Board of Regents

This report, fifteenth of an annual series, describes 1993 mineral, oil and gas, and geothermal activities and accomplishments in Nevada: production statistics, exploration and development including drilling for petroleum and geothermal resources, discoveries of orebodies, new mines opened, and expansion and other activities of existing mines. Statistics of known gold and silver deposits, and directories of mines and mills are included. For more information contact

recommendation: Do pass.

According to the old nursery rhyme, Wednesday’s child is full of snow—I mean woe. Well, Lord, here we are on Wednesday of our second week. Instead of woe, may we be filled with hope. Instead of sorrow, may we daily experience joy. Instead of wrangling, may we have unity. Instead of worry, please strengthen our faith. We are here for the long haul, Lord, and we pray in the Name of the One who is with us all the way. AMEN. Pledge of allegiance to the Flag. Assemblyman Conklin moved that further reading of the Journal be dispensed with, and the Speaker and Chief Clerk be authorized to make the necessary corrections and additions. Motion carried. REPORTS OF COMMITTEE

A Mal functional variant is associated with protection against invasive pneumococcal disease, bacteremia, malaria and tuberculosis

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and members of their signaling pathway are important in the initiation of the innate immune response to a wide variety of pathogens1, 2, 3. The adaptor protein Mal (also known as TIRAP), encoded by TIRAP (MIM 606252), mediates downstream signaling of TLR2 and TLR4 (refs. 4–6). We report a case-control study of 6,106 individuals from the UK, Vietnam and several African countries with invasive pneumococcal disease, bacteremia, malaria and tuberculosis. We genotyped 33 SNPs, including rs8177374, which encodes a leucine substitution at Ser180 of Mal. We found that heterozygous carriage of this variant associated independently with all four infectious diseases in the different study populations. Combining the study groups, we found substantial support for a protective effect of S180L heterozygosity against these infectious diseases (N = 6,106; overall P = 9.6 times 10-8). We found that the Mal S180L variant attenuated TLR2 signal transduction