Эффективность Hain MTBDR в определении устойчивости M. Tuberculosis к противотуберкулезным препаратам.

Eficacitatea Hain MTBDR în determinarea rezistenței M. Tuberculoza la medicamente anti-tuberculoaseAccording to the WHO, about 10 million people fall ill with tuberculosis every year, 1.2-1.4 million of them die. Drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis make a significant contribution to this statistic - 483,000-639,000 new cases of multidrugresistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant (XDR-TB) tuberculosis are recorded annually. This study was performed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of molecular-genetic diagnostic method Hain MTBDR in comparison to cultural methods of determining M. tuberculosis drug resistance. Materials and methods. 3527 sputum specimens from TB patients were investigated by Hain MTBDR and cultural methods (BACTEC and solid Lowenstein-Jensen medium) during 2018-2019. Results. 25 inconsistencies were found between the results of Hain MTBDR and cultural methods, which accounted for 0.7% of all tests performed. The sensitivity of Hain MTBDR in this study was 99.7%, and specificity - 99.6%. Most of the inconsistencies in the results of molecular genetic and cultural research methods (12 cases) accounted for the determination of resistance to fluoroquinolones. Of these, mutations in the gyrA gene were found in 10 cases, corresponding to resistance to fluoroquinolones, which were not confirmed subsequently. Conclusions. Hain MTBDR is a fast, highly sensitive, highly specific and relatively economical method for diagnosing drug resistance of M. tuberculosis.Эффективность Hain MTBDR в определении устойчивости M. Tuberculosis к противотуберкулезным препаратам

ACTING MASTERY: THE MODERN DIMENSION

Contemporary dimensions of acting are analyzed in the article. The problem of teaching acting has always been relevant. The complexity of the subject lies in the fact that it is at the intersection of dramatic and choreographic art. There is a lot in common between them, and in many ways, ballet theater draws on the experience of drama theater. However, certain aspects show the fundamental difference between ballet theater and drama. That is why teaching the discipline "Theory and Practice of Acting" imposes specific requirements on educators: it is essential to know and understand the purpose and specifics of the laws of directing and dramaturgy of the drama theater. Moreover, it is equally important to know and understand the specifics of directing and dramaturgy of the ballet theater. In our opinion, an acting teacher should be a director, playwright, choreographer, and performer with practical stage experience at the same time. Acting skills in ballet theater, folk and pop dance, contemporary choreography, children's play dance, etc. are of fundamental importance. Creating images, the ability to convey feelings, thoughts, states, interaction with partners, and emotional communication with the audience - dance cannot exist without all of this. After all, dance, like art in general, is one of the means of communication between people, a way of interacting with the world. It allows one to manifest and express oneself, thoughts about reality, and one's place in it, both in the dance itself and during the training of professional dancers.Â

Peculiarities of international and national legislation and modern activity of leading companies in the extraction of colored gems

Purpose. Study the impact of the peculiarities of international and national legislation in the field of colored gems mining on the success of the world's leading companies in order to activate the gemstone market in Ukraine. Methodology.Researches were performed by analyzing information from open sources, both scientific publications and annual reports of companies

PECULIARIDADES NEUROPSICOLÓGICAS DAS FUNÇÕES COGNITIVAS DE ALUNOS JÚNIORES COM DIFICULDADES DE FALA

The connection between speech and cognitive impairments may be the key to understanding more general mechanisms of children's brain development. The identification, analysis, and understanding of speech impairments open up opportunities for the development of new teaching methods, rehabilitation programs, and support for children and their families in overcoming such difficulties. Particular attention should be paid to a multidisciplinary approach to the study of this issue. This approach combines the efforts of psychologists, educators, speech therapists, and medical professionals. This study aimed to investigate the neuropsychological features of cognitive functions of junior pupils with speech impairment. The research employed a comprehensive methodology based on neuropsychological tests and theoretical studies. The authors found that speech disorders among junior pupils indicate the presence of speech difficulties. Moreover, they can also be indicators of certain cognitive developmental disorders. Such peculiarities in speech and cognitive functions can lead to problems in learning, social integration, and emotional well-being. A timely detection of these features and their subsequent correction are the keys to ensuring optimal conditions for the child's development and successful societal adaptation. The main value of this study comes from the fact that it offers a holistic view of the problem. Moreover, it focuses on the broad context of influence shaping speech and cognitive development. The article is recommended for consideration by specialists in the fields of education, psychology, and medicine who are interested in expanding their knowledge and improving their practical skills in working with children with special needs.A conexão entre a fala e as deficiências cognitivas pode ser a chave para a compreensão dos mecanismos mais gerais do desenvolvimento do cérebro das crianças. A identificação, análise e compreensão das deficiências de fala abrem oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de novos métodos de ensino, programas de reabilitação e apoio às crianças e suas famílias na superação de tais dificuldades. Deve ser dada especial atenção a uma abordagem multidisciplinar ao estudo desta questão. Essa abordagem combina os esforços de psicólogos, educadores, fonoaudiólogos e profissionais médicos. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as características neuropsicológicas das funções cognitivas de alunos do ensino fundamental com comprometimento de fala. A pesquisa empregou uma metodologia abrangente baseada em testes neuropsicológicos e estudos teóricos. Os autores descobriram que os distúrbios de fala entre os alunos do ensino fundamental indicam a presença de dificuldades de fala. Além disso, também podem ser indicadores de certos distúrbios do desenvolvimento cognitivo. Tais peculiaridades na fala e nas funções cognitivas podem levar a problemas de aprendizagem, integração social e bem-estar emocional. A detecção atempada destas características e a sua subsequente correcção são a chave para garantir condições óptimas para o desenvolvimento da criança e uma adaptação social bem sucedida. O principal valor deste estudo vem do fato de oferecer uma visão holística do problema. Além disso, concentra-se no amplo contexto de influência que molda a fala e o desenvolvimento cognitivo. O artigo é recomendado para apreciação de especialistas das áreas de educação, psicologia e medicina que tenham interesse em ampliar seus conhecimentos e aprimorar suas habilidades práticas no trabalho com crianças com necessidades especiais

Suicide among minors in Ukraine: Manifestations and ways to prevent

The article aims to find out the essentiality of such a concept as “juvenile suicide” and the search for ways to prevent it. The object of the study is social relations in the field of combating suicide among minors. During the research, the authors used a particular set of general scientific and unique scientific methods, which ensured the objectivity of the display of the research subject: the comparative legal method, the method of formal logic, the comparison method, and the hypothetical-deductive method. There is much work to improve suicide prevention methods among minors in Ukraine but using foreign experience and the help of other countries, our state can create a reliable and effective program, which the authors are sure, will reduce the risk of suicide among people under the age of 18. It should also be noted that preventing suicides among minors needs attention from both: the state and society because it is possible to overcome manifestations of suicidal behaviour and, in the future, to save many young lives only. The main areas of improvement of legislation aimed at combating suicide of minors have been formed. In addition, developing a criminological program to combat suicides of minors is socially determined

Methods of the Objects Identification and Recognition Research in the Networks with the IoT Concept Support

An emergence of intelligent devices, a large number of sensors, the issue of their identification and interaction becomes relevant in the era of information technologies development. A control object, a structural diagram of an identification system, an algorithm for the correlation method of identification have been considered in the article, and a general idea of managing the process of recognizing an information network object has been given

Hash search organization in e-dictionaries using block ciphers

The article is devoted to the problem of developing high-speed electronic dictionaries for systems computer translation. The method of organizing a high-speed electronic dictionary based on an ideal hash addressing, where the cryptographic cipher block acts as a hash transformation is proposed. This method was developed taking into account the multilevel memory structure of modern computer systems. It was testified theoretically and experimentally that the proposed organization of electronic dictionaries guarantees at least twice higher search rate compared to known technologies

Study of the efficiency of sweet potato growing in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine by different methods of soil mulching

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a new crop for soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine, the active implementation of which is hindered by the lack of recommendations on technological aspects of cultivation. One of the important technological measures for growing sweet potatoes is the use of soil mulching, which improves the water regime and regulates the thermal regime of the soil; prevention of weed growth and growth of sweet potato shoots to the soil. Thus, the aim of the research is to determine the efficiency of growing sweet potatoes in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine by different methods of soil mulching. Field research was carried out on typical low-humus light loamy chernozem on loess loam. It was noted, that when growing sweet potatoes on ridges, the introduction of mulching the soil with black polyethylene film provides more active growth of the vegetative mass throughout the growing season (5.33 shoots/plant with a total length of 252.1 cm), while growing without ridges has a positive effect on plants growth due to the general absence of mulch (2.53 shoots/plant with a total length of 107.8 cm). The use of ridges and mulching the soil with black polyethylene film causes the yield of sweet potato tubers at 34.8 t/ha, while the mulching of the soil with straw, the yield was 18.3–21.9 t/ha, without mulching – 13.0–17, 1 t/ha. Mulching with black polyethylene film ensures the accumulation of vitamin C and starch in sweet potato tubers. When growing the culture on ridges by this method of mulching, the maximum level of vitamin C according to the experiment (4.78 mg/100 g) and starch (11.73 %) was noted. The introduction of mulching and ridge formation involves additional material and labor costs, but helps to reduce weed control and tuber digging costs. When growing sweet potatoes on ridges with mulching with black polyethylene film, the minimum additional labor costs for the formation of a unit of yield (1.95 man-minutes/kg of tubers) were noted, while without mulching and without ridges this figure was 6.76 man-minute/kgSweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a new crop for soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine, the active implementation of which is hindered by the lack of recommendations on technological aspects of cultivation. One of the important technological measures for growing sweet potatoes is the use of soil mulching, which improves the water regime and regulates the thermal regime of the soil; prevention of weed growth and growth of sweet potato shoots to the soil. Thus, the aim of the research is to determine the efficiency of growing sweet potatoes in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine by different methods of soil mulching. Field research was carried out on typical low-humus light loamy chernozem on loess loam. It was noted, that when growing sweet potatoes on ridges, the introduction of mulching the soil with black polyethylene film provides more active growth of the vegetative mass throughout the growing season (5.33 shoots/plant with a total length of 252.1 cm), while growing without ridges has a positive effect on plants growth due to the general absence of mulch (2.53 shoots/plant with a total length of 107.8 cm). The use of ridges and mulching the soil with black polyethylene film causes the yield of sweet potato tubers at 34.8 t/ha, while the mulching of the soil with straw, the yield was 18.3–21.9 t/ha, without mulching – 13.0–17, 1 t/ha. Mulching with black polyethylene film ensures the accumulation of vitamin C and starch in sweet potato tubers. When growing the culture on ridges by this method of mulching, the maximum level of vitamin C according to the experiment (4.78 mg/100 g) and starch (11.73 %) was noted. The introduction of mulching and ridge formation involves additional material and labor costs, but helps to reduce weed control and tuber digging costs. When growing sweet potatoes on ridges with mulching with black polyethylene film, the minimum additional labor costs for the formation of a unit of yield (1.95 man-minutes/kg of tubers) were noted, while without mulching and without ridges this figure was 6.76 man-minute/k

Neuropsychological peculiarities of cognitive functions of speech-impaired junior pupils

A conexão entre a fala e as deficiências cognitivas pode ser a chave para a compreensão dos mecanismos mais gerais do desenvolvimento do cérebro das crianças. A identificação, análise e compreensão das deficiências de fala abrem oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de novos métodos de ensino, programas de reabilitação e apoio às crianças e suas famílias na superação de tais dificuldades. Deve ser dada especial atenção a uma abordagem multidisciplinar ao estudo desta questão. Essa abordagem combina os esforços de psicólogos, educadores, fonoaudiólogos e profissionais médicos. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as características neuropsicológicas das funções cognitivas de alunos do ensino fundamental com comprometimento de fala. A pesquisa empregou uma metodologia abrangente baseada em testes neuropsicológicos e estudos teóricos. Os autores descobriram que os distúrbios de fala entre os alunos do ensino fundamental indicam a presença de dificuldades de fala. Além disso, também podem ser indicadores de certos distúrbios do desenvolvimento cognitivo. Tais peculiaridades na fala e nas funções cognitivas podem levar a problemas de aprendizagem, integração social e bem-estar emocional. A detecção atempada destas características e a sua subsequente correcção são a chave para garantir condições óptimas para o desenvolvimento da criança e uma adaptação social bem sucedida. O principal valor deste estudo vem do fato de oferecer uma visão holística do problema. Além disso, concentra-se no amplo contexto de influência que molda a fala e o desenvolvimento cognitivo. O artigo é recomendado para apreciação de especialistas das áreas de educação, psicologia e medicina que tenham interesse em ampliar seus conhecimentos e aprimorar suas habilidades práticas no trabalho com crianças com necessidades especiais

FACTORS FOR CHOOSING OF INVESTMENT MODELS BY ASIAN COMPANIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION AREA OF GLOBAL BUSINESS INITIATIVES

The development of the community of the common destiny of mankind has great investment potential, the full disclosure of which depends on the effective cooperation not only of states but also of the corporate sector, especially in a cross-border format. The article argues for the need to develop the internal potential of Asian companies against the background of strengthening international economic ties and improving the investment climate of countries participating in investment processes. The example of China's investment activity in Asian countries shows that, despite global crisis phenomena and upheavals, a grandiose potential has been formed for the implementation of important global initiatives, the most powerful of which scientists, practitioners and even politicians rightly consider the "One Belt One Road" project. Large-scale foreign investments and the choice of appropriate methods of cross-border entry into markets of potential investment interest have a decisive influence on the success of large Chinese enterprises in the context of the development and implementation of this project. At the same time, the authors emphasize the choice of such methods of investment interaction as mergers and acquisitions (M&A) or greenfield investments. Based on the use of economic and mathematical modelling, the authors demonstrated the influence of internal and external factors on the choice of investment method by large Chinese companies in countries that are promising partners in the implementation of China's global initiative "One Belt One Road". The analysis of the potential for investment begins with the division of factors into two conditional groups, on the one hand, it is about the intra-corporate potential in the composition of the factors of strategic assets, technical capabilities, international experience, capabilities of enterprise management and the scale of the enterprise. On the other hand, the external environment is taken into account, the analytical assessment of which is based on the index of infrastructure development of the host country, control over capital and the value of cultural distance. Considering the research interest, as part of the analysis of the investment potential for cross-border interaction, such countries as India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Kazakhstan and Vietnam along the route were selected. Through the quantitative analysis of 108 investment projects in 6 countries, a benchmark for the entry of foreign investment by Chinese large enterprises through mergers and acquisitions (M&A) or greenfield investment has been obtained