25 research outputs found
Long term variability of the Broad Emission Line profiles in AGN
Results of a long-term monitoring ( years) of the broad line and
continuum fluxes of three Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), 3C 390.3, NGC 4151, and
NGC 5548, are presented. We analyze the H and H profile
variations during the monitoring period and study different details (as bumps,
absorption bands) which can indicate structural changes in the Broad Line
Region (BLR). The BLR dimensions are estimated using the time lags between the
continuum and the broad lines flux variations. We find that in the case of 3C
390.3 and NGC 5548 a disk geometry can explain both the broad line profiles and
their flux variations, while the BLR of NGC 4151 seems more complex and is
probably composed of two or three kinematically different regions.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, New Astronomy Reviews (Proceeding of 7th
SCSLSA), in pres
Active Galactic Nuclei at the Crossroads of Astrophysics
Over the last five decades, AGN studies have produced a number of spectacular
examples of synergies and multifaceted approaches in astrophysics. The field of
AGN research now spans the entire spectral range and covers more than twelve
orders of magnitude in the spatial and temporal domains. The next generation of
astrophysical facilities will open up new possibilities for AGN studies,
especially in the areas of high-resolution and high-fidelity imaging and
spectroscopy of nuclear regions in the X-ray, optical, and radio bands. These
studies will address in detail a number of critical issues in AGN research such
as processes in the immediate vicinity of supermassive black holes, physical
conditions of broad-line and narrow-line regions, formation and evolution of
accretion disks and relativistic outflows, and the connection between nuclear
activity and galaxy evolution.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures; review contribution; "Exploring the Cosmic
Frontier: Astrophysical Instruments for the 21st Century", ESO Astrophysical
Symposia Serie
Optical Monitoring of Seyfert Galaxies and Quasar Nuclei in 1998. I. Observations
The variations of emission-line profiles of NGC 4151, NGC 5548,
3C 390.3, Arp 102-B and E1821+643 in 1998 are being investigated
Long-term monitoring of the broad-line region in a selected sample of AGN
AGN monitoring of the central innermost regio
Steps Toward Determination of the Size and Structure of the Broad-Line Region in Active Galactic Nuclei. XIV. Intensive Optical Spectrophotometric Observations of NGC 7469
We present results of an intensive 2 month campaign of ground-based spectrophotometric monitoring of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 7469, with a temporal resolution [approximately less than]1 day. The broad HΞ± and HΞ² emission lines respond to ~35% ultraviolet continuum variations with an amplitude of ~10% and time delays of 5.6Β±1.3 days and 5.4Β±0.8 days, respectively. We interpret this as evidence of variable Balmer line gas ~5-6 light days from the central source in this object, widely believed to be a supermassive black hole. The virial mass of the central source implied by line widths and time delays is ~106-107 Mβ Concomitantly, we find evidence for wavelength-dependent continuum time delays : optical continuum variations lag those at 1315 Γ
by 1.0Β±0.3 days at 4865 Γ
to 1.5Β±0.7 days at 6962 Γ
. . This suggests a stratified continuum reprocessing region extending several light days from the central source, possibly an accretion disk
ΠΠ΅Π½Ρ Β«ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΒ» 18 Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ HepG2
Missing (MP) and functionally uncharacterized proteins (uPE1) comprise less than 5% of the total number of proteins encoded by human Chr18 genes. Within half a year, since the January 2020 version of NextProt, the number of entries in the MP+uPE1 datasets changed, mainly due to the achievements of antibody-based proteomics. Assuming that the proteome is closely related to the transcriptome scaffold, quantitative PCR, Illumina HiSeq, and Oxford Nanopore Technology were applied to characterize the liver samples of three male donors in comparison with the HepG2 cell line. The data mining of the Expression Atlas (EMBL-EBI) and the profiling of biopsy samples by using orthogonal methods of transcriptome analysis have shown that in HepG2 cells and the liver, the genes encoding functionally uncharacterized proteins (uPE1) are expressed as low as for the missing proteins (less than 1 copy per cell), except the selected cases of HSBP1L1, TMEM241, C18orf21, and KLHL14. The initial expectation that uPE1 genes might be expressed at higher levels than MP genes, was compromised by severe discrepancies in our semi-quantitative gene expression data and in public databanks. Such discrepancy forced us to revisit the transcriptome of Chr18, the target of the Russian C-HPP Consortium. Tanglegram of highly expressed genes and further correlation analysis have shown the severe dependencies on the mRNA extraction method and the analytical platform. Targeted gene expression analysis by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and high-throughput transcriptome profiling (Illumina HiSeq and ONT MinION) for the same set of samples from normal liver tissue and HepG2 cells revealed the detectable expression of 250+ (92%) protein-coding genes of Chr18 (at least one method). The expression of slightly more than 50% protein-coding genes was detected simultaneously by all three methods. Correlation analysis of the gene expression profiles showed that the grouping of the datasets depended almost equally on both the type of biological material and the experimental method, particularly cDNA/mRNA isolation and library preparation.ΠΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ (Π² Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΎΡΠ·ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ missing (MP) ΠΈ functionally uncharacterized proteins (uPE1), ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ) ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 5% ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ 18 Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 2020 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π² Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ NextProt Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
MP+uPE1. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π». Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΠ¦Π , ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Illumina HiSeq ΠΈ Oxford Nanopore Technologies Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ HepG2. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ (Expression Atlas, EMBL-EBI) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°ΠΌ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ HepG2 ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ (uPE1), Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² MP (Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 1 ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΡ). ΠΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²: HSBP1L1, TMEM241, C18orf21 ΠΈ KLHL14. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ
Π±Π°Π·Π°Ρ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² uPE1 ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² MP. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ 18 Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ Β«ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°Β». ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² 18 Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ¦Π (qPCR) ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ° (Illumina HiSeq ΠΈ ONT MinION) Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ HepG2 Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ» Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 250 (92%) Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ Π±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ 50% Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Β«Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡΒ» Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ (Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΠΠ, ΠΌΠ ΠΠ). ΠΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π² Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ