The effect of ultrasound on the treatment of domestic wastewater from organic and biological contamination

The effectiveness of the uses of ultrasonic cavitation for wastewater treatment has been investigated. The influence of the gases of different nature (nitrogen, oxygen, air, mixture of nitrogen and oxygen gases in the ratio of 1:1) on the destruction of organic and biological contaminants has been carried out. It is confirmed that ultrasound cavitation increases the purification effect of gases. It is established that the deepest purification from organic contaminants was achieved by the common action of air with ultrasound, the degree of water purification from organic compounds being 80% and from biological contaminants – by the common action of nitrogen with ultrasound – the degree of water purification from biological compounds being 99,5%. The effective rate constant was calculated

Utjecaj ultrazvučne kavitacije na razgradnju organskih tvari iz otpadnih voda farmaceutske industrije

The influence of ultrasound cavitation in the atmosphere of different gases, namely oxygen, air, and nitrogen, on the destruction of impurities of butanol and ethanol found in wastewater from the pharmaceutical plant “Galichpharm” was investigated. The effect of the corresponding gases (oxygen, nitrogen, and air) without ultrasound cavitation on the destruction of ethanol and butanol impurities in wastewater was comparatively investigated. The degree of oxidation of organic matter, effective rate constants, and approximation coefficients were calculated. It was found that the air supply is the least effective for both ethanol and butanol impurities. Degradation of ethanol by air contributed to the reduction in the organic matter content by 14.6 %, while oxidation of butanol was not observed. Ultrasound cavitation enhanced the effect of air and in common action with air the ethanol impurity content reduced by 32.58 %, and butanol impurity by 4.05 %. Nitrogen bubbling produced mediocre results for the destruction of ethanol and butanol impurities giving a decrease by 17.04 % and 0.67 %, respectively. The highest results were obtained with oxygen. Ethanol impurities decreased by 22.47 % and butanol impurities by 1.75 %. With the common action of oxygen and ultrasound, much higher results were obtained, 44.32 % for ethanol impurities and 7.43 % for butanol impurities. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Ispitan je utjecaj ultrazvučne kavitacije u atmosferi različitih plinova (kisika, zraka i dušika) na razgradnju onečišćujućih tvari butanola i etanola farmaceutskih otpadnih voda tvornice “Galichpharm”. Usporedno je ispitan i utjecaj kisika, dušika i zraka bez ultrazvučne kavitacije na uklanjanje onečišćujućih tvari etanola i butanola u otpadnim vodama. Izračunati su stupanj oksidacije organskih tvari, efektivne konstante brzine i koeficijenti aproksimacije. Otkriveno je da je dovod zraka najmanje učinkovit za onečišćujuće tvari etanola i butanola. Oksidacija etanola zrakom doprinosi smanjenju sadržaja organskih tvari za 14,6 %, dok oksidacija butanola nije promatrana. Ultrazvučna kavitacija pojačala je učinak zraka i u zajedničkom djelovanju sa zrakom sadržaj nečistoća etanola smanjen je za 32,58 %, a butanola za 4,05 %. Uvođenje mjehurića dušika kod razgradnje nečistoća etanola i butanola dalo je osrednje rezultate te je utjecalo na smanjenje od 17,04 % i 0,67 %. Najviši rezultati postignuti su kisikom. Nečistoće etanola smanjile su se za 22,47 %, a nečistoće butanola za 1,75 %. Uobičajenim djelovanjem kisika i ultrazvuka dobiveni su znatno viši rezultati – za nečistoće etanola 44,32 %, a za nečistoće butanola 7,43 %. Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna

Psychology of Mobbing as a Form of Conflict in the Workplace: Finding and Testing Project-Based Learning in Students’ Education

Project-based learning has long been used in universities when preparing students. However, project-based technologies are currently being increasingly used in work with students. The authors found various options for the application of these technologies in teaching psychological and pedagogical disciplines. The research aims to determine the practice of implementing project-based learning to provide a deeper practice-oriented understanding of academic disciplines. The authors use a set of methods of theoretical analysis and practical psychological techniques. The authors present the research results in the form of several generalizations. The first one concerns the fact that mobbing has recently become a stable trend in teams; a conflict often manifests itself in the form of mobbing. The study of various organizational cultures and their models shows that the optimal and morally oriented model of organizational culture is the barrier preventing the development of mobbing in the company. The practical application of the developed theory provides methodological support for training a successful specialist

Controlling methods of buildings’ energy performance characteristics

The comparison of energy audit regulatory documents results in the great difference of method holding description and the amount of modern energy investigation techniques in domestic and foreign practices. The most common are two methods: thermovision inspection and the Blower Door system. The collation of inspection data proved the necessity of the introduction on a mandatory basis method using Blower Door. The comparison of energy audit holding parameters in Russia, the USA and Europe showed the difference in the structured approach to this problem

Biologically active substances of new marjoram varieties and prospects for their use

Biologically active substances, essential oils, and plant extracts were studied obtained from new high-yield varieties of Origanum vulgare L. (Raduga, Belaya Ptitsa, Krymchanka) and Origanum tyttanthum Contsch. (Alcina) of the GSBSI “NBG – NSC RAS” breeding. It was found that the O. vulgare variety Belaya Ptitsa was distinguished by the content of essential oil, the main component of which was carvacrol. The maximum total content of phenolic substances and flavonoids was distinguished by an alcoholic extract from the O. tyttanthum variety. Neochlorogenic and rosemary acids, apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside, carvacrol, and thymol were identified in extracts of all the studied marjoram varieties. It is shown that the vegetable raw material O. vulgare cv “Belaya Ptica” is promising for the production of essential oil with a high content of carvacrol, and O. tyttanthum cv “ can serve as a raw source of rosemary acid

The Psycholinguistic Standpoints in English Speech Activity

The correlation between English speech activity and psycholinguistic standpoints of foreign language learning has been shown as well as the empirical analysis of their connection has been conducted. The purpose of the article is to identify the correlation between English speech activity and psycholinguistic standpoints. The theoretical, empirical, statistical methods have been used to reach the purpose. To check the effectiveness of applying psycholinguistic principles to English speech activity the empirical (diagnostic) methods such as testing (oral and written), observation, and discussion were used. The pedagogical experiment with the students of H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University and Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University was also conducted. The pedagogical experiment showed the effectiveness of developing English speech activity based on the psycholinguistic standpoints. The statistical methods helped to evaluate the results of the pedagogical experiment. Apprehending the correlation between psycholinguistic standpoints and English speech activity (Speaking, Reading, Listening, and Writing) training is really topical since it helps to define the most effective methods of the foreign language teaching and learning. The psycholinguistic components (motivational and cognitive, analytical and technological, reflexive, emotional and evaluation ones) have been described from the standpoint of psycholinguistics. All types of English speech activity have been researched as for their correlation with psycholinguistic components

Spatial aspects of modernization of regional tourist systems

In the conditions of transition of social systems to new technological ways and economy of knowledge the question of definition of directions of development of nonproductive sphere becomes especially relevant. Such areas can be successfully justified using the concept of innovative development. However, innovative development, emphasizing the priorities of innovation management at different hierarchical levels of economic systems can not simultaneously change the structure and direction of development of the system. The process of innovative development is continued and often covers only the latest types of economic activity, slightly exaggerating their prospects and economic efficiency (Tymchyshyn-Chemeris, 2015). At the same time, traditional approaches used in a number of industries also need to be revised and improved (Leiper, 1979; Porter, 1990; Cherchyk, 2012). Issues that arise in this context go beyond the traditional understanding of innovation and require new approaches, which, for example, in the field of tourism, should be interpreted within the concept of modernization (Holod, 2017), in particular on the basis of a systematic approach. Important for the field of tourism is the spatial dimension of modernization processes, which is in the center of attention of some scientists (Dmytryshyn, Pavlyuk, 2014; Kozhukhivska, 2018), but its research has not yet acquired a systemic nature and has no established methodological basis (Vinichenko et al., 2018c).The relevance of the research is due to the need to form a methodological basis for research on the spatial dimension of modernization processes in the tourism sector of the region, which due to the current global threats are of particular importance. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and methodological foundations for the study of spatial patterns of modernization of the tourism sector of the region from the standpoint of a systematic approach. The key in the research are the system approach, as well as the modernization paradigm of regional development, which allow to form a comprehensive concept of spatial development of tourism in the region. The article formulates the main provisions of the spatial dimension of modernization processes in the region; the stages of recreational development of the territory are singled out; the interrelations between the development of tourism and the processes of urbanization are analyzed; the essence of tourist clustering is substantiated and the principles of cluster formation in this sphere are singled out; the effect of “expansion” of tourist space in destinations is characterized. The results of the study can be useful for scientists researching the spatial aspects of tourism development as a type of economic activity and as a social phenomenon at the regional level, as well as for practitioners of state and regional government, representatives of the tourism business

Infection of Semen-Producing Organs by SIV during the Acute and Chronic Stages of the Disease

International audienceBACKGROUND: Although indirect evidence suggests the male genital tract as a possible source of persistent HIV shedding in semen during antiretroviral therapy, this phenomenon is poorly understood due to the difficulty of sampling semen-producing organs in HIV+ asymptomatic individuals. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using a range of molecular and cell biological techniques, this study investigates SIV infection within reproductive organs of macaques during the acute and chronic stages of the disease. We demonstrate for the first time the presence of SIV in the testes, epididymides, prostate and seminal vesicles as early as 14 days post-inoculation. This infection persists throughout the chronic stage and positively correlates with blood viremia. The prostate and seminal vesicles appear to be the most efficiently infected reproductive organs, followed by the epididymides and testes. Within the male genital tract, mostly T lymphocytes and a small number of germ cells harbour SIV antigens and RNA. In contrast to the other organs studied, the testis does not display an immune response to the infection. Testosteronemia is transiently increased during the early phase of the infection but spermatogenesis remains unaffected. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The present study reveals that SIV infection of the macaque male genital tract is an early event and that semen-producing organs display differential infection levels and immune responses. These results help elucidate the origin of HIV in semen and constitute an essential base to improving the design of antiretroviral therapies to eradicate virus from semen