Proceedings: ISAIA 2018 The 12th International Symposium on Architectural Exchanges in Asia

addressing housing problems in Japan, including the extreme individualization of private housing that proliferated in the postwar period, and the diminishing supply of social housing due to the marketization of the Japanese housing system. However, ‘cooperative jutaku’ remains a small sector, and studies have not examined the constraints to its more widespread application. An international review of what constitutes ‘cooperative housing’ is necessary to clarify the issues and constraints regarding its greater use in Japan. As a first step, this paper attempts to reveal differences in the Japanese and Western terminology and concepts of ‘cooperative housing’. It reveals that ‘cooperative jutaku’, while having some concepts in common with the Western ‘cohousing’, ‘collaborative housing' and so on, needs to be differentiated from ‘cooperative housing’. It concludes that‘cooperative jutaku’ is a kind of ‘cohousing’ emphasizing residents’ collaboration as a group in the planning and building process that is better understood, in English, as a ‘building cooperative’. It is suggestedtherefore not to translate ‘cooperative jutaku’ as ‘cooperative housing’ but rather to use the Japanese term to clarify the differenc