Part-products of SS-restricted integer compositions

If $S$ is a cofinite set of positive integers, an "$S$-restricted composition of $n$" is a sequence of elements of $S$, denoted $\vec{\lambda}=(\lambda_1,\lambda_2,...)$, whose sum is $n$. For uniform random $S$-restricted compositions, the random variable ${\bf B}(\vec{\lambda})=\prod_i \lambda_i$ is asymptotically lognormal. The proof is based upon a combinatorial technique for decomposing a composition into a sequence of smaller compositions.Comment: 18 page

The Techniques of Studying and Other Variables Impact on Initial Drug Card Exam Pass Rates

The Techniques of Studying and Other Variables Impact on Initial Drug Card Exam Pass Rates is a study performed on the Top 200 Drug Card Exams presented to professional pharmacy students at South Dakota State University. The study utilized Fisher\u27s exact test with a 0.05 significance value to find statistical significance in a variety of categories relating to different variables that were suspected to impact the pass rate of the exams. These variables included pharmacy work experience, place of work, first exposure to the exam content, and others. Data for this study was collected through a survey that 93 current professional students participated in and via a series of optional quizzes provided to P1 standing students, created by a P2 student. The study found that there was statistical significance in a difference of pass rates of students with first exposure 2 or more weeks from the exam compared to the pass rates of those with less than 2 weeks of exposure from the exam. It also found statistical significance in an increase of pass rates between students that took 2 or more optional quizzes on a drug card exam compared to those who took 1 or fewer optional quizzes and an increase in those who took any optional quizzes compared to those who did not take any optional quizzes. Results support evidence that additional information in form of quiz-style questions, that are either mandatory or optional, to students could increase students’ likelihood of increasing the pass rate of Top 200 Drug Card Exams and in turn, increase knowledge of the tested material. It also shows trends that could have the potential to yield statistical significance if analyzed in a study with a large sample size

Dispersal and establishment of Huon pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii)

Huon pine had a mast year in 1989 resulting in massive seedfall. It was found that Huon pine had extremely limited lateral seed dispersal by wind, although the chances of dispersal by water appear extremely good, due to its flotation capabilities. Green rosellas (Platycercus caledonicus Gmelin) were observed feeding on the seed and may play some role both as predators and dispersers of seed. A low percentage of successful germination was achieved and germination rate was slow. Seedlings appear to establish mostly on soil substrates but also occur on logs and trunks. Colonisation, even downstream, can take a considerable period of time and may partly explain the restricted distribution of Huon pine. The implications of these results for conservation and management are discussed

Variables Impacting Initial Drug Card Exam Pass Rates

Background and Purpose: Top 200 Drug Card Exams are administered in the professional program at South Dakota State University to prepare students for clinical rotations and board exams. Methods and Materials: Analysis of several variables was performed to find their impact on initial drug card exam pass rates: first exposure to the exam content, hours spent studying for the exam, average hours worked in a week, and time worked in a pharmacy. Data for this study was collected through an optional survey provided to P1, P2, and P3 students and optional quizzes that were provided to both P1 (n=42) and P2 students (n=61). Results: Using Fisher’s exact test, the study found that there was statistical significance (p-value = 0.05) in pass rates between students who studied for the drug card exam for a total of 7.5 hours or more compared to those who spent less than 7.5 hours studying and in students studying more than two weeks before an exam to students who begin their studying less than two weeks before the exam. Additionally, statistical significance was found for P1 students who took one optional quiz for the second exam compared to those taking no quizzes; P2 students had statistical significance on the first exam of the semester in this analysis as well. Conclusion: Results from this study demonstrate that providing optional or mandatory practice quizzes for students to prepare for these exams This research also provides objective data on strategies to increase the likelihood of passing Top 200 Drug Card exams

David Sacred Dramatic Cantata

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-me/1043/thumbnail.jp

The population genetics of two temperate rainforest trees, Lagarostrobos franklinii (Hook f.) Quinn (Huon pine), and Atherosperma moschatum Labill. (Sassafras)

The population genetics of two temperate rainforest tree species endemic to south eastern Australia were studied. Both species are long-lived and members of ancient families. There are parallels between the two species even though one was a gymnosperm and the other an angiosperm. For example, both species reproduce both vegetatively and sexually. Lagarostrobos franklinii (Huon pine) (Podocarpaceae) is mostly dioecious and wind pollinated, while Atherosperma moschatum (sassafras) (Monimiaceae), is monoecious or dioecious and insect pollinated. Both have potential for long distance seed dispersal, L.franklinii by water and A. moschatum by wind. The population genetics of both species was studied from stands throughout their geographic range using isozyme analysis. Most genetic diversity was found within rather than among sites. Genetic diversity among sites was low but generally consistent with expectations for each species (Hamrick and Godt 1979). Atherosperma moschatum had much more diversity among sites than Huon pine, with its mainland sites differentiating significantly from its Tasmanian ones. In Huon pine, most differentiation was found in isolated sites. Diversity within sites was also low in Huon pine but was much greater in sassafras. The structure of genotypes within stands was examined using spatial autocorrelation. In both species trees of like genotypes were found to be clustered at short distances. This genetic substructuring was found regardless of population size, density, distance from other stands, level of inbreeding, history, etc. Most sites deviated from Hardy-Weinberg expectations with deficiencies of heterozygotes, and high levels of allelic fixation, and were effectively inbred. The size structure and floristics within stands were investigated and used to assist in the interpretation of the patterns of genetic variation, inbreeding and stand dynamics found in each species. There was much variation in size structures and regeneration modes between sites in both species and neither appeared to require large scale disturbances for regeneration. The two species varied in the relationships between site environmental/ecological similarity and genetic similarity. In both species there was as much diversity in genetic variability and size structure in small isolated stands as there was in stands within larger assemblages. The proportion of trees contributing to the reproductive population, as well as the proportion of each gender type within that population, were estimated for Huon pine stands. On average thirty percent of Huon pine trees greater than one metre tall were reproductively active in the mast year recorded, and overall there were equal proportions of male and female trees. The relationships between reproduction and gender expression, with size structure, density, floristics, inbreeding and genotypes were investigated. Stands were also compared to identify if there were geographical or climatic trends in the distribution of these characteristics. Reproduction was found to increase with increasing tree size and also with more open canopies. Sites with similar proportions of females were found to also have similar species compositions. The distribution of reproductive trees and gender types within stands was investigated using spatial autocorrelation. The results were compared with genotypic distributions within the same stands. Although there was no direct correlation between gender type and genotype, both genotype and gender type were clustered at the same spatial scale, suggesting that such clustering may have a strong vegetative component. Huon pine seed production was estimated at one site and seed dispersal was investigated. Very large quantities of seed were shed. Seed dispersal laterally was negligible, but potential for dispersal down water courses was great as it stayed afloat for extended periods. Huon pine seed germination was investigated both in the field and under experimental conditions. Germination generally was slow, and with a low success rate. However seed in the field germinated at particular daylengths (regardless of temperature) in two consecutive seasons. Both species showed evidence that vegetative reproduction and localised pollen and seed dispersal have led to the development of family clusters, leading to inbreeding, and local fixation of allelic proportions. However infrequent long distance gene flow has probably reduced population differentiation. The population viability of each species was discussed

A study of the working of Milton's imagination as revealed in the portrayal of the chief characters in "Paradise Lost", "Paradise Regained" and "Samson Agonistes"

After some suggestions concerning Milton's poems, and imagination in general, the chief influential factors of his life are brought forward in an attempt to trace, first, how his imagination worked upon his life-experience to produce his mature attitude to God and man, and later, how it works upon his life-experience and mature attitude in enabling him to portray the chief characters in his poems. Suggestions connected with 'primary' and 'secondary' imagination, or inspiration and self-directed reasoning-power, lead to the opinion that Milton came to depend too much upon his self-directed reasoning power for his understanding of God, and by its means created out of himself a conception of God to which he tried in vain fully to conform, with results which are reflected in his three poems. As characters, God and the son of God represent Milton himself, consciously under the rule of reason, but they are only portrayed poetically when reason is in abeyance to inspiration. Satan represents a large part of Milton himself in rebellion against the rule of reason, and therefore is continually surrounded by poetry. Adam and Eve, Samson and Dalila represent Milton himself and woman as he sees her; they show how he would be ruled by reason but cannot be, and how woman, to him, rebels against the rule of man and of reason, as he himself in Satan rebels against his own idea of God. Finally an explanation is offered for his manner of restricting his characters to a portrayal of himself, while, in all, the study is a collection of ideas, many of which not only defy inclusion in an abstract, but, so far, have also defied their owner to control them fully, or, within the time appointed, to reduce them under the unifying rule of law and order.<p