Tubule density at different sample sites around the stratum medium of horse hoof horn

Microscopic analysis shows that equine hoof wall is composed of distinct phases of tubular and intertubular horn. The tubule density (TD) of hoof horn is found by ascertaining the number of tubules per unit area and is believed to relate to mechanical properties, resistance to wear, “quality”, hardness and moisture content. The straight grid previously used to ascertain the TD of hoof horn may omit certain tubules on both the inner and outer hoof wall as the wall itself is curved. This present study examined whether there was a significant difference in results for TD between using the conventional straight grid method and a novel method using a curved grid. TD was also compared across three sample sites. An analysis of TD from four equal sections (zones) across the hoof wall was also carried out

A Morphological and Histological and Histochemical Study of the Intracellular Inclusion Bodies in the Intestingal Epithemium of the Prenatal and Postnatal Rat

A morphological and histochemical study of the epithelium of the small intestine of the developing rat was performed using the following techniques: (1) hematoxylin and eosin; (2) periodic acid-Schiff; (3) Alcian blue; (4) alkaline phosphates; (5) acid phosphates; (6) non-specif esterace; and (7) leucine aminopeptidase. In addition to those listed above, other reactions were performed including: (1) dihydroxy-dinaphthyl-disulphide; (2) alloxan-Schiff; (3) nile blue sulfate; (4) Ziehl-Neelsen method for acid fastness; (5) Feulgen; and (6) succinic dehydrogenace. To provide a means of demonstrating whether swallowed amniotic fluid is absorbed by the fetal intestine, a colloidal iron preparation was injected into the amniotic cavity of fetal animals. Following this procedure, sections of the intestinal tissues of these animals were treated with the Prussian blue reaction to demonstrate the course taken by the iron containing material. During the fetal developmental period, the intestinal epithelium consisted of a stratified layer of cells at 16 and 17 days gestation. In the 18 day old fetuses, the epithelium in the cephalic portion of the small intestine had transformed to the simple columnar type and by 20 days gestation, transition was complete along the entire small intestine. Beginning with the 19 day old fetuses, small, PAS-positive droplets accumulated in the supranuclear cytoplasm of the columnar cells. Similarly, granules or droplets containing iron were demonstrated in the same portion of these cells in animals which had received iron by the intraamniotic route. In the postnatal animals, large supranuclear inclusion bodies were present in the columnar absorptive cells of the ileum and jejunum from 1 day to approximately 20 days of age at which time they disappeared. All of these instructures were PAS positive and Alcian blue negative and contained no succinic dehydrogenase. The largest of these bodies gave positive reactions for lipofuscins, sulfhydryl groups, and amino groups producing characteristics similar to meconium corpuscles described in the human fetus. In regard to the enzyme technique, strong reactions with the acid and alkaline phosphatase and the non-specific esterase procedures were obtained in the intracellular inclusion bodies of the suckling animals. In the developmental process, non-specific esterase, acid and alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase enzyme activities appeared in the intestinal epithelial cells at 17, 18, and 19 days gestation, respectively. At the onset, the esterase enzyme was localized in the form of scattered deposits in the basal portions of the epithelium which was later replaced by the zone of activity in the supranuclear cytoplasm of the villus epithelium. The phosphatases and amino-peptidase were localized in the cuticular border of the columnar cells in all segments of of the small intestine by birth. In the postnatal animals, alkaline phosphatase showed little change in activity in the striate border following birth, whereas definite decreases in the activity of acid phosphatase and aminopeptidase occurred in that portion of the cells. At weaning a transition occurred in which the pattern of distribution of all enzyme studied changed to the adult configuration. On the basis of the results of the present study and information obtained from other studies in this area, the following con elusions were made: (1) the intestine of the fetal rat absorbs material from swallowed amniotic fluid; (2) the enzyme of the intestinal epithelium became active before birth; (3) the intrace llular inclusion bodies appeared to be related to lysosomes; (4) the morphological and histochemical characteristics of the inclusion bodies of the intestinal epithelium of the suckling rat were very similar to meconium corpuscles previously described in the human fetus; and (5) the inclusion bodies represented a developmental adaptation occurring during a certain period of ontogeny

Using Variable Interval Reinforcement Schedules to Support Students in the Classroom: An Introduction With Illustrative Examples

When behaviors are reinforced with a variable interval reinforcement schedule, reinforcement is available only after an unknown period of time. These types of reinforcement schedules are most useful for reinforcing slow and steady responding and for differentially reinforcing behaviors that are incompatible with some problematic behaviors. This review helps define variable interval reinforcement schedules, uses the example of a strategy to manage thumb-sucking behavior to illustrate the implementation of these schedules, and describes potential applications in school and clinical settings

PatientExploreR: an extensible application for dynamic visualization of patient clinical history from electronic health records in the OMOP common data model.

MotivationElectronic health records (EHRs) are quickly becoming omnipresent in healthcare, but interoperability issues and technical demands limit their use for biomedical and clinical research. Interactive and flexible software that interfaces directly with EHR data structured around a common data model (CDM) could accelerate more EHR-based research by making the data more accessible to researchers who lack computational expertise and/or domain knowledge.ResultsWe present PatientExploreR, an extensible application built on the R/Shiny framework that interfaces with a relational database of EHR data in the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership CDM format. PatientExploreR produces patient-level interactive and dynamic reports and facilitates visualization of clinical data without any programming required. It allows researchers to easily construct and export patient cohorts from the EHR for analysis with other software. This application could enable easier exploration of patient-level data for physicians and researchers. PatientExploreR can incorporate EHR data from any institution that employs the CDM for users with approved access. The software code is free and open source under the MIT license, enabling institutions to install and users to expand and modify the application for their own purposes.Availability and implementationPatientExploreR can be freely obtained from GitHub: https://github.com/BenGlicksberg/PatientExploreR. We provide instructions for how researchers with approved access to their institutional EHR can use this package. We also release an open sandbox server of synthesized patient data for users without EHR access to explore: http://patientexplorer.ucsf.edu.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online

George Shervey Interview, 1975

George Shervey was born on a farm near Barrett, Minnesota on October 18, 1904. He was involved in the business of farm implement sales from 1924 until his retirement in 1972. He was active in civic and community affairs, maintaining an interest in local history. During the time of this interview, he was the president of the Grant County Historical Society. In this interview, George Shervey discusses the contest between Elbow Lake and Herman for the county seat and courthouse.https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/mnoralhistories/1019/thumbnail.jp

Beyond surviving to thriving: the experiences of beginning teachers

Bibliography: p. 261-279A few pages are in colour.Includes copies of ethics approval. Original copies with original Partial Copyright Licence

Henry Thornberg Interview, 1974

Henry Thornberg was born on January 3, 1891 in Sanford Township of Grant County, where his parents had immigrated in 1888. He was drafted on July 23, 1918 at the age of 26 into World War I. In this interview, Henry Thornberg tells some of his life history and his experiences in World War I.https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/mnoralhistories/1021/thumbnail.jp

George M. Shervey Interview, 1980

In this interview, George M. Shervey discusses life in and around Barrett, MN during World War II. Mr. Shervey was born October 18, 1904 in Barrett, MN and during the war as a farm implement dealer and also chief of the Barrett Fire Department.https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/wwiioralhistories/1003/thumbnail.jp