A study on the application of strategic management to the contractor’s firm / Norsyakila Shahrudin

The slowdown in the construction industry in Malaysia can be improved by continuous search for construction innovation and excellence through research, development, training and management. There are three main problems which are happened in the construction industry in Malaysia. Nowadays, many contractors involved in construction industry in Malaysia. This phenomenon is the main reason which contributes to high competitive in Malaysia. Market size in domestic industry is small and gives the limited job opportunities. So, the contractors must be skilful, expert and professional to go through into international market. Besides that, the contractors competitive still at the lower level. Domination of the foreign contractors in the market industry is more increase and job opportunity to local contractors become less. The percentage of contractors who are applying the SWOT Analysis in the organization will be defined from this study. The scope is limited among contractors around Seberang Perai Tengah which randomly selected. The data and information for this study will be obtained by questionnaire. SWOT Analysis is the main factor in strategic management that can contribute to the successful of the organization in developing the strong company in domestic market. Strategic management is one of the solutions which can help to increase the growth of construction industry in Malaysia which is towards to global successfully

Pembiakan Dan Perkembangan Polypedates Leucomystax (Anura: Rhacophoridae) Dan Kaloula Pulchra (Anura : Microhylidae) Serta Kesan "Tea Seed Cake'" Dan Karbofuran Ke Atas Larvanya

Pembiakan Po. leucomystax dan K. pulchra secara semulajadi telah dikaji selama 1 2 bulan bermula Julai 1995 sehingga Jun 1996 di Kampung Boyan, Taiping, Perak:. Hasil kajian mendapati pembiakan Po. leucomystax dan K. pu/chra berkorelasi dengan jumlah hujan yang turun. Po. leucomystax menghasilkan telur (1.8 ± 0.02 mm) yang besar dan di dalam kuantiti (239 ± 19 biji) yang sedikit berbanding dengan K. pulchra yang menghasilkan telur (1.5 ± 0.03 mm) yang kecil dan di dalam kuantiti (5713 ± 275 biji) yang besar Peratus telur yang menetas bagi kedua-dua spesies adalah melebihi 90%. Sementara itu peratus larva Po. leucomystax yang beIjaya menjadi anak katak (19. 22.7 %) adalah lebih tinggi berbanding K pulchra (0.9 Embrio dan larva Po. leucomystax rnengarnbil rnasa yang lebih panjang untuk menetas (41.9 ± 0.0K. pu/chra (20.5 berbentuk sigmoid dengan kadar pertumbuhan yang maksimum pada peringkat 40 hingga 42. Penurunan berat basah dan panjang keseluruhan adalah disebabkan oleh ekor larva yang semakin menghilang sernasa metamorfosis. Ujian akut secara pendedahan statik selama 24 jam telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan serbuk "tea seed cake" (TSC) dan karbofuran ke atas larva Po. leucomystax, K pulchra dan Ra. erythrea. Nilai LC₅₀ menunjukkan larva Ra. erythrea merupakan larva yang paling sensitif dan mernpunyai daya ketahanan yang paling rendah terhadap larutan TSC dan karbofuran. lni diikuti oleh larva K. pulchra dan Po. leucomystax

Enhancing Datagram Congestion Control Protocol for Efficient Long Delay Link

Most of the multimedia applications use the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as a transport layer protocol because it is suitable for the delivery of multimedia data over the Internet. However, the use of UDP could endanger the stability of the network because there is no congestion control applied. To a certain extent, the network can collapse if too many applications deliberately use this protocol. Subsequently, instead of using the UDP, the applications have choices to use the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP), which has a built-in congestion control that can provide a better network. Nevertheless, the congestion control mechanism in the CCID-2 TCP-like can cause problems when delivering multimedia data over a long delay link. To alleviate the problems, such as longer time taken for achieving maximum throughput, and throughput fluctuation during a congestion avoidance phase, two approaches have been used, i.e. setting of an appropriate slow-start threshold value and manipulating congestion window during a congestion avoidance phase. A new congestion control mechanism presented in this thesis, namely the "TCP-like Threshold Window (TCP-like TW)" is designed based on the advantages of the two approaches. It has been developed and modeled in the Network Simulator 2 (ns-2). The TCP-like TW has proven to enhance the performance of the DCCP when delivering multimedia data over long delay link networks, as well as over short delay. For a long delay link, the TCP-like TW congestion control mechanism is able to minimize the time taken to achieve the maximum throughput. It can smooth the fluctuation of throughput after achieving the maximum throughput. Furthermore, for the short delay link, the maximum throughput will be increased while maintaining the friendliness towards other congestion-controlled protocols