Periodontal condition and recurrence of periodontitis associated with alcohol consumption in periodontal maintenance therapy

This study followed individuals in periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) over 6 years and longitudinally evaluated the effects of the frequency of alcohol consumption on the recurrence of periodontitis (RP). From a 6-year follow-up cohort study with 268 individuals under PMT, 142 patients who attended at least one PMT visit within 12 months were determined to be eligible. Based on their alcohol consumption, participants were categorized into 3 groups: none or occasional alcohol use (NA; n=88), moderate alcohol use (MA; n=26) and intense alcohol use (IA; n=24). Complete periodontal examination and alcohol consumption were evaluated at 2 times, T1 (after active periodontal therapy) and T2 (6 years). The frequencies of RP in the NA, MA and IA groups were 46.5%, 57.6%, and 79.1%, respectively. The following variables were significantly associated with RP in final multivariate logistic regression model: age >50 years old (OR = 1.79; 95%CI 1.42-2.91; p=0.002), current smoking (OR = 2.42; 95%CI 1.33-4.31; p=0.001), and intensive alcohol use (OR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.37-2.64; p=0.024). Interaction between intensive alcohol use and smoking showed a high OR estimate of 3.15 (95%CI 1.29-6.32) for RP. IA individuals undergoing PMT presented worse periodontal condition, higher rates of RP and tooth loss when compared to NA individuals. Additionally, the interaction between intensive alcohol use and smoking significantly increased the risk for RP

Mouthwashes for the control of supragingival biofilm and gingivitis in orthodontic patients: evidence-based recommendations for clinicians

Properly performed daily mechanical biofilm control is the most important prevention strategy for periodontal diseases. However, proper mechanical biofilm control is not performed effectively by the majority of the population, mainly due to lack of motivation and of manual dexterity. Local biofilm retention factors may aggravate home oral hygiene quality. For this reason, patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances comprise a group that may benefit from the daily use of mouthwashes. The purpose of this review was to perform a systematic search in the literature on antiseptics used to control supragingival biofilm and gingivitis in orthodontic patients. Six studies investigating the effect of chlorhexidine and 5 studies evaluating the effect of the daily use of antiseptics were found. Chlorhexidine showed better results in reducing plaque and gingivitis. However, because of its adverse effects after continuous use, it should not be indicated for long-term periods. Among the agents considered for daily use, the fixed combination of essential oils was the only one evaluated in a clinical trial, in which a comparative group presented a statistically significant clinical impact. There is no direct evidence supporting the indication of antiseptic agents for orthodontic patients other than chlorhexidine and essential oils. It can be concluded that, for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, chlorhexidine should be considered for treating acute gingival inflammation, whereas essential oils should be indicated for long-term daily use in controlling supragingival biofilm

Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression: a genome-wide association study

Background Huntington's disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, HTT. Age at onset has been used as a quantitative phenotype in genetic analysis looking for Huntington's disease modifiers, but is hard to define and not always available. Therefore, we aimed to generate a novel measure of disease progression and to identify genetic markers associated with this progression measure. Methods We generated a progression score on the basis of principal component analysis of prospectively acquired longitudinal changes in motor, cognitive, and imaging measures in the 218 indivduals in the TRACK-HD cohort of Huntington's disease gene mutation carriers (data collected 2008–11). We generated a parallel progression score using data from 1773 previously genotyped participants from the European Huntington's Disease Network REGISTRY study of Huntington's disease mutation carriers (data collected 2003–13). We did a genome-wide association analyses in terms of progression for 216 TRACK-HD participants and 1773 REGISTRY participants, then a meta-analysis of these results was undertaken. Findings Longitudinal motor, cognitive, and imaging scores were correlated with each other in TRACK-HD participants, justifying use of a single, cross-domain measure of disease progression in both studies. The TRACK-HD and REGISTRY progression measures were correlated with each other (r=0·674), and with age at onset (TRACK-HD, r=0·315; REGISTRY, r=0·234). The meta-analysis of progression in TRACK-HD and REGISTRY gave a genome-wide significant signal (p=1·12 × 10−10) on chromosome 5 spanning three genes: MSH3, DHFR, and MTRNR2L2. The genes in this locus were associated with progression in TRACK-HD (MSH3 p=2·94 × 10−8 DHFR p=8·37 × 10−7 MTRNR2L2 p=2·15 × 10−9) and to a lesser extent in REGISTRY (MSH3 p=9·36 × 10−4 DHFR p=8·45 × 10−4 MTRNR2L2 p=1·20 × 10−3). The lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TRACK-HD (rs557874766) was genome-wide significant in the meta-analysis (p=1·58 × 10−8), and encodes an aminoacid change (Pro67Ala) in MSH3. In TRACK-HD, each copy of the minor allele at this SNP was associated with a 0·4 units per year (95% CI 0·16–0·66) reduction in the rate of change of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Total Motor Score, and a reduction of 0·12 units per year (95% CI 0·06–0·18) in the rate of change of UHDRS Total Functional Capacity score. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age of onset. Interpretation The multidomain progression measure in TRACK-HD was associated with a functional variant that was genome-wide significant in our meta-analysis. The association in only 216 participants implies that the progression measure is a sensitive reflection of disease burden, that the effect size at this locus is large, or both. Knockout of Msh3 reduces somatic expansion in Huntington's disease mouse models, suggesting this mechanism as an area for future therapeutic investigation

Gingival Overgrowth in Renal Transplant Subjects: A 44-Month Follow-Up Study

Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:53:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (Fapemig)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Background. To assess changes in gingival status of renal transplant subjects under immunosuppressive regimens based on cyclosporine (CsA), tacrolimus (Tcr), and sirolimus (Sir). Methods. From a sample of 135 subjects (baseline examination [BE]), 89 without periodontal treatment, who maintained the immunosuppressive regimen based on the same main agent (CsA=23, Tcr=31, and Sir=35), were reexamined after 44 months (follow-up examination [FE]). Demographic, pharmacologic, and periodontal variables were collected and gingival overgrowth (GO) was assessed by visual examination. Results. In Tcr and CsA groups, although not significant, occurrence of GO decreased (CsA [BE=56.5% and FE=34.8%; P=0.063] and Tcr [BE=19.4% and FE=12.9%; P=0.500]). In addition, the severity of GO decreased significantly in CsA group (mean score BE=10.29-7.70 and mean score FE=0.78-1.38; P=0.003). In Sir group, GO decreased from 17.1% (BE) to 0.0% (FE) (P=not applicable). In total sample, GO was associated with papillary bleeding index (P=0.001) and concomitant use of calcium channel blockers (P=0.029); in CsA and Tcr groups, GO was associated with papillary bleeding index (P=0.029 and 0.033, respectively). Conclusions. There was no incidence of GO, and a decrease in the occurrence and severity of GO was significant in total sample. This decrease can be attributed to changes in pharmacologic and periodontal variables over this period of time.[Costa, Lidiane C. M.; Costa, Fernando Oliveira; Cota, Luis O. M.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Sch Dent, Dept Periodontol, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil[Cortelli, Sheila C.; Cortelli, Jose R.] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Dept Dent, Periodont Res Di

Detection of periodontal pathogens in newborns and children with mixed dentition

Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:53:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)National Institutes of HealthHarvard Catalyst Pilot GrantWe report the age-related prevalence of red complex periodontal pathogens, , , and , along with four strains of orange complex pathogens. The bacteria present in samples isolated from tongue, cheek, and subgingival sulcus in edentulous newborns and children with mixed dentition were monitored by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). was not detected in any site of any subject in the two groups tested. However, was not only found in the 6-13 years age group, but also in edentulous newborns at a relatively high prevalence, indicating non-dentition-related colonization by . , , , , and were found in the oral cavity of most subjects belonging to the 6-13 years age group compared to newborns. This suggested a pronounced association between these colonizing bacteria and the presence of teeth. There was also a strong relation between and for their prevalence in the subgingival sulcus of the 6-13 years age group ( < 0.0001), but not in the other sites tested, suggesting that the colonization of dentition-related may be associated with the increased prevalence of non-dentition-related in the subgingival sulcus. Overall, these results suggest that dentition is a key determinant of bacterial colonization, especially orange complex bacteria and the red complex bacterium .[Cortelli, J. R.] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Dept Periodontol & Prevent Dent, Dent Res Div, BR-12020040 Taubate, SP, Brazil[Fernandes, C. B.] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Dept Periodontol, Dent Res Div, BR-12020040 Taubate, SP, Brazil[Costa, F. O.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Periodontol, Sch Dent, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil[Cortelli, S. C.] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Nucleus Periodontolal Res, Dent Res Div, BR-12020040 Taubate, SP, Brazil[Kajiya, M.] Forsyth Inst, Dept Immunol, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA[Howell, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Oral Med Infect & Immun, Sch Dent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA[Kawai, T.] Harvard Univ, Div Endodont, Sch Dent Med, Boston, MA 02115 US

Transovarial transmission of dengue 1 virus in Aedes aegypti larvae: real-time PCR analysis in a Brazilian city with high mosquito population density

Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:56:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa, Tecnologia e Inovação (Fapeti)Transovarial transmission is among the reported factors able to influence environmental maintenance of dengue virus (DENV). Endemic areas with active transmission of dengue are suitable for studying transovarial transmission. Brazil is a country where dengue is endemic and where DENV-1 is the most common disease-related virus serotype. This study aimed to identify transovarial transmission of DENV-1 in Aedes aegypti larvae by reverse-transcriptase nested real-time polymerase chain reaction. Between March and October 2016, Culicidae larvae were collected using traps in 3 locations in Taubate, Sao Paulo, Brazil, which has a high occurrence of dengue. The collected larvae were sacrificed in the 3rd or 4th larval stage, classified, and stored at -20 degrees C. The A. aegypti larvae samples (n = 910) were separated into 91 pools of 10 specimens each from which RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed into cDNA, and analyzed by nested qPCR. None of the pools tested positive for DENV-1. Due to the absence of detectable virus in the evaluated samples, we concluded that transovarial transmission may not be the primary mechanism for maintenance of DENV-1 in this particular environment.[Moraes, Alexsander] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Dept Biol Sci, 500 Tiradentes Ave, BR-12030180 Taubate City, SP, Brazil[Cortelli, Filipe C.; Guimaraes, Maria Isabel A.] Jardim Nacoes Sch, 29-79 Benjamin Constant St, BR-12030170 Taubate City, SP, Brazil[Miranda, Tais B.; Aquino, Davi R.; Cortelli, Jose R.; Cortelli, Sheila C.] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Dent Sch, 110 Expedicionario Ernesto Pereira St, BR-12020330 Taubate City, SP, Brazil[Costa, Fernando O.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dent Sch, 6627 Antonio Carlos Ave,Box 359, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazi

Influence of Periodontal Status and Periodontopathogens on Levels of Oral Human beta-Defensin-2 in Saliva

Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:56:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013Background: Expression patterns of human beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2) mRNA or HBD-2 protein concentration and periodontal diseases have been a focus of scientific research. This study compares the salivary levels of HBD-2 protein concentration of healthy patients and patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis (CP) and correlates these levels with the presence of periodontopathogens. Methods: A total of 89 patients were enrolled in this study: 31 periodontally healthy, 27 with gingivitis, and 31 with CP. Plaque and gingival indices, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were measured. The presence of Campylobacter rectus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia was evaluated qualitatively by conventional polymerase chain reaction. HBD-2 quantification in saliva was performed using an immune enzymatic assay. Frequency of periodontopathogens and HBD-2 protein concentration was assessed. Association between HBD-2 protein concentration (>= 100 pg/mL) and the simultaneous presence of one to two, three to four, or five to six periodontopathogens was tested. Results: Although periodontally healthy individuals and patients with gingivitis showed similar HBD-2 levels, the CP group displayed an increased level of HBD-2. P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia, and T. denticola were more prevalent in CP; however, their mere presence was not related to the increased levels of HBD-2 (Pearson correlation and multinomial logistic regression model). Conclusions: Salivary HBD-2 protein concentration was higher in patients with CP compared with healthy individuals or patients with gingivitis. These different protein concentrations were not related to the frequency of periodontopathogens. Clinical inflammatory profile had a higher impact on salivary HBD-2 levels than bacteria.[Pereira, Alexandre L.; Franco, Gilson C.; Cortelli, Sheila C.; Aquino, Davi R.; Raslan, Suzane A.; Cortelli, Jose R.] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Dept Periodontol, Sao Paulo, Brazil[Costa, Fernando O.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Periodontol, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazi