Development of Muscle Disuse Model in Rat: Effect of Denervation and Tenotomization on the Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Denervation refers to the condition that represents loss of nerve connection with the muscle. The term tenotomization or tenotomy refers to the condition where the tendon of the skeletal muscle is damaged. Both these conditions lead towards muscle disuse and then deterioration. It may be caused by some diseases, chemical toxicity, physical injury or intentional surgical interruption. To observe the effects of denervation and tenotomy, it is important to develop an animal model with such pathological conditions for a better understanding and investigation of a possible cure. Current study was designed to develop an animal model in rat for denervation and tenotomy. The objectives were to optimize the anaesthetic dose for rats, to develop muscle disuse models in rats including denervation and tenotomization and to determine the mechanical and physiological properties of the gastrocnemius muscle of the animal model for muscle disuse. Gastrocnemius muscle of the rat was targeted for study. Models were developed by surgical procedures. We succeeded in developing the rat model for both conditions and it was verified by observing the changes in the physiological properties of muscles

Innovative Application for Monitoring Child Behavior Using Play Therapy

Devices such as cell phones, tablets, laptops, etc., have become children's material support when parents neglect them. Without emotional support, and little parental guidance children will eventually suffer from insecurity, depression, and anxiety. Thus, to bridge this gap called emotional detachment between parents and their children, this research will introduce an android-based application called Child Psychology Monitoring and Learning System (CPMLS), which is designed to assist parents in monitoring their child's psychological state. It is designed for children between the ages of 3-9 years and is grouped into three categories, i.e., 3-5, 6-7, and 8-9, respectively. Within this application, various digital games will test the child's emotional and social intelligence using play therapy. As a result, parents can keep track of what their child is experiencing on a psychological level. It has been observed that the react world activity give the prediction of about 30 percent shyness, 25 percent arrogance, 40 percentage isolation, and five percentage child abuse and approximately 30 percentage focused, 45 percentage Impatient, and 25 percentage dedicated results were obtained from the beat-the-clock activity

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Efficacy of pre-incisional peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine for post-tonsillectomy analgesia in children

Objective: To assess the efficacy of pre-incisional peritonsillar infiltration of two doses of ketamine on postoperative analgesia compared with peritonsillar normal saline in children undergoing tonsillectomy.STUDY Design: Double blind, randomized controlled trial.PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Anaesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care and Pain Management, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Dow University of Health Sciences, from August 2008 to January 2009.METHODOLOGY: Seventy-five ASA physical status one patients, aged 5 - 12 years scheduled for tonsillectomy were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into three groups of 25 each. Group-A received normal saline, Group-B, ketamine 0.5 mg/kg while group-C ketamine 1 mg/kg respectively. All medications were 2 ml and were applied 1 ml per tonsil; 3 minutes before tonsillectomy incision. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with standard technique. All patients were monitored throughout surgery. The Children\u27s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and Wilson sedation scale were used to evaluate pain levels and sedation respectively after operation.Results: Mean duration of analgesia was significantly higher in group-C (17.28 ± 5.33 hours) as compared to group-B (11.36 ± 4.15 hours) and A (3.2 ± 0.71 hours) as well as group-B was also significantly higher than group-A (p \u3c 0.05). Group-A had significantly higher pain scores than group-B and group-C. Both B and C groups had comparable pain scores, which were statistically significant at 6 and 8 hours.CONCLUSION: Single 0.5 or 1 mg/kg injection of ketamine given before surgical incision by peritonsillar infiltration provides efficient pain relief during postoperative period without significant side-effects in children undergoing tonsillectomy

Application of Blockchain Technology in Energy Sector for Sustainable Future

In old energy control system, there was no freedom for users to sale or purchase energy with their own choice and rate because system was centralized and also there were many issues such as electricity theft cases and losses and burden of these losses directly inculdded in public bills. Now after the introduction of blockchain these issues has been resolved such as the blockchain technology give freedom to user to sale or purchase energy according to the own rate with secure transaction system. The conventional energy system with centralizedcontrol technique fails to resolve many issues such as freedom to user’s to sale or purchase energy in network in secure way and combination of blockchain and Microgrid has all feature to resolve all present isssues. In this paper, the blockchain technology features and application of blockchain with clean energy system will be investigate to provide cheap electricity to users by using Microgrid because Blockchain provide complete solutions for energy distribution and trading. In addition, somemajor present issues will be focus such as low efficiency, losses and ant algorithm model to distribute the energy in the network efficiently

Radiotherapy and Limb-Sparing Surgery in the Management of Localized Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Tertiary Care Center Experience From Pakistan

PURPOSEWhen combined with radiotherapy, limb salvage surgery is an alternative to amputation. This study sought to determine the limb-sparing treatment outcomes in patients diagnosed with soft tissue extremity sarcomas treated at our institution.MATERIALS AND METHODSAll adult patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma treated with the radical limb salvage strategy at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Canter, Lahore, Pakistan, between January 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively assessed.RESULTSA total of 122 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 42 years (range 19-82), and 64 (52.5%) were males. The majority of patients, 65 (53.3%), were diagnosed with stage III and grade III disease according to American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM classification (Eighth edition). The most common surgical modality was wide local excision that was performed in 106 (86.9%) patients. Adjuvant radiation treatment was given in 111 (91%) patients, whereas 11 (9%) patients received neoadjuvant radiation treatment. The mean dose was 58 Gy (range: 46-66 Gy). Eighty-two (67.2%) of the patients were disease-free on post-treatment radiologic scans with disease recurrence observed in 40 (32.8%) patients. The median disease-free survival was 8 months (95% CI, 5.45 to 10.55). Local recurrence and distant metastases developed in 16 (13%) and 24 (20%) patients, respectively.CONCLUSIONAbout two thirds of patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma were successfully treated with limb salvage strategy, surgery, and radiation therapy. However, high rate of relapse warrants further novel strategies in this patient population