied the influence of ionic strength (IS) from 0 to 500 mM to modulate the physicochemical properties of methylcellulose (MC). Moreover, for protection against biological risks, Nisin-Z was incorporated into MC’s polymeric matrices, providing an active function. The incorporation of salts (LiCl and MgCl2) promoted an increase in the equilibrium moisture content in the polymer matrix, which in turn acted as a plasticizing agent. In this way, films with a hydrophobic surface (98°), high true strain (85%), and low stiffness (1.6 mPa) can be manufactured by addition of salts, modulating the IS to 500 mM. Furthermore, films with an IS of 500 mM, established with LiCl, catalyzed antibacterial activity against E. coli, conferring synergism and extending protection against biological hazards. Therefore, we demonstrated that the IS control of MC dispersion presents a new alternative to achieve films with the synergism of antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria in addition to flexibility, elasticity, and hydrophobicity required in various applications in food packaging