DRAG FORCE RELATED TO BODY DIMENSIONS IN FRONT CRAWL SWIMMING

So far, a great deal of attention has been given to find out relationship between body dimensions (anthropometrical variables) and hydrodynamic resistance for actively swimming subjects. The development of a new indirect method for determining active drag (IMAD) warranted a reevaluation of this relationship, which was the aim of present study. Twenty one novice male swimmers with different body shape and experience ranging from 11 to 14 years and in mass from 35 to 70 kg have volunteered in this study. The variables were mass, height, upper limit length, arm, forearm, hand lengths, and torso, arm, and head circumferences. Very high and significant correlations were found between active drag and anthropometric variables. The drag force was ranging from 14.5 to 52.5 N. The results achieved from this study agreed well with the results obtained by other researchers using direct measurement systems

Attributes of Iranian new nurse preceptors: A phenomenological study

Preceptors should possess attributes which help them in successfully performing the demanding and challenging role in the preceptorship. This research utilises a qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological approach to explore the attributes of new nurse preceptors. Six preceptors of a teaching hospital in Northwest of Iran who were selected by means of purposive sampling. Data were collected during eight months from July 2014 to March 2015 through in-depth semi-structured personal interviews. Interviews were recorded and transcribed and then were analyzed with the interpretive approach using the Diekelmann's seven-stage method in the MAXQDA10 software environment. Findings included two main themes “feeling proud and honored” and “professionalism” with subthemes including empathy, being nonjudgmental, patience, and spirit of self-sacrifice. The spirit of self-sacrifice was a unique attribute revealed in this research. Preceptors possessed several important attributes which are usually stressed in the literature as selection criteria for preceptors. These attributes could be further drawn upon when selecting new preceptors. Preceptors are role models. Existence of the spirit of self-sacrifice among preceptors could contribute to transferring of such spirit to new nurses and future preceptors as well as to preceptors’ patience with challenges of their role. Effective preceptorship needs preceptors who possess specific professional and personal attributes. These attributes could be drawn upon more objectively in the process of selection, preparation and evaluation of preceptors by clinical and educational nursing managers.This article was part of a PhD dissertation approved and financially supported by the Research Deputy of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Grant numbers 5/55/7687, November 24, 2

Hacia un desarrollo agrícola sostenible basado en la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad de campo en la región de Miandoab, Irán

Explorar los límites agroecológicos es necesario para el desarrollo agrícola sostenible. La contaminación y la erosión del suelo son dos índices principales en la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad de la tierra. Los modelos Raizal y Pantanal dentro de MicroLEIS DSS, el paquete Ero&Con, se establecieron para identificar áreas vulnerables debido a los riesgos de erosión y contaminación, respectivamente. Este estudio se realizó en la región de Miandoab bajo diferentes escenarios de uso de la tierra con una extensión de aproximadamente 5269 ha en el noroeste de Irán (oeste de Azerbaiyán). Los datos morfológicos y analíticos extraídos de 62 perfiles de suelo representativos del área de estudio se utilizaron como información básica. Luego, se clasificaron un total de 17 unidades de tierra de acuerdo con el enfoque geopedológico. Los perfiles de suelo de referencia se categorizaron como Typic Torripsamments, Typic Haploxerepts, Typic Haplocambids y Typic Haplargids. Los resultados obtenidos mediante el uso de los modelos mencionados anteriormente se presentaron como un modo alcanzable, mientras que las prácticas de manejo no se mencionaron. La aplicación del modelo Raizal reveló que la erosión hídrica tiene un menor impacto que la erosión eólica en las clases de vulnerabilidad, mientras que el cambio climático dará como resultado áreas extremadamente vulnerables en el futuro. En términos de riesgos de contaminación del suelo resultantes del modelo Pantanal, los riesgos de fósforo se clasificaron en V2 (23%) y V4 (77%). Además, los riesgos de vulnerabilidad a la contaminación por metales pesados ​​y nitrógeno, así como por pesticidas, se clasificaron en V3 y V4. Dado que no hubo diferencias en las clases al cultivar maíz y trigo, las clases de vulnerabilidad alcanzables son iguales a las reales. En general, esta investigación demuestra que la aplicación de modelos aumenta nuestra comprensión sobre el comportamiento de las interacciones del suelo y el paisaje

Living With Moral Distress: The Perspectives and Experiences of Iranian Nurse Preceptors

Author's accepted version (post-print).Available from 28/11/2019.acceptedVersio

Electrocardiogram interpretation competency among emergency nurses and emergency medical service (EMS) personnel: A cross‐sectional and comparative descriptive study

AimsThe aim of this research study was to compare electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation competency among emergency nurses and EMS personnel.DesignA cross-sectional comparative descriptive study design was used.MethodsThis study recruited 170 participants (105 emergency nurses and 65 EMS personnel) in northwest of Iran. Data were collected during 2018 using ECG, an interpretation competency questionnaire and analysed using SPSS V.24 through independent t test, linear regression, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient. A statistical significance of p < .05 was assumed.ResultsThe study results showed a mean score of 6.65 ± 2.16 out of 10 for emergency nurses' and 4.87 ± 1.81 for EMS personnel ECG interpretation competency (p < .05).ConclusionsHospital emergency nurses were more qualified to interpret the ECG than the pre-hospital emergency medical personnel (p = .792 and β (SE)) = 0.22 (0.84). Active involvement in ECG interpretation and standard continued education are needed to develop and improve the emergency nurses and EMS personnel ECG interpretation competency

Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice with regards to nutritional management of diabetes mellitus

Abstract Background The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly worldwide. Nurses work collaboratively with multidisciplinary teams to improve diabetes management. Yet, little is known about nurses’ role in nutritional management of diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) toward nutritional management of diabetes. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 160 nurses, who were recruited between July 4 and July 18, 2021 from two referral tertiary teaching hospitals in Iran. A validated paper-based self-reported questionnaire was used to assess nurses’ KAP. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. Results The mean knowledge score of nurses about nutritional management of diabetes was 12.16 ± 2.83, and 61.2% showing a moderate knowledge level on nutritional management of diabetes. The mean attitudes score was 60.68 ± 6.11, with 86.92% of participants demonstrating positive attitudes. The mean practice score of study participants was 44.74 ± 7.81, with 51.9% having a moderate level of practice. Higher knowledge scores were observed among male nurses (B = -7.55, p = 0.009) and those with blended learning as a preferred learning method (B = 7.28, p = 0.029). Having an opportunity to provide education to patients with diabetes during shifts affected nurses’ attitudes positively (B = -7.59, p = 0.017). Practice scores were higher among nurses who perceived themselves competent in the nutritional management of diabetes (B = -18.05, p = 0.008). Conclusion Nurses’ knowledge and practice in the nutritional management of diabetes should be increased to help improve the quality of the dietary care and patient education they provide these patients. Further studies are needed to confirm the results of this study both in Iran and internationally

Can Children Enhance Their Family’s Health Knowledge? An Infectious Disease Prevention Program

Objective: The purpose of this study is to propose an innovative method of knowledge transfer that aims to improve health literacy about pediatric infectious diseases prevention in families. Children have an appreciable role in this scheme. Methods: This study is a before and after trial that has been conducted in Hamedan in 2009. After changing seven infectious disease topics into childish poems, we selected five kindergartens randomly and taught these poetries to the children. Teaching process held after a pretest containing 24 questions that examined 103 of parents about mentioned topics. The same post-test was given after 4 months of teaching process. Findings: The mean of correct answers to the pretest was 59.22% comparable with 81.00% for post-test (P<0.00). Gender and knowledge degree could not change the results significantly. Assuming one’s correct answers to the questions as his/her Knowledge Mark, the mean of this variable increased to 5.32 by this method. Conclusion: This cost-effective and joyful method had successful results in promoting health knowledge. Children are able to play an active role in family’s health situation. Learning within family atmosphere without any obligations makes our scheme a solution for paving the knowledge transferring way

Time-variable expression levels of mazF, atlE, sdrH, and bap genes during biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen causing infections related to the usage of implants and medical devices. Pathogenicity of this microorganism is mainly linked to its capability to form biofilm structures. Biofilm formation vastly depends on several factors including different proteins. We studied the expression levels of three proteins including SdrH, Bap, AtlE, and MazF at different time intervals during the course of biofilm formation. In this study, a catheter-derived S. epidermidis isolate with strong ability of biofilm formation was selected. PCR assay was used to detect sdrH, bap, atlE, and mazF genes in this isolate. Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression levels of these genes after 4, 8, and 20 h during the course of biofilm formation. The studied genes showed different expression levels at different time intervals during biofilm formation by real-time PCR method. Expression levels of atlE and sdrH genes were the highest at 4 h, whereas bap gene showed the highest expression level at 8 h during the course of biofilm formation. In addition, the expression level of mazF gene peaked at 4 h and then progressively decreased at 8 and 20 h. Our results suggest the importance of AtlE, SdrH, and MazF proteins in the establishment and development of the biofilm structure. In addition, our results showed the important role of protein Bap in the accumulation of biofilm structure. Future studies are required to understand the exact role of MazF in the process of biofilm formation

Upregulation of pmrA, pmrB, pmrC, phoQ, phoP, and arnT genes contributing to resistance to colistin in superbug Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from human clinical samples in Tehran, Iran

Background: Antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, particularly resistance to colistin, has become a growing concern. This study seeks to investigate the upregulation of specific genes (pmrA, pmrB, pmrC, phoQ, phoP, and arnT) that contribute to colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates collected from human clinical samples in Tehran, Iran. Methods: Thirty eight K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing, as well as evaluation for phenotypic AmpC and ESBL production according to CLSI guidelines. The investigation of antibiotic resistance genes was conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas the quantification of colistin resistance related genes expressions was performed via Real-Time PCR. Results: The highest and lowest antibiotics resistance were observed for cefotaxime 33 (86.8%) and minocycline 8 (21.1%), respectively. Twenty-four (63.2%) and 31 (81.6%) isolates carried AmpC and ESBLs, respectively. Also, antibiotic resistance genes containing blaNDM, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTXM, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6')-Ib were detected in K. pneumoniae isolates. Only 5 (13.1%) isolates were resistant to colistin and the MIC range of these isolates was between 4 and 64 μg ml−1. Upregulation of the pmrA, pmrB, pmrC, phoQ, phoP, and arnT genes was observed in colistin-resistant isolates. The colistin-resistant isolates were found to possess a simultaneous presence of ESBLs, AmpC, fluoroquinolone, aminoglycoside, and carbapenem resistant genes. Conclusions: This study reveals escalating antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae, with notable coexistence of various resistance traits, emphasizing the need for vigilant surveillance and innovative interventions