Autoevaluación mediante la reflexión en la práctica educativa y el pensamiento crítico

El propósito de este estudio consiste en potenciar el proceso de autoevaluación del alumnado mediante la aplicación de la reflexión en la práctica educativa y el pensamiento crítico. Asimismo, con este fin, se diseñó e implementó un documento específico para la autoevaluación. El documento elaborado constaba de tres grandes bloques con subapartados específicos para cada uno de ellos. El primer bloque destinado a la reflexión sobre el proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje, el segundo relacionado con las fortalezas y debilidades y un tercero vinculado con el pensamiento crítico del proceso de autoevaluación. Los participantes del estudio fueron los alumnos de tercero y cuarto cuso del grado de enfermería y los alumnos del máster de investigación en Ciencias de la enfermería. Los principales resultados obtenidos son: la principal dificultad en el aprendizaje la relacionan con los contenidos teóricos de la asignatura en determinados temas, así mismo generalmente suele coincidir los conocimientos más significativos con aquellos que más grado de dificultad le atribuyen. El 95% de los alumnos puntúan su rendimiento académico con la nota más elevada paradójicamente coinciden en afirmar que no le han dedicado suficiente tiempo debido al exceso de actividades por parte de los profesores

El diario de prácticas clínicas en la unidad de cuidados intensivos

El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en conocer la experiencia clínica vivida por los alumnos de 4º curso de enfermería en las unidades de cuidados especiales. Para la obtención de los datos se empleará la utilización de una herramienta específica como es el diario de prácticas clínicas elaborado por los porpios alumnos donde se recojan las vivencias en las unidades especiales. Por otro lado se realizarán sesiones con grupos focales para debatir procesualmente, el problema de investigación a la luz de las narrativas vertidas en los diarios. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto las siguientes categorías:-el miedo y la angustia vivido por los alumnos al comienzo en este tipo de unidades. La relevancia de la figura del tutor en este entorno. La labor desarrollada por un el equipo de soporte de la enseñanza clínica. La influencia de la tecnificación sin desatender los cuidados básicos y por último el aumento de la seguridad y confianza con el entorno con el paso de los día

Percepción de los alumnos de enfermería de las unidades especiales a través de sus diarios

Conocer la experiencia clínica vivida por los alumnos de 4º curso de enfermería en las unidades de cuidados intensivos y reanimación. Potenciar el diario de prácticas clínicas como herramienta de reflexión durante los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje clínico en las unidades de cuidados especiales. Introducir al alumno de prácticas clínicas en la rehumanización de los cuidados en unidades especiales (contextos clínicos cerrados y de alta incidencia tecnológica). Metodológicamente se emplearán, por una parte, los diarios de prácticas clínicas enfocados al problema planteado en esta investigación; por otra, se realizarán sesiones con grupos focales para debatir procesualmente, el problema de investigación a la luz de las narrativas vertidas en los diarios. Los principales resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto las siguientes categorías:-el miedo y la angustia vivido por los alumnos al comienzo en este tipo de unidades. La relevancia del tutor en este entorno. La importante labor desarrollada por un equipo multidisciplinar. La influencia de la tecnificación sin desatender los cuidados básicos. Ganan seguridad y confianza con el paso de los días siendo conscientes de sus limitaciones

Compost Quality and Sanitation on Industrial Scale Composting of Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge

Municipal solid waste and sewage sludge are produced in large quantities that are often managed through industrial composting treatment. Because of their origin, composition, and complexity, ensuring adequate stabilization of the organic matter, and sanitation of fecal contaminants during composting is of the utmost significance, and difficult to achieve on an industrial scale. In this study, the operations of six industrial composting facilities that process municipal solid waste and sewage sludge were evaluated from the point of view of the sanitation achieved and the quality of the compost produced. In addition, the results were compared using the model of industrial compost from green waste. Differences between the plants were ascribable to operations other than composting systems. High phytotoxicity and fecal contamination above legislation thresholds were found in compost produced from municipal solid waste. In contrast, compost from sewage sludge were more stable and mature than those produced from green waste, and also had an adequate level of sanitation. The raw material and operational factors are of great relevance to obtain a stable, mature, and pathogen-free compost

Enzymatic profiles associated with the evolution of the lignocellulosic fraction during industrial-scale composting of anthropogenic waste: Comparative analysis

In the new European Waste Law, composting is proposed as one of the best options to properly manage organic waste of anthropogenic origin. Currently, the massive generation of this type of waste, as well as its heterogeneity, makes difficult in many cases control this process of degradation on an industrial scale. In this work, 15 facilities were selected based on 5 types of organic waste: Urban Solid Waste, Vegetable Waste, Sewage Sludges, Agrifood Waste and “Alpeorujo”. The samples were collected in different thermal phases. The results revealed very different physicochemical and enzymatic profiles, as well as different degrees of humification depending on the process and the raw materials. However, parameters such as β-glucosidase, amylase, lignin/holocellulose ratio and humification rate showed similar trends in all cases. All of them could act as important indicators to evaluate the quality of a composting process, despite the heterogeneity of the starting materials

Uncovering new indicators to predict stability, maturity and biodiversity of compost on an industrial scale

Currently, the metagenomic study of the composting process has gained great importance since it has allowed the identification of the existence of microorganisms that, until now, had not been isolated during the process by traditional techniques. However, it is still complex to determine which bioindicators could reveal the degree of maturity and stability of a particular compost. Thereby, the main objective of this work was to demonstrate the possible correlation between traditional parameters of maturity and stability of compost, with other indicators of biodiversity in products highly heterogeneous from composting processes on an industrial scale. The results demonstrated the enormous influence of the raw materials in characterizing the products obtained. Even so, important relationships were established between the Chao1 and Shannon indexes, and certain parameters related to the maturity, stability and toxicity of the samples, such as nitrification index, humification rate, phenolic content, germination index or oxygen consumptio

Poesía y cuidados: una herramienta para las emociones

El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar una herramienta de reflexión y sentimientos que contribuyan a la gestión emocional de los alumnos de enfermería en sus prácticas clínicas. Se ha empleado un grupo de poemas derivados de experiencias clínicas como base para la identificación y análisis de emociones y sentimientos. Se utilizó la taxonomía de Heller (1989) para facilitar su análisis. Los principales resultados afirman el gran reto que tenemos los docentes en dotar a los futuros enfermeros de la capacidad cognitiva y las destrezas emocionales necesarias para gestionar el aluvión de sentimientos complejos e intensos que emergen durante la aplicación del proceso de enfermería con el fin de prepararlos para el trabajo emocional inherente a su trabajo y disminuir el riesgo de “burnout”. Con lo que podemos concluir que los poemas inspirados en experiencias clínicas constituyen una herramienta pertinente para facilitar el trabajo emocional y de sentimientos generados durante las prácticas clínicas

Antibodies against peripheral nerve antigens in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

Altres ajuts: Beca Juan Rodes JR1300014Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a heterogeneous disease in which diverse autoantibodies have been described but systematic screening has never been performed. Detection of CIDP-specific antibodies may be clinically useful. We developed a screening protocol to uncover novel reactivities in CIDP. Sixty-five CIDP patients and 28 controls were included in our study. Three patients (4.6%) had antibodies against neurofascin 155, four (6.2%) against contactin-1 and one (1.5%) against the contactin-1/contactin-associated protein-1 complex. Eleven (18.6%) patients showed anti-ganglioside antibodies, and one (1.6%) antibodies against peripheral myelin protein 2. No antibodies against myelin protein zero, contactin-2/contactin-associated protein-2 complex, neuronal cell adhesion molecule, gliomedin or the voltage-gated sodium channel were detected. In IgG experiments, three patients (5.3%) showed a weak reactivity against motor neurons; 14 (24.6%) reacted against DRG neurons, four of them strongly (7.0%), and seven (12.3%) reacted against Schwann cells, three of them strongly (5.3%). In IgM experiments, six patients (10.7%) reacted against DRG neurons, while three (5.4%) reacted against Schwann cells. However, results were not statistically significant when compared to controls. Immunoprecipitation experiments identified CD9 and L1CAM as potential antigens, but reactivity could not be confirmed with cell-based assays. In summary, we describe a diverse autoantibody repertoire in CIDP patients, reinforcing the hypothesis of CIDP's pathophysiological heterogeneity

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells enhance radiotherapy-induced cell death in tumor and metastatic tumor foci

We have recently shown that radiotherapy may not only be a successful local and regional treatment but, when combined with MSCs, may also be a novel systemic cancer therapy. This study aimed to investigate the role of exosomes derived from irradiated MSCs in the delay of tumor growth and metastasis after treatment with MSC + radiotherapy (RT). The tumor cell loss rates found after treatment with the combination of MSC and RT and for exclusive RT, were: 44.4% % and 12,1%, respectively. Concomitant and adjuvant use of RT and MSC, increased the mice surviving time 22,5% in this group, with regard to the group of mice treated with exclusive RT and in a 45,3% respect control group. Moreover, the number of metastatic foci found in the internal organs of the mice treated with MSC + RT was 60% less than the mice group treated with RT alone. We reasoned that the exosome secreted by the MSC, could be implicated in tumor growth delay and metastasis control after treatment. Our results show that exosomes derived form MSCs, combined with radiotherapy, are determinant in the enhancement of radiation effects observed in the control of metastatic spread of melanoma cells and suggest that exosome-derived factors could be involved in the bystander, and abscopal effects found after treatment of the tumors with RT plus MSC. Radiotherapy itself may not be systemic, although it might contribute to a systemic effect when used in combination with mesenchymal stem cells owing the ability of irradiated MSCs-derived exosomes to increase the control of tumor growth and metastasis.This work was supported by CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – Brasil, Junta de Andalucía, project of Excellence from Junta de Andalucía P12-CTS-383 to FJO, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness SAF2015-70520-R to FJO and JMRdA, RTICC RD12/0036/0026 and CIBER Cáncer ISCIII CB16/12/00421 to FJO

Cystic Echinococcosis in Spain: Current Situation and Relevance for Other Endemic Areas in Europe

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) remains an important health problem in many regions of the world, both where no control measures have been implemented, and where control programs have been incompletely successful with ensuing re-emergence of the disease. In Spain, official data on CE show an increase in the proportion of intermediate hosts with CE during the last few years, and autochthonous pediatric patients have been reported, a sign of active local transmission of disease. A similar picture emerges from data reported to the European Food Safety Authority by other European countries. Nevertheless, several crucial aspects related to CE that would help better understand and control the disease have not been tackled appropriately, in particular the emergence of infection in specific geographical areas. In this respect, while some data are missing, other data are conflicting because they come from different databases. We review the current situation of CE in Spain compared with areas in which similar problems in the CE field exist, and offer recommendations on how to overcome those limitations. Specifically, we believe that the introduction of national registries for CE with online data entry, following the example set by the European Registry for Alveolar Echinococcosis, would help streamline data collection on CE by eliminating the need for evaluating and integrating data from multiple regions, by avoiding duplication of data from patients who access several different health facilities over time, and by providing much needed clinical and epidemiological data that are currently accessible only to clinicians