ILR Impact Brief - Collective Bargaining Remains the Linchpin of Worker Representation

[Excerpt] The decline in union density and collective bargaining coverage has created a representation gap that civil society organizations only partially bridge. Their offer of mutual insurance and political and legal advocacy on issues of concern to workers is no substitute for collective bargaining, a function that resides entirely within the union portfolio. Growing wage inequality is the clearest indication that representation without bargaining provides workers little protection against the power of employers and “the state.” Alliances between unions and civil society organizations may help labor reach potential members and advance workers’ non-bargaining interests

Specific-to-General Learning for Temporal Events with Application to Learning Event Definitions from Video

We develop, analyze, and evaluate a novel, supervised, specific-to-general learner for a simple temporal logic and use the resulting algorithm to learn visual event definitions from video sequences. First, we introduce a simple, propositional, temporal, event-description language called AMA that is sufficiently expressive to represent many events yet sufficiently restrictive to support learning. We then give algorithms, along with lower and upper complexity bounds, for the subsumption and generalization problems for AMA formulas. We present a positive-examples--only specific-to-general learning method based on these algorithms. We also present a polynomial-time--computable ``syntactic'' subsumption test that implies semantic subsumption without being equivalent to it. A generalization algorithm based on syntactic subsumption can be used in place of semantic generalization to improve the asymptotic complexity of the resulting learning algorithm. Finally, we apply this algorithm to the task of learning relational event definitions from video and show that it yields definitions that are competitive with hand-coded ones

Reinvigorating Englewood, Chicago Through New Public Spaces and Mixed-Income Housing

At the start of the second industrial revolution, Chicago was home to many workers from the Union Stock Yard meat packing industry located in what is now known as the Back of the Yards neighborhood. As business grew, so did the need for housing, leading to the development of a new neighborhood, Englewood. For years, the neighborhood was prosperous and was home to the second largest business corridor in the city. During the Great Migration, much of that changed. Racially Restrictive Covenants forced African Americans to live in the Black Belt, and the eastern side of Englewood slowly transformed, paving the way for the prominently African American community that exists in Englewood today. Inevitably, due to disinvestment stemming from harsh FHA sanctioned policy during the Great Migration, the town began to deteriorate, and has remained in a state of decay for decades. Businesses and residences were abandoned and much of the neighborhood is desolate. The economy is stagnant, and many of the residents remain unemployed. The crime rate is amongst the worst in the city, and gang violence plagues the streets at night. Englewood has fallen victim to many urban ills. The goal of this project is to reverse some of those issues through designing new public spaces and Mixed-Income Housing. In providing the residents of Englewood with safe outdoor recreational spaces, a local source of healthy food, community gardens and markets, equal opportunity housing, job opportunity and social services, the community will be given the tools to repair itself. The question remains: What will attract local residents and small business owners from across the entire neighborhood of Englewood, what will keep them safe? What will keep them connected

P-12 A study on the relationship between GRE Scores of Pre-Physical Therapy Students and National Physical Therapy Examination Scores: A Retrospective Study of One Midwestern Physical Therapy Program

Background: This study explored relationships between Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) scores. Methodology: This is a retrospective correlational design utilizing a purposive sample (n = 102) of Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students from three consecutive cohorts. Correlations were examined between GRE Verbal (GREV), GRE Quantitative (GREQ), and GRE Total (GRET) scores with the NPTE pass rate utilizing a Spearman rho correlation coefficient. Discriminant analysis was used to calculate the cut-off score that would correlate with a passing score of 600 on the NPTE. Results: The results showed a weak, but significant correlation between GREV and NPTE scores (r = .454, p \u3c .001), GREQ and NPTE scores (r = .420, p \u3c .001) and GRET and NPTE scores (r = .484. p \u3c .001). Discriminant analysis revealed cut-off scores for GREV (450), GREQ (540), and GRET (980). Conclusion: The cut-off score results from this study reflect an acceptable pass rate according to the Commission on Accreditation of Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) Programs and the program goals for this institution. The significant correlations may be considered by the faculty of this DPT program when admitting students

A consideration of the qualities which contribute to the effectiveness of the speeches of Franklin Delano Roosevelt

This study proposes to analyze the qualities of Franklin Delano Roosevelt\u27s speeches as determined through a general survey of his speeches and a particular study of those of 1941. As President Roosevelt is considered an effective speaker of the day, a consideration of those qualities of composition, delivery and audience reaction which have contributed to the effectiveness of his speeches should have value. The year 1941 was selected because it was decisive year in the destiny of our country and as such affected his speeches

“Django’s Tiger”: From Jazz to Jazz Manouche

Jazz manouche, a contemporary musical genre originally inspired by the European Romani guitarist Django Reinhardt (1910–53), provides a fruitful case study for exploring the conceptual transformations and contradictions inherent within any “invented tradition.” This article’s point of departure is Reinhardt’s original composition “Django’s Tiger,” which today’s musicians typically perform with slightly different harmonies from those heard on the guitarist’s original 1946 recording. Consequently, an informant declared that the original version now “sounds wrong”—a considerable irony given that jazz manouche players typically regard Reinhardt’s own music with extraordinary reverence. The musical discrepancies in question, which stem from a mishearing, are indicative of a significant change in jazz manouche’s modes of transmission. Musicians once learned mainly by imitating Reinhardt’s recordings; “Django’s Tiger’s” customary chord changes are today based on his 1946 melodic improvisation rather than on its underlying harmonies. Since the 1990s, however, jazz manouche has increasingly spread via oral transmission and electronic media. Nonetheless, the history of “Django’ Tiger” suggests that the principal dissimilarities between today’s idiom and Reinhardt’s own music are not musical but ontological and epistemological: evanescent improvisations have been transmuted into fixed pieces and individual stylistic idiosyncrasies have become classicized orthodoxies. Especially revealing are the moments when these conflicting epistemologies have tangible musical consequences, such as when contemporary jazz manouche guitarist Adrien Moignard attempts to replicate the melody of Reinhardt’s original “Django’s Tiger” solo against the modified contemporary harmonies, an endeavor that has to be abruptly truncated to avoid yielding musical incoherence