25 research outputs found

    Long term variability of the Broad Emission Line profiles in AGN

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    Results of a long-term monitoring (≳10\gtrsim 10 years) of the broad line and continuum fluxes of three Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), 3C 390.3, NGC 4151, and NGC 5548, are presented. We analyze the HΞ±\alpha and HΞ²\beta profile variations during the monitoring period and study different details (as bumps, absorption bands) which can indicate structural changes in the Broad Line Region (BLR). The BLR dimensions are estimated using the time lags between the continuum and the broad lines flux variations. We find that in the case of 3C 390.3 and NGC 5548 a disk geometry can explain both the broad line profiles and their flux variations, while the BLR of NGC 4151 seems more complex and is probably composed of two or three kinematically different regions.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, New Astronomy Reviews (Proceeding of 7th SCSLSA), in pres

    Active Galactic Nuclei at the Crossroads of Astrophysics

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    Over the last five decades, AGN studies have produced a number of spectacular examples of synergies and multifaceted approaches in astrophysics. The field of AGN research now spans the entire spectral range and covers more than twelve orders of magnitude in the spatial and temporal domains. The next generation of astrophysical facilities will open up new possibilities for AGN studies, especially in the areas of high-resolution and high-fidelity imaging and spectroscopy of nuclear regions in the X-ray, optical, and radio bands. These studies will address in detail a number of critical issues in AGN research such as processes in the immediate vicinity of supermassive black holes, physical conditions of broad-line and narrow-line regions, formation and evolution of accretion disks and relativistic outflows, and the connection between nuclear activity and galaxy evolution.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures; review contribution; "Exploring the Cosmic Frontier: Astrophysical Instruments for the 21st Century", ESO Astrophysical Symposia Serie

    Optical Monitoring of Seyfert Galaxies and Quasar Nuclei in 1998. I. Observations

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    The variations of emission-line profiles of NGC 4151, NGC 5548, 3C 390.3, Arp 102-B and E1821+643 in 1998 are being investigated

    Steps Toward Determination of the Size and Structure of the Broad-Line Region in Active Galactic Nuclei. XIV. Intensive Optical Spectrophotometric Observations of NGC 7469

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    We present results of an intensive 2 month campaign of ground-based spectrophotometric monitoring of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 7469, with a temporal resolution [approximately less than]1 day. The broad HΞ± and HΞ² emission lines respond to ~35% ultraviolet continuum variations with an amplitude of ~10% and time delays of 5.6Β±1.3 days and 5.4Β±0.8 days, respectively. We interpret this as evidence of variable Balmer line gas ~5-6 light days from the central source in this object, widely believed to be a supermassive black hole. The virial mass of the central source implied by line widths and time delays is ~106-107 Mβ—‰ Concomitantly, we find evidence for wavelength-dependent continuum time delays : optical continuum variations lag those at 1315 Γ… by 1.0Β±0.3 days at 4865 Γ… to 1.5Β±0.7 days at 6962 Γ…. . This suggests a stratified continuum reprocessing region extending several light days from the central source, possibly an accretion disk

    Π“Π΅Π½Ρ‹ «стахановцы» 18 хромосомы Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΡ‚ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ Π² Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ HepG2

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    Missing (MP) and functionally uncharacterized proteins (uPE1) comprise less than 5% of the total number of proteins encoded by human Chr18 genes. Within half a year, since the January 2020 version of NextProt, the number of entries in the MP+uPE1 datasets changed, mainly due to the achievements of antibody-based proteomics. Assuming that the proteome is closely related to the transcriptome scaffold, quantitative PCR, Illumina HiSeq, and Oxford Nanopore Technology were applied to characterize the liver samples of three male donors in comparison with the HepG2 cell line. The data mining of the Expression Atlas (EMBL-EBI) and the profiling of biopsy samples by using orthogonal methods of transcriptome analysis have shown that in HepG2 cells and the liver, the genes encoding functionally uncharacterized proteins (uPE1) are expressed as low as for the missing proteins (less than 1 copy per cell), except the selected cases of HSBP1L1, TMEM241, C18orf21, and KLHL14. The initial expectation that uPE1 genes might be expressed at higher levels than MP genes, was compromised by severe discrepancies in our semi-quantitative gene expression data and in public databanks. Such discrepancy forced us to revisit the transcriptome of Chr18, the target of the Russian C-HPP Consortium. Tanglegram of highly expressed genes and further correlation analysis have shown the severe dependencies on the mRNA extraction method and the analytical platform. Targeted gene expression analysis by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and high-throughput transcriptome profiling (Illumina HiSeq and ONT MinION) for the same set of samples from normal liver tissue and HepG2 cells revealed the detectable expression of 250+ (92%) protein-coding genes of Chr18 (at least one method). The expression of slightly more than 50% protein-coding genes was detected simultaneously by all three methods. Correlation analysis of the gene expression profiles showed that the grouping of the datasets depended almost equally on both the type of biological material and the experimental method, particularly cDNA/mRNA isolation and library preparation.ΠžΡ‚ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ (Π² англоязычной Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ missing (MP) ΠΈ functionally uncharacterized proteins (uPE1), соотвСтствСнно) ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 5% ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ числа Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Π³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ 18 хромосомы Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π’ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, начиная с января 2020 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π² вСрсии NextProt выросло количСство записСй Π² Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… MP+uPE1. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Π΅ измСнСния обусловлСны прСимущСствСнно достиТСниями ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° основС Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π». Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ количСствСнная ПЦР, Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ сСквСнирования Illumina HiSeq ΠΈ Oxford Nanopore Technologies Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ для ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° транскриптомного профиля ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² муТского ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ HepG2. Анализ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… атласа экспрСссии (Expression Atlas, EMBL-EBI) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ биологичСским ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°ΠΌ с использованиСм ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° транскриптома ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ HepG2 ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ экспрСссии Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ (uPE1), находится Π½Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² случаС Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² MP (Π² количСствС ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 1 ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΡƒ). Π˜ΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ составили нСсколько Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²: HSBP1L1, TMEM241, C18orf21 ΠΈ KLHL14. Богласно сущСствСнным расхоТдСниям Π² Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… полуколичСствСнных Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ экспрСссии Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π² ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Π°Π·Π°Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ экспрСссия Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² uPE1 ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² MP. ПодобноС расхоТдСниС ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΊ транскриптому 18 хромосомы Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉΡΡ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ для России Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π΅ Β«ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°Β». ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ экспрСссируСмых Π³Π΅Π½Π°Ρ… ΠΈ дальнСйший коррСляционный Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» сущСствованиС зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° экстракции мРНК ΠΈ аналитичСской ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹. Анализ экспрСссии Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² 18 хромосомы с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ количСствСнной ПЦР (qPCR) ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ профилирования транскриптома (Illumina HiSeq ΠΈ ONT MinION) для ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ HepG2 выявил Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 250 (92%) Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… хотя Π±Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ЭкспрСссия Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ 50% Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° всСми трСмя ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠšΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅Π»ΡΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ экспрСссии Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Β«Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡΒ» Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ° биологичСского ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π² частности ΠΎΡ‚ способа ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ (выдСлСния ΠΊΠ”ΠΠš, мРНК). Π—Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° способа биоинформатичСской ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π° Π² Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ мСньшСй стСпСни
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