A Yoga Intervention for Stress Management of Young Athletes During Covid-19 Lockdown

This research aimed to check the effectiveness of a specially designed yogic package suitable for athletes who were in fear due to the covid-19 lockdown to test its effectiveness in bringing back their mental power. Yoga is not a new science. Centuries back, the importance of physical and psychological health and the impact of yoga has been explained in Thirumandiram by Yoga Maharishi Thirumoolar. Psychological resilience is necessary to enhance athletic performance and foster valuable life skills. Through positive adaptation to adversity and stressors in competitive performance, athletes can cultivate their ability to respond to negative stimuli, ultimately evolving personal growth effectively. For young athletes, the development of resilience is particularly crucial. Due to confinement and social isolation regulations, young athletes face distinct challenges in sport, including future fear, physical toughness, body image issues, emotional maturity, increased mental distress, and internalization of emotions during a covid lockdown. The aim of this research is to test if yoga could build resilience and discuss the implications and applications relevant to young athletes. 30 young athletes between 19 - 21 years accepted to participate in the research were accommodated. The pretest was conducted on the selected variables and selected subjects were assigned into two groups of 15 subjects each. The Experimental Group (YG) underwent yoga training and the control group (CG) did not undergo any specific training for 3 weeks (6 days a week for 2 sessions a day).  After 3 weeks of training, a post-test was conducted on resilience (self-determination, physical toughness and Emotion control & Maturity) for both groups. To find out if any significant difference exists between pre and post-training, a t-ratio was applied.  The result depicts that yoga is the best tool to work on resilience in such unprecedented tough times, securing current physical and mental health, enhancing sports performance, and helping young athletes stay navigated to life's goals

Impact of COVID Lockdown on Mental Health of Elite Athletes – A Status Study

Covid lockdown upset the whole globe to a stunning shock. Never in life had we ever faced such a crisis, complete lockdown, which all led to lonely untouchable deaths, sickness, isolation, quarantine finally ended up in disordered mental health. Though there is an increased awareness of health and using the need to stay fit, the lockdown restrictions don’t pay space for it. If this is the case for the typical athletes who dedicate their entire life, investing time, body, mind and soul into the athletic performance, have completely dislodged routines. A layman’s eyes may find a sportsman's life a fun-filled, excited, easy go. But it’s not the true colour. Ambitious and amateurish life in training has changed to a cloudy future feared min set. This study aimed to determine the mental health status of elite athletes during the covid lockdown. To cosnduct the study, data was collected through google form using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10). Out of the 374 athletes who responded, 218  athletes (58.29%) were in extreme stress almost all the time during the covid lockdown. Thus it is concluded that in this situation, coaches and sports psychologists have to create awareness about the lockdown, contact athletes and counsel them. Athletes are the pride of every nation and need to recover from psychological setbacks. So, it is. The need of the hour is to design the best training programme suitable and possible during lockdown to protect their skills and abilities. Even from these minds, our national athletes need to recover from psychological setbacks. So, we must find the best training method for them and protect their skills

AMELIORATION OF GENTAMICIN-INDUCED RENAL DAMAGE IN RATS BY ETHANOL EXTRACT OF THE WHOLE PLANT BIOPHYTUM SENSITIVUM (LINN.) DC

Objective: Present study was undertaken to investigate the nephroprotective activity of whole plant ethanol extract of Biophytum sensitivum Linn. DC (B. sensitivum; EEBS) on gentamicin induced-nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats.Methods: Animals were divided into five groups, containing six animals in each. Gentamicin (GM) 100 mg/kg/d; i. p., was given to all groups except normal control to induce nephrotoxicity for a period of 8 d in rats. Animals in Group I served as control and Group II as GM-treated or nephrotoxic control. Group III received standard quercetin (50 mg/kg; p. o.); group IV received EEBS (250 mg/kg; p. o.) and group V received EEBS (500 mg/kg; p. o.), for 8 d. Several renal functional tests and injury markers such as a change in body weight, water intake, urine volume and pH, urinary levels of total protein, albumin, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were measured. Different hematological parameters including, red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), white blood corpuscles (WBC), lymphocyte, monocyte, polymorphs and eosinophil were also analyzed.Results: The results revealed that co-administration of EEBS at 250 and 500 mg/kg significantly reduced the urinary excretion of total protein (4.05±0.04, 3.53±0.05 g/dl), albumin (0.81±0.08, 0.71±0.00 g/dl), calcium (8.05±0.05, 7.81±0.06 mg/dl) and magnesium (0.79±0.05, 0.77±0.06 mg/dl) respectively. EEBS treatment in group IV and V animals produced a significant increase in body weight (2.58±0.17, 2.52±0.22 g), water intake (17.35±0.82, 17.87±0.86 ml/24 h) urine output (7.24±0.15, 7.88±0.08 ml/24 h), compared to animals in group II. Co-therapy with both doses of extracts also showed significant increase in RBC (6.85±0.31, 7.10±0.43 million/mm3) Hb (13.96±0.21, 13.83±0.31 g/dl), MCH (20.45±0.49, 20.67±0.51 pg) and PCV (38.29±0.42, 38.53±0.20%) levels, whereas WBC (8.24±0.21, 8.15±0.10 1X103/mm3) and polymorphs (14.19±0.20, 14.05±0.11%) levels were found to be significantly reduced respectively in animals than those in toxic control group.Conclusion: This study substantiated and confirmed the ethnomedical usefulness of B. sensitivum as a nephroprotective and antioxidant agent

PHARMACIST INTERVENTION ON IDENTIFICATION OF DRUG INTERACTIONS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the potential drug interactions (pDIs) among hospitalized patients in cardiac and neurology wards in 3 tertiary care hospitals.Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out for a period of 12 mo. A sample of 1330 patients was assessed for pDDIs using Micromedex®-2.7and drugs.com and www.dugs.com.Results: A total of 1330 patients were analyzed and it was found that 685 were cardiac and 645 were neurology patients. The study identified 524 (76.49%) cardiac patients and 425 (65.89%) neurology patients, with potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) higher in male cardiac [298 (56.87%)] and male neurology [235 (55.29%)] patients, compared to females. Incidences of pDDIs were found to be higher in the age group of 60-70 y in cardiac [193 (36.83%)] and neurology [165 (38.84%)] patients and incidences of interactions based on duration of (4-6 d) hospital stays in cardiac were 380 (72.53%) and 275 (64.70%) in neurology patients respectively. Moreover, 51.90% cardiac patients and 57.41% neurology patients were found to be prescribed with more number of drugs in cardiac and neurology (7 drugs) patients, were found to have developed higher incidences of pDDIs. The most common drug interacting pair was between aspirin and clopidogrel combination, observed in 245 cardiac and 316 in neurology patients. Drug-food interactions (DFIs) were found with between atorvastatin-citrus fruits in cardiac and phenytoin-protein rich foods in neurology patients. The most common drug-disease interaction (D-DIs) was found to between isosorbide dinitrate–myocardial infarction in cardiac and carbamazepine-seizuresin neurology respectively.Conclusion: It is recommended that physicians should be aware of the interactions among those drugs while prescribing, and careful monitoring is also required

AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF MEDICATION ERRORS AMONG PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the common medication error (ME), and its causes, category, and severity by using suitable questionnaire.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for 6 months in a psychiatric department. Demographic data, clinical history, and complete prescription were noted.Results: A total of 120 psychiatric cases were collected, among that 116 MEs were identified in which male patients were 64 (55%) and females 52 (44.8%). The number of MEs occurred due to physician was 67 (57.7%), due to nurses was 15 (12.9%), and combined was 38 (32.7%). Incomplete prescription was the main type of error that we found. About 43.1% of the error we identified was informed to the staff and and no specific action was needed for 37.1% of errors. In our study, we found that majority of 54 (46.5%) errors were categorized under category B, but there was no harm to the patient.Conclusion: The present study concluded that most of the patients admitted in the psychiatry department would experience MEs. Clinical pharmacist can play a major role in the early detection and prevention of MEs and thus can improve the quality of care to the patients

ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL DRUG INTERACTIONS AMONG HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS IN NEUROLOGY DEPARTMENT IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS

Objective: This research was instigated to determine and assess the prevalence, severity, type, and the total number of potential drug interactions in the neurology department of two hospitals in India. Methods: The data were collected from the prescriptions and by patient history interview on a daily basis. The drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were identified using Micromedex® database-2.7 and drugs.com. Results: The drug interactions were influenced by a plethora of risk factors: Gender, age, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, and the neurological condition. The study was comprised 320 patients, among 196 patients were identified with potential DDIs (PDDIs), and a total of 450 PDDIs were observed. The prevalence of PDDIs according to the severity was major (42.6%), moderate (45.11%), and minor (12.22%). Conclusion: To lessen PDDIs, the range of medications for the patients must be properly managed, and it is encouraged to remove all medicines without therapeutic advantage, intention, and an indication

Early Life Child Micronutrient Status, Maternal Reasoning, and a Nurturing Household Environment have Persistent Influences on Child Cognitive Development at Age 5 years : Results from MAL-ED

Funding Information: The Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Project (MAL-ED) is carried out as a collaborative project supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for the NIH, and the National Institutes of Health/Fogarty International Center. This work was also supported by the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health (D43-TW009359 to ETR). Author disclosures: BJJM, SAR, LEC, LLP, JCS, BK, RR, RS, ES, LB, ZR, AM, RS, BN, SH, MR, RO, ETR, and LEM-K, no conflicts of interest. Supplemental Tables 1–5 and Supplemental Figures 1–3 are available from the “Supplementary data” link in the online posting of the article and from the same link in the online table of contents at https://academic.oup.com/jn/. Address correspondence to LEM-K (e-mail: [email protected]). Abbreviations used: HOME, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment inventory; MAL-ED, The Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Project; TfR, transferrin receptor; WPPSI, Wechsler Preschool Primary Scales of Intelligence.Peer reviewe

Early life child micronutrient status, maternal reasoning, and a nurturing household environment have persistent influences on child cognitive development at age 5 years: Results from MAL-ED

Background: Child cognitive development is influenced by early-life insults and protective factors. To what extent these factors have a long-term legacy on child development and hence fulfillment of cognitive potential is unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relation between early-life factors (birth to 2 y) and cognitive development at 5 y. Methods: Observational follow-up visits were made of children at 5 y, previously enrolled in the community-based MAL-ED longitudinal cohort. The burden of enteropathogens, prevalence of illness, complementary diet intake, micronutrient status, and household and maternal factors from birth to 2 y were extensively measured and their relation with the Wechsler Preschool Primary Scales of Intelligence at 5 y was examined through use of linear regression. Results: Cognitive T-scores from 813 of 1198 (68%) children were examined and 5 variables had significant associations in multivariable models: mean child plasma transferrin receptor concentration (β: −1.81, 95% CI: −2.75, −0.86), number of years of maternal education (β: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.45), maternal cognitive reasoning score (β: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.15), household assets score (β: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.24, 1.04), and HOME child cleanliness factor (β: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.15). In multivariable models, the mean rate of enteropathogen detections, burden of illness, and complementary food intakes between birth and 2 y were not significantly related to 5-y cognition. Conclusions: A nurturing home context in terms of a healthy/clean environment and household wealth, provision of adequate micronutrients, maternal education, and cognitive reasoning have a strong and persistent influence on child cognitive development. Efforts addressing aspects of poverty around micronutrient status, nurturing caregiving, and enabling home environments are likely to have lasting positive impacts on child cognitive development.publishedVersio

Heat transfer enhancement using nanofluids: An overview

Nanofluids are colloidal mixtures of nanometric metallic or ceramic particles in a base fluid, such as water, ethylene glycol or oil. Nanofluids possess immense potential to enhance the heat transfer character of the original fluid due to improved thermal transport properties. In this article, a brief overview has been presented to address the unique features of nanofluids, such as their preparation, heat transfer mechanisms, conduction and convection heat transfer enhancement, etc. In addition, the article summarizes the experimental and theoretical work on pool boiling in nanofluids and their applications

Drone based contactless disinfectant spraying system: A safety COVID measures

The recent pneumonia spread brought about by a novel corona virus (COVID-19) in china is representing an incredible risk and proclaimed a worldwide emergency of public health. It has spread to the world and infected people with COVID-19 disease. In addition to the absence of explicit treatment as well as vaccine, COVID-19 are currently known to reveal a noteworthy environmental resistance. The transmission of virus was found to be spread through human –to –human that make it easily diffused. The transmission comes from the droplets of infected when sneezing or coughing. These droplets can survive on the inanimate surface even in air and transmitted the virus to human. The aim of our project is to design and develop an antiseptic disinfection spraying system has ability to disinfect large scale area with less time consuming and minimal human interactions. The range of drone is 100m and speed 8m/s then flight time is 15 min. It additionally proposes detail of the range of antiseptic –disinfectant and denaturation that have been used in this operation