First-order phase transition from hypernuclear matter to deconfined quark matter obeying new constraints from compact star observations

We reconsider the problem of the hyperon puzzle and its suggested solution by quark deconfinement within the two-phase approach to hybrid compact stars with recently obtained hadronic and quark matter equations of state. For the hadronic phase we employ the hypernuclear equation of state from the lowest order constrained variational method and the quark matter phase is described by a sufficiently stiff equation of state based on a color superconducting nonlocal Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with constant (model nlNJLA) and with density-dependent (model nlNJLB) parameters. We study the model dependence of the phase transition obtained by a Maxwell construction. Our study confirms that also with the present set of equations of state quark deconfinement presents a viable solution of the hyperon puzzle even for the new constraint on the lower limit of the maximum mass from PSR J0740+6620. In this work we provide with model nlNJLB for the first time a hybrid star EoS with an intermediate hypernuclear matter phase between the nuclear and color superconducting quark matter phases, for which the maximum mass of the compact star reaches $2.2~M_\odot$, in accordance with most recent constraints. In model nlNJLA such a phase cannot be realised because the phase transition onset is at low densities, before the hyperon threshold density is passed. We discuss possible consequences of the hybrid equation of state for the deconfinement phase transition in symmetric matter as it will be probed in future heavy-ion collisions at FAIR, NICA and corresponding energy scan programs at the CERN and RHIC facilities.Comment: 37 pages, 13 figures, 1 table, references added, text and figures revised, version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

BACKGROUND: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. METHODS: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. FINDINGS: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01–4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0–116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3–48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1–45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60–3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8–54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36–1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5–41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6–28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8–25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9–42·8] and 33·3% [25·8–42·0]). INTERPRETATION: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden

Evaluation of the stress pattern in the resin-based composite restoration of an endodontically treated premolar tooth : a finite element analysis study

This study aimed to assess the stress values in an endodontically treated maxillary premolar restored with a direct placement of adhesive composite restoration. An ortho-grade root-treatment was performed on a single-rooted maxillary premolar. Three types of cavities were prepared as follow: (1) O: Occlusal access cavity (one surface), (2): MO: access cavity with mesial extension equal to one third of bucco-palatal cusp width and 1 mm above the cementoenamel junction (two surfaces), (3) MOD: access cavity with mesial and distal extensions equal to one third of buccopalatal cusp width and 1 mm above the cementoenamel junction (three surfaces). After each restorative procedure, the restored-tooth complex was scanned using a micro-computed tomography scanner. A three-dimensional (3D) structure for each individual layer, including the enamel, dentine, composite restoration, and the gutta-percha of the restored tooth complex, was generated with interactive medical image processing software, whereas the biomechanical behavior and stress pattern distribution were evaluated using a finite element analysis software programme. The results revealed that the MO-restored tooth complex showed lower stress values than the onesurface (O) and three-surface (MOD) restored cavities. The generated stress values in the twosurface (MO) restored cavity in the present study were less than that of the one-surface (O) or three-surface (MOD) restored cavities. It can be concluded that, by increasing the C-factor, higher stress values are more likely to occur in the restored tooth. Greater stress values were observed in endodontically treated tooth with MOD restoration, which might have negative consequences on the fracture strength of the whole structure

Sexaquark dilemma in neutron stars and its solution by quark deconfinement

Following the idea that a stable sexaquark state with quark content (uuddss) would have gone unnoticed by experiment so far and that such a particle would be a good dark matter candidate, we investigate the possible role of a stable sexaquark in the physics of compact stars given the stringent constraints on the equation of state that stem from observations of high mass pulsars and GW170817 bounds on the compactness of intermediate mass stars. We find that there is a "sexaquark dilemma" (analogous to the hyperon dilemma) for which the dissociation of the sexaquark in quark matter is a viable solution fulfilling all present constraints from multi-messenger astronomy. The parameters needed to model the hybrid star including sexaquarks are in line with parameters of pre-existing quark- and hadronic-matter models. We find that current constraints -- tidal deformability in accordance with GW170817 and maximum mass above the lower limit from PSR J0740+6620 -- can be satisfied two ways: with early quark deconfinement such that neither sexaquarks nor hyperons are present in any NS interiors, or with later deconfinement such that a neutron-sexaquark shell surrounds the inner quark matter core.Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures, 4 table

The association between reproductive characteristics and disability in iranian female patients with multiple sclerosis: a nationwide registry based cross-sectional study

Meeting Abstrac