Wet and Dry Seasons

ABSTRACT: Hydro-Chemical Studies using regression tests would be efficient operational to save the time and cost, If the regression tests confirmed the correctness of regression analysis. In this study, water quality parameters of Karun river that are varies during a year by flow rate of the river, has been separated in two categories, Wet and Dry Seasons. Water quality and flow rate data were analyzed by using SPSS 18.0 in six regression models from October 1971 to September 2012. The best regression model selected based on the pvalue and the largest adjusted R-Square. Correctness of estimated values was evaluated by using the t-test, in this way residuals of the best model should be distributed normally around zero. The result of statistical analysis showed that obtained regression equation in the Dry Seasons estimates values that are close to reality values at 5% probability level and Inverse regression model is suitable for all parameters except pH and HCO 3 . In the Wet Season, except the Mg, regressions equation had a good performance. Theory of residuals proved that in the Wet Seasons Inverse regression pattern for TDS, EC, SO 4 , Cl, Na and SAR and Logarithmic regression pattern for estimating the HCO 3 values were appropriate but none of the regression models did not have satisfactory for pH and EC

On the use of local and global search paradigms for computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer

Cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases around the world and the most common cancer among women is breast cancer. Although not all the cancer types are curable upon diagnosis, breast cancer can be cured if it is diagnosed early. The most reliable way of diagnosing reast cancer is mammographic screening which can diagnose the disease 1.5 to 4 years before it is clinically diagnosed. Double Reading is the important diagnostic process in which two experts/radiologists should read the same mammogram image to make an accurate diagnosis. But this process is not a cost-effective approach for early detection of breast cancer. Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) can act as the second expert and therefore one expert would be enough for breast cancer diagnosis. In this study, we use the data extracted from low-resolution as well as high resolution mammography images. The attributes extracted from mammographic images are imported into Support Vector Machine (SVM) to classify the patients. An important point about the attributes is that sometimes there may be some irrelevant or even noisy attributes that have negative effect on the classification accuracy. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to apply local and global search paradigms in order to find the best subset of attributes to construct the most accurate CAD system that can effectively distinguish between benign and healthy patients. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) is a population-based swarm intelligence algorithm with good global exploration ability, and Simulated Annealing (SA) is a robust local-search algorithm. Thus, we utilize a hybrid global and local search algorithm (named ABCSA) to simultaneously benefit from the advantages of both ABC and SA. In this approach, ABC is firstly performed for the global exploration in the search space. Then, SA is utilized to search locally in the vicinity of the best solution found via ABC, in order to improve the quality of the final solution. Obtained simulation results over four different mammographic datasets show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing metaheuristic feature selection approaches in terms of minimizing the number of features, while maximizing the detection accuracy

Designing a Resilient–Sustainable Supply Chain Network of Age-Differentiated Blood Platelets Using Vertical–Horizontal Transshipment and Grey Wolf Optimizer

Blood platelets are a typical instance of perishable age-differentiated products with a shelf life of five days (on average), which may lead to significant wastage of some collected samples. At the same time, a shortage of platelets may also be observed because of emergency demands and the limited number of donors, especially during disasters such as wars and the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, developing an efficient blood platelet supply chain management model is highly necessary to reduce shortage and wastage. In this research, an integrated resilient–sustainable supply chain network of perishable age-differentiated platelets considering vertical and horizontal transshipment is designed. In order to achieve sustainability, economic cost, social cost (shortage), and environmental cost (wastage) are taken into account. A reactive resilient strategy utilizing lateral transshipment between hospitals is adopted to make the blood platelet supply chain powerful against shortage and disruption risks. The presented model is solved using a metaheuristic based on a local search-empowered grey wolf optimizer. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed vertical–horizontal transshipment model in reducing total economic cost, shortage, and wastage by 3.61%, 30.1%, and 18.8%, respectively

Detection and amplification of LysM effector genes in F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

During the infection- while the xylem is colonized by the F. oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici (Fol)- several effector proteins have been secreted into the xylem that suppress the plant’s defense response and enable parasitic colonization. So far, 14 effector proteins have been reported in Fol. However, there are no identified domains in their sequences. LysM effector proteins were identified in some plant pathogenic fungi and involved in sequestering chitin oligosaccharides. Here, considering the role of LysM effector proteins in plant-pathogen interactions, we searched for candidate effector proteins possessed Lysin (LysM) domains in the genome of FOL. Hence, the LysM domain was searched in the WGS data bank of Fol using Pfam tool and 17 proteins were identified. Two proteins, Fol-LysM1 and Fol-LysM3, were selected based on low molecular weight and present of signal peptide in their sequences. Prediction of the gene structures preformed using FGENESH tools and domain structures and effector characters including signal peptide, number and position of cysteine residues, disulfide bond connectivity and molecular weight of proteins were predicted. The entire nucleotide sequences of the coding region of their genes were determined by PCR and phylogeny of lysM effector proteins was studied. Furthermore, the domain organization of these proteins was compared with that of other lysM effector proteins. This is a first report of detection of lysM effector genes in Fol

Exploring ion homeostasis and mechanism of salinity tolerance in primary tritipyrum lines (Wheat× Thinopyrum bessarabicum) in the presence of salinity

Abstract Due to lack of water resources in irrigated agriculture, genetically improving plants to abiotic stresses such as salinity is a necessity for food and feed production. In this respect, the new third man-made amphiploid cereal, tritipyrum (2n=6x=42, AABBE , is an example which is capable of tolerating a high level of NaCl. In order to determine the salinity tolerance mechanisms of this new cereal, an experiment was conducted using hydroponic technique. Ten tritipyrum lines and two wheat cultivars were tested under three levels of salinity (50, 100 and 200mM NaCl). The effect of salinity stress on Na + and K + concentration of leaf, shoot and root, proline and chlorophyll content were measured at 50% ear emergence and their grain yield plant -1 was evaluated at physiological maturity. Leaf Na + concentration in tritipyrum lines increased with increasing salinity while K + concentration did not show any especial pattern. The chlorophyll and proline content in tritipyrum lines were higher than that of wheat cultivars. Despite the high sodium concentration in tritipyrum lines in comparison with wheat, the grain yield of tritipyrum lines were less affected than that of wheat. There was also a negative correlation between proline content and grain yield plant -1 in tritipyrum lines. It can be concluded that mechanisms such as higher Na + uptake along with appropriate ion compartmentation could be used by tritipyrum lines to combat with salt stress like some halophytes and it can make tritipyrum lines suitable for planting in saline soils and improving the salinity tolerance of wheat. Keywords: Halophytic wild ancestors, Proline, Salt tolerance mechanism, Tritipyrum. Abbreviations: LNa_ leaf sodium concentration; LK_ leaf potassium concentration; LK:Na or L K + /Na + _ leaf potassium to sodium ratio; SN_ stem sodium concentration; SK_ stem potassium concentration; SK:Na_ stem potassium to sodium ratio; RN_ root sodium concentration; RK_ root potassium concentration; RK:Na_ root potassium to sodium ratio; Chl a_chlorophyll a concentration; Chl b_ chlorophyll b concentration; Chl a/b_ chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b ratio; T Chl_ total chlorophyll; GY_ grain yield plan

Overcoming the UCB HSCs –Derived NK cells Dysfunction through Harnessing RAS/MAPK, IGF-1R and TGF-β Signaling Pathways

Abstract Background The natural killer (NK) cells differentiated from umbilical cord blood (UCB) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) may be more suitable for cell-based immunotherapy compared to the NK cells from adult donors. This is due to the possibility to choose alloreactive donors and potentially more robust in vivo expansion. However, the cytotoxicity of UCB-HSC-derived NK cells against cancer cells might be suboptimal. To overcome this obstacle, we attempted to generate NK cells with potent antitumor activity by targeting RAS/MAPK, IGF-1R and TGF-β signaling pathways using IL-15, IGF-1 and SIS3 respectively. Methods The CD34 + cells were isolated from human UCB mononuclear cells through magnetic activation cell sorting (MACS) with purity of (≥ 90%) and were subjected to differentiate into NK cells. After 21 days of induction with SFTG36 (SCF, FLt-3L, TPO, GM-CSF, IL-3 and IL-6), IS721 (IGF-1, SIS3, IL-7 and IL-21) and IL-15/Hsp70 media, NK cells phenotypes were studied and their cytotoxicity against K562 human erythroleukemia cells and SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma cells was analyzed. Results The NK cells induced in SFTG36/IS721 medium were selected for activation due to their higher expression of CD56 + 16 + CD3 −  (93.23% ± 0.75) and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of NKG2D + (168.66 ± 20.00) and also a higher fold expansion potential (11.893 ± 1.712) compared to the other groups. These cells once activated with IL-15, demonstrated a higher cytotoxicity against K562 (≥ 90%; P ≤ 0.001) and SKOV3 tumor cells (≥ 65%; P ≤ 0.001) compared to IL-15/Hsp70-activated NK cells. Conclusions The differentiation of ex vivo expanded CD34 + cells through manipulation of RAS/MAPK, IGF-1R and TGF-β signaling pathways is an efficient approach for generating functional NK cells that can be used for cancer immunotherapy