Unilateral Hypoplasia of the Mandibular Condyle Or Dysplasia-A Unusual Case Report

As per the classification of the TMJ disorder,mandibular condylar malformation are of three types aplasia,hypoplasia ,hyperplasia and they have their respective etiology ,clinical  and radiological features .This paper highlights a case of unilateral hypoplastic  deformed condyle but the clinical  and radiological features are different from that of typical condylar hypoplasia and not associated with any kind of syndromes

Retained Metallic Foreign body- A Diagnostic and Surgical Challenge

The most common causes of foreign body in orofacial region is either trauma or iatrogenic. These cases show the significance of proper case history and radiographic examination for correct diagnosis. Their identification and removal from the tissue is often necessary and challenging. The treatment sequence consisted of the foreign body approach and removal, the wound exploration, irrigation and suture. The entire foreign body was successfully removed in both cases. Since the aetiology of both differ, the treatment also differs, in accidental foreign body impaction treatment is only confined to symptomatic treatment but in the self-injurious behaviour, a psychological counselling of patient is required to prevent repetition of the habit. Two cases of unusual foreign body in orofacial region are reported with their diagnostic and surgical challenge

A systematic global stocktake of evidence on human adaptation to climate change

Assessing global progress on human adaptation to climate change is an urgent priority. Although the literature on adaptation to climate change is rapidly expanding, little is known about the actual extent of implementation. We systematically screened >48,000 articles using machine learning methods and a global network of 126 researchers. Our synthesis of the resulting 1,682 articles presents a systematic and comprehensive global stocktake of implemented human adaptation to climate change. Documented adaptations were largely fragmented, local and incremental, with limited evidence of transformational adaptation and negligible evidence of risk reduction outcomes. We identify eight priorities for global adaptation research: assess the effectiveness of adaptation responses, enhance the understanding of limits to adaptation, enable individuals and civil society to adapt, include missing places, scholars and scholarship, understand private sector responses, improve methods for synthesizing different forms of evidence, assess the adaptation at different temperature thresholds, and improve the inclusion of timescale and the dynamics of responses