The Impact of the Arab Spring at an Egyptian University: A Personal Experience

The Egyptian Revolution on January 25—part of the 2011 Arab Spring—and the consequent June 30, 2013 Revolution have marked important turning points in the history of modern Egypt. The curricula and courses offered by Egyptian universities, as well as their academic activities and employment structure, have been greatly affected by these momentous events. Furthermore, the revolutions have opened a wider territory of freedom and emboldened both staff members and students. This paper attempts to answer questions related to the changes that have occurred with regard to the university courses, activities and structures. The paper additionally seeks to explore Egypt's future and the possible ways that its people will defend and retain their dearly earned freedom. The paper is based on the writer’s personal experience as an associate professor in the English Department and in the Faculty of Education at Alexandria University. The paper is further influenced by the writer's experiences as an elected member of the committee that observed—after twenty years of appointment by the National Security Department—the new elections for deans and heads of departments; the same committee also moderated debates among the candidates for these posts. As a teacher, I started a new course on revolutionary literature—which I personally designed and taught—and another on politics and media in collaboration with a colleague. From 2011 onward, I have linked and adjusted the materials of mandatory courses, "American Studies", "18th Century English Novel" and "Contemporary Novel" to our revolutions and to current events. I constructed holistic courses by using the three domains of learning: the cognitive, the affective and the psychomotor. The paper will discuss the way I used Bloom and Krathwohl taxonomies in combination with other methods to cover these domains. This has made the courses more authentic and livelier to the learners, encouraging them, to quote Paulo Freire, "to assume …the role of creative subjects" and creating "a relationship of authentic dialogue" between teacher and students (5). The articles and texts I use, as well as the students' assignments and feedback, will be included in the paper as empirical materials

BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF CHICKPEA CAKES AS ADMINISTERED TO ALBINO RATS

Chickpea cakes were prepared according to the procedure of the traditional cake after replacing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of wheat flour by chickpea flour. Ingestion of chickpea cakes did not alter the levels of serum proteins, globulins or albumins. Chickpea cakes had a lowering effect on the serum glucose levels of rats. Serum creatinine and uric acid of different rat groups were within normal limits and did not change in response to chickpea cakes. Chickpea cakes did not affect liver function and had a cholesterol lowering effect either in the rat serum or organs: liver, kidney and heart

Kukorica fehérjék vizsgálata IV. : táplálkozástani minőség

A cikksorozat befejező része a magyar, egyiptomi, német és amerikai kukoricafajták in vitro táplálkozástani adatait közli. Az emészthetőséget multienzimes pHsztát módszerrel, az in vitro biológiai értéket kémiai indexezéssel (Transzformált Gauss indexek) határoztuk meg. Legjobb minőségűnek a single crossxopauqe-2 kombinált mutánsok bizonyultak. In vitro nutritional value data of Hungarian, Egyptian, German and American maize varieties are published in the last paper of the serie. Digestibility was assayed by a multienzyme pH-stat method and in vitro biological value was calculated by chemical indexing using the so called Transformed Gaussian indices. The best quality parameters were gained on the single cross xopaque-2 combined mutants. Im Abschlußteil der Artikelserie werden die in vitro Nahrungsdaten von ungarischen, ägyptischen, deutschen und amerikanischer Maissorten mitgeteilt. Die Verdaulichkeit wurde mit der Multienzym-pH-Stat-Methode, der in vitro biologische Wert mit chemischen Indizes (transformierte Gauss-Indizes) bestimmt. Die beste Qualität wurde mit den Single-Cross xOpague-2 kombinierten Mutanten erzielt

Kukoricafehérjék vizsgálata III. : fehérjefrakciók aminosav összetétele

A közleményben nyolc különböző kukoricafajta, egyenként négy-négy fehérjefrakciójának aminosav összetételét mutatjuk be. Az albuminban sok az APS, THR, OLY, TRP, LYS, kevés a SER, ALA, VAL, ILE, LEU, TYR, РНЕ, a globulinban sok a CYS, LYS, ARG, HIS, kevés a PRO, a zeinben sokaSER,GLU, PRO, ALA, LEU, PHE, kevés az ASP, GLY, CYS, LYS, HIS, TRP, ARG, a glutelinben sok a VAL, MET, ILE, LEU, TYR, PHE, kevés a THR, GLU, CYS, LYS. Amino acid composition of the four-four protein fractions of eight different maize cultivars are presented and discussed. Albumins have high ASP, THR, GLY, TRP, LYS levels and low SER, ALA, VAL, ILE, LEU, TYR, PHE levels while globulins have high CYS, LYS, ARG, HIS, and low PRO, zeins have high SER, GLU, PRO, ALA, LEU, PHE, low ASP, GLY, CYS, LYS, HIS, TRP, ARG, and glutelins have high VAL, MET, ILE, LEU, TYR, PHE, and low THR, GLU, CYS, LYS. In der Mitteilung wird die Aminosäre-Zusammensetzung von je 4 Eiweßfraktionen der 8 verschiedenen Maissorten dargestellt. Im Albumin gibt es viel APS, THR, GLY, TRP und LYS sowie wenig SER, ALA, VAL, ILE, LEU, TYR und PHE; im Globulin gibt es viel CYS, LYS, ARG und HIS sowie wenig PRO; im Zein gibt es viel SER, GLU, PRO, ALA, LEU und PME sowie wenig ASP, GLY, CYS, HIS, TRP und ARG; im Glutelin gibt es viel VAL, MET, ILE, LEU, TYR und PHE sowie wenig THR, GLU, CYS und LYS

Kukoricafehérjék vizsgálata I. : kukoricák fehérjetartalma és aminosav-összetétele

A cikksorozat első része különböző országokban (Magyarország, Egyiptom, NSZK, USA) termesztett, összesen 25 kukoricafajta fehérjetartalmát és aminosav-összetételét közli. A legmagasabb fehérjetartalommal a csemegekukoricák és a vizsgált martonvásári mutánsok rendelkeznek. Az aminosav mintázatokra a kicsiny LYS- és TRP-szintek jellemzőek. Az 0 2-inutánsoknál a LYS helyén az ILE szerepel. A LE U /ILE arányok és a LYS-tartalom között szignifikáns negatív korreláció van. In this first paper of a series the protein contents and amino acid composition of corns, cultivated in different countries (Hungary, Egypt, FRG, USA) are published. The highest protein contents are at the sweet corn varieties and Martonvásár mutants. Typical characteristics of the amino acid patterns are the low TRP- and LYS concentrations. However, the latter is replaced by ILE at the H L mutants. A significant negative correlation between LE U /ILE rations and LYS contents was founded. Im ersten Teil der Artikelreihe werden der Eiweissgehalt und die Aminosäure — Zusammensetzung der in verschiedenen Ländern (Ungarn, Ägypten, BRD, USA) erzeugten 25 Maissorten mitgeteilt. Den höchsten Eiweissgehalt enthalten die Delikatessmaissorten und die untersucheten Martonvásár — Mutanten. Für die Aminosäure - Muster sind niedrige LYS- und TRP-Niveaus charakteristisch. Bei den 0 2- Mutanten ist ILE an der Stelle von LYS zu finden. Zwischen den LE U /ILE Raten und dem LYS-Gehalt besteht eine signifikante negative Korrelation

Kukoricafehérjék vizsgálata II. : a fehérjék makrofrakciói

A közleményben — a kukoricafehérjék izolálási módszereinek részletes áttekintése után — négy országból származó, összesen 25 kukoricafajta fehérjéinek makrofrakció eloszlását közöljük. A metabolikusan aktív fehérjék egymással, illetve a teljes fehérjetartalommal vett korrelációja nagy és pozitív. A glutelin az összfehérje-tartalommal negatívan korrelál. A zein a teljes fehérje mennyiségétől független. A zeintartalom és a teljes szem lizinkoncentrációjának összefüggése szignifikáns és negatív. After reviewing the methods and history of isolation of corn protein fractions, the protein composition of 25 different corn varieties is presented and discussed. The correlations between metabolically active proteins and total protein content, as well as, between the two metabolically active proteins are high and positive. Correlation of glutelin vs. total protein is negative. Zein seems to be independent of total protein. There is a significant and negative correlation between zein content and LYS concentration of whole grain. Verfasser berichten nach ausführlicher Darstellung der Isolierungsmethoden für Maiseiweiß über die Verteilung der Makrofraktionen der Eiweißstoffe von insgesamt 25 aus 4 Ländern stammenden Maissorten. Die metabolisch aktiven Eiweißstoffe besitzen untereinander bzw. mit dem Gesamteiweißgehalt eine hohe und positive Korrelation. Die Menge von Zein ist vom Gesamteiweißgehalt unabhängig. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Zeingehalt und der Lisinkozentration des ganzen Korns ist signfikant und negativ

Effects of fluoxetine on functional outcomes after acute stroke (FOCUS): a pragmatic, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial

Background Results of small trials indicate that fluoxetine might improve functional outcomes after stroke. The FOCUS trial aimed to provide a precise estimate of these effects. Methods FOCUS was a pragmatic, multicentre, parallel group, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial done at 103 hospitals in the UK. Patients were eligible if they were aged 18 years or older, had a clinical stroke diagnosis, were enrolled and randomly assigned between 2 days and 15 days after onset, and had focal neurological deficits. Patients were randomly allocated fluoxetine 20 mg or matching placebo orally once daily for 6 months via a web-based system by use of a minimisation algorithm. The primary outcome was functional status, measured with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), at 6 months. Patients, carers, health-care staff, and the trial team were masked to treatment allocation. Functional status was assessed at 6 months and 12 months after randomisation. Patients were analysed according to their treatment allocation. This trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN83290762. Findings Between Sept 10, 2012, and March 31, 2017, 3127 patients were recruited. 1564 patients were allocated fluoxetine and 1563 allocated placebo. mRS data at 6 months were available for 1553 (99·3%) patients in each treatment group. The distribution across mRS categories at 6 months was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (common odds ratio adjusted for minimisation variables 0·951 [95% CI 0·839–1·079]; p=0·439). Patients allocated fluoxetine were less likely than those allocated placebo to develop new depression by 6 months (210 [13·43%] patients vs 269 [17·21%]; difference 3·78% [95% CI 1·26–6·30]; p=0·0033), but they had more bone fractures (45 [2·88%] vs 23 [1·47%]; difference 1·41% [95% CI 0·38–2·43]; p=0·0070). There were no significant differences in any other event at 6 or 12 months. Interpretation Fluoxetine 20 mg given daily for 6 months after acute stroke does not seem to improve functional outcomes. Although the treatment reduced the occurrence of depression, it increased the frequency of bone fractures. These results do not support the routine use of fluoxetine either for the prevention of post-stroke depression or to promote recovery of function. Funding UK Stroke Association and NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme