Uniform materials and the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient in finite elasto-plasticity

In this work we analyze the relation between the multiplicative decomposition $\mathbf F=\mathbf F^{e}\mathbf F^{p}$ of the deformation gradient as a product of the elastic and plastic factors and the theory of uniform materials. We prove that postulating such a decomposition is equivalent to having a uniform material model with two configurations - total $\phi$ and the inelastic $\phi_{1}$. We introduce strain tensors characterizing different types of evolutions of the material and discuss the form of the internal energy and that of the dissipative potential. The evolution equations are obtained for the configurations $(\phi,\phi_{1})$ and the material metric $\mathbf g$. Finally the dissipative inequality for the materials of this type is presented.It is shown that the conditions of positivity of the internal dissipation terms related to the processes of plastic and metric evolution provide the anisotropic yield criteria

Recombinant Human FSH Treatment Outcomes in Five Boys With Severe Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

ConclusionsSpermatogenesis can be induced with gonadotropins even in boys with HH who have extremely small testes, and despite low-dose T treatment given in early puberty. Induction of puberty with gonadotropins allows preservation of fertility.</p

Ageing of 100Cr6 steel: synchrotron X-ray diffraction and dimensional analysis investigation

International audienceThermal ageing of 100Cr6 with different initial austenitisings was studied using the combination of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and dimensional variation measurements. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction provided the phase volume fractions and their carbon content through the analysis of the lattice parameters. Dimensional measurements were obtained in situ in a quench dilatometer also used to realise the heat treatment. The combined analysis of these data provides a better understanding of phase evolutions. For the different austenitising treatments investigated, the dimensional variations were found to be easily linked to the phase parameters measured by X-ray diffraction

Investigating genetic links between grapheme–colour synaesthesia and neuropsychiatric traits

Synaesthesia is a neurological phenomenon affecting perception, where triggering stimuli (e.g. letters and numbers) elicit unusual secondary sensory experiences (e.g. colours). Family-based studies point to a role for genetic factors in the development of this trait. However, the contributions of common genomic variation to synaesthesia have not yet been investigated. Here, we present the SynGenes cohort, the largest genotyped collection of unrelated people with grapheme–colour synaesthesia (n = 723). Synaesthesia has been associated with a range of other neuropsychological traits, including enhanced memory and mental imagery, as well as greater sensory sensitivity. Motivated by the prior literature on putative trait overlaps, we investigated polygenic scores derived from published genome-wide scans of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), comparing our SynGenes cohort to 2181 non-synaesthetic controls. We found a very slight association between schizophrenia polygenic scores and synaesthesia (Nagelkerke's R2 = 0.0047, empirical p = 0.0027) and no significant association for scores related to ASD (Nagelkerke's R2 = 0.00092, empirical p = 0.54) or body mass index (R2 = 0.00058, empirical p = 0.60), included as a negative control. As sample sizes for studying common genomic variation continue to increase, genetic investigations of the kind reported here may yield novel insights into the shared biology between synaesthesia and other traits, to complement findings from neuropsychology and brain imaging