Electron-impact ionization of atomic hydrogen at 2 eV above threshold

The convergent close-coupling method is applied to the calculation of fully differential cross sections for ionization of atomic hydrogen by 15.6 eV electrons. We find that even at this low energy the method is able to yield predictive results with small uncertainty. As a consequence we suspect that the experimental normalization at this energy is approximately a factor of two too high.Comment: 10 page

Growing clean: identifying and investing in sustainable growth opportunities across the UK

This report, the 19th report for The Economy 2030 Inquiry, provides a hard-headed assessment of the opportunities presented to UK plc by the move to net zero, and considers how best these can be unlocked. It does this by considering carefully the UK’s pre-existing relative strengths in technologies, goods and services that are relevant for net zero. It also undertakes a series of ‘deep dives’ into key areas in the UK’s decarbonisation journey to investigate the extent of UK strengths that can be built upon to accelerate domestic deployment of related technologies as well as unlock export opportunities. Finally, it assesses how the UK’s financial sector can be oriented towards delivering the investment needed for net zero, and for realising related opportunities in the UK

Cosmic-ray ionization of molecular clouds

Low-energy cosmic rays are a fundamental source of ionization for molecular clouds, influencing their chemical, thermal and dynamical evolution. The purpose of this work is to explore the possibility that a low-energy component of cosmic-rays, not directly measurable from the Earth, can account for the discrepancy between the ionization rate measured in diffuse and dense interstellar clouds. We collect the most recent experimental and theoretical data on the cross sections for the production of H2+ and He+ by electron and proton impact, and we discuss the available constraints on the cosmic-ray fluxes in the local interstellar medium. Starting from different extrapolations at low energies of the demodulated cosmic-ray proton and electron spectra, we compute the propagated spectra in molecular clouds in the continuous slowing-down approximation taking into account all the relevant energy loss processes. The theoretical value of the cosmic-ray ionization rate as a function of the column density of traversed matter is in agreement with the observational data only if either the flux of cosmic-ray electrons or of protons increases at low energies. The most successful models are characterized by a significant (or even dominant) contribution of the electron component to the ionization rate, in agreement with previous suggestions. However, the large spread of cosmic-ray ionization rates inferred from chemical models of molecular cloud cores remains to be explained. Available data combined with simple propagation models support the existence of a low-energy component (below about 100 MeV) of cosmic-ray electrons or protons responsible for the ionization of molecular cloud cores and dense protostellar envelopes.Comment: 14 pages, 15 figure

Hyperspherical partial wave theory applied to electron hydrogen-atom ionization calculation for equal energy sharing kinematics

Hyperspherical partial wave theory has been applied here in a new way in the calculation of the triple differential cross sections for the ionization of hydrogen atoms by electron impact at low energies for various equal-energy-sharing kinematic conditions. The agreement of the cross section results with the recent absolute measurements of R\"oder \textit {et al} [51] and with the latest theoretical results of the ECS and CCC calculations [29] for different kinematic conditions at 17.6 eV is very encouraging. The other calculated results, for relatively higher energies, are also generally satisfactory, particularly for large $\Theta_{ab}$ geometries. In view of the present results, together with the fact that it is capable of describing unequal-energy-sharing kinematics [35], it may be said that the hyperspherical partial wave theory is quite appropriate for the description of ionization events of electron-hydrogen type systems. It is also clear that the present approach in the implementation of the hyperspherical partial wave theory is very appropriate.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, LaTeX file and EPS figures. To appear in Phys. Rev.

Improving Understanding Of and Compliance With Anti-Shivering Protocols During Therapeutic Hypothermia with Just-In-Time Training

Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest has been demonstrated to improve neurologic outcomes and survival rates following cardiac arrest. Shivering during hypothermia increases metabolic demand, increases oxygen consumption and increases difficulty maintaining desired temperatures. Gaps in knowledge can lead to inadequate management of shivering, leading Aims for Improvement To improve understanding of and compliance with anti-shivering protocols during therapeutic hypothermia post-cardiac arrest

A quasi classical approach to electron impact ionization

A quasi classical approximation to quantum mechanical scattering in the Moeller formalism is developed. While keeping the numerical advantage of a standard Classical--Trajectory--Monte--Carlo calculation, our approach is no longer restricted to use stationary initial distributions. This allows one to improve the results by using better suited initial phase space distributions than the microcanonical one and to gain insight into the collision mechanism by studying the influence of different initial distributions on the cross section. A comprehensive account of results for single, double and triple differential cross sections for atomic hydrogen will be given, in comparison with experiment and other theories.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, submitted to J Phys

Tailoring mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy in heart failure patients: are we moving towards a personalized approach?

The aim of personalized medicine is to offer a tailored approach to each patient in order to provide the most effective therapy, while reducing risks and side effects. The use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) has demonstrated major benefits in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), results with challenging inconsistencies in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and ‘neutral’ preliminary results in acute heart failure. Data derived from landmark trials are generally applied in a ‘one size fits all’ manner and the development and implementation of more personalized MRA management would offer the potential to improve outcomes and reduce side effects. However, the personalization of pharmacotherapy regimens remains poorly defined in the cardiovascular field (in light of current knowledge) and until further trials targeting specific subpopulations have been conducted, MRAs should be provided to the great majority of HFrEF patients in the absence of contraindication. Spironolactone should be considered for symptomatic HFpEF patients with elevated natriuretic peptides. In the near future, trials should target HFrEF patients using exclusion criteria sourced from landmark trials (e.g. severe renal impairment), select more homogeneous HFpEF populations (e.g. with elevated BNP and structural abnormalities on echocardiography), and determine which patients are likely to benefit from MRAs (e.g. according to prespecified biomarkers).Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138286/1/ejhf814_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138286/2/ejhf814.pd

Quality of life of palliative chemotherapy naive patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach or esophagogastric junction treated with irinotecan combined with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid: results of a randomised phase III trial

41st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology -- MAY 13-17, 2005 -- Orlando, FLWOS: 000268881000007PubMed ID: 19568958The quality of life (QL) of advanced gastric cancer patients receiving irinotecan, folinic acid and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (IF arm) or cisplatin with 5-FU (CF arm) is presented. Patients with measurable or evaluable advanced gastric cancer received IF weekly for 6/7 weeks or CF q4 weeks. QL was assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 at baseline, subsequently every 8 weeks until progression and thereafter every 3 months until death. The QL data were analysed using several statistical methods including summary measures and pattern-mixture modelling. A total of 333 patients were randomised and treated (IF 170, CF 163). The time-to-progression for IF and CF was 5.0 and 4.2 months (P = 0.088), respectively. The overall compliance rates for QL questionnaire completion were 60 and 56% in the IF and CF arms, respectively. Significant treatment differences were observed for the physical functioning scale (P = 0.024), nausea\vomiting (P = 0.001) and EQ-5D thermometer (P = 0.020) in favour of the IF treatment arm. There was a trend in favour of IF over CF in time-to-progression. The IF group also demonstrated a better safety profile than CF and a better QL on a number of multi-item scales, suggesting that IF offers an alternative first-line platinum-free treatment option for advanced gastric cancer.Amer Soc Clin Onco

The textual characteristics of traditional and Open Access scientific journals are similar

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recent years have seen an increased amount of natural language processing (NLP) work on full text biomedical journal publications. Much of this work is done with Open Access journal articles. Such work assumes that Open Access articles are representative of biomedical publications in general and that methods developed for analysis of Open Access full text publications will generalize to the biomedical literature as a whole. If this assumption is wrong, the cost to the community will be large, including not just wasted resources, but also flawed science. This paper examines that assumption.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We collected two sets of documents, one consisting only of Open Access publications and the other consisting only of traditional journal publications. We examined them for differences in surface linguistic structures that have obvious consequences for the ease or difficulty of natural language processing and for differences in semantic content as reflected in lexical items. Regarding surface linguistic structures, we examined the incidence of conjunctions, negation, passives, and pronominal anaphora, and found that the two collections did not differ. We also examined the distribution of sentence lengths and found that both collections were characterized by the same mode. Regarding lexical items, we found that the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the two collections was low, and was lower than the divergence between either collection and a reference corpus. Where small differences did exist, log likelihood analysis showed that they were primarily in the area of formatting and in specific named entities.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We did not find structural or semantic differences between the Open Access and traditional journal collections.</p

FSscan: a mechanism-based program to identify +1 ribosomal frameshift hotspots

In +1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF), ribosomes skip one nucleotide toward the 3′-end during translation. Most of the genes known to demonstrate +1 PRF have been discovered by chance or by searching homologous genes. Here, a bioinformatic framework called FSscan is developed to perform a systematic search for potential +1 frameshift sites in the Escherichia coli genome. Based on a current state of the art understanding of the mechanism of +1 PRF, FSscan calculates scores for a 16-nt window along a gene sequence according to different effects of the stimulatory signals, and ribosome E-, P- and A-site interactions. FSscan successfully identified the +1 PRF site in prfB and predicted yehP, pepP, nuoE and cheA as +1 frameshift candidates in the E. coli genome. Empirical results demonstrated that potential +1 frameshift sequences identified promoted significant levels of +1 frameshifting in vivo. Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of the frameshifted proteins expressed from a yehP-egfp fusion construct. FSscan allows a genome-wide and systematic search for +1 frameshift sites in E. coli. The results have implications for bioinformatic identification of novel frameshift proteins, ribosomal frameshifting, coding sequence detection and the application of mass spectrometry on studying frameshift proteins