The Study of the Relationship between the Capital Structure and the Variables of the Value-based Performance Assessment

Decision-making about the capital structure meaning company's finance, like other managers' decisions has an impact on the company's value. Therefore, determining an optimal capital structure in order to select financial sources is of crucial importance. To do so, the managers must be aware of the effects of influential variables on the capital structure. In order to assess the performance of business, different criteria have been presented, among which are the relationships of the value-based performance assessment. The present study aims at showing the correlation between the capital structure and the variables of the value-based performance assessment. The study is among descriptive researches and its methodology is ex post facto method. Also the hypotheses of the research have been tested using Spss19. Based on results, there is a negative and meaningful relationship between the capital structure and the variables of value-based performance assessment including Economic Value-Added (EVA), Market Value-Added (MVA), Cash Value-Added (CVA) in 219 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange within a time period of 5 years from 2007 to 2011. Keywords: Capital Structure, Economic Value-Added (EVA), Market Value-Added (MVA), Cash Value-Added (CVA

Dibromido{N′-[1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl­idene]picolinohydrazide-κ2 N′,O}cadmium

The title compound, [CdBr2(C13H12N4O)], was obtained from the reaction of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O with meth­yl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone picolinoylhydrazone and sodium bromide. The Cd2+ cation is ligated by one O atom and two N atoms of the tridentate ligand and two bromide anions, forming a Br2CdN2O polyhedron with a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal coordination geometry. In the crystal, non-classical C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds are observed. In addition, π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.7455 (19) Å] contribute to the stabilization of the crystal structure

Evaluating the Knowledge and Attitude of Service Providing Personnel of Sari Regarding First Aid; a Cross-Sectional Study

مقدمه: داشتن اطلاعات کافی در زمینه آگاهی و نگرش افراد جهت هرگونه برنامه‌ریزی و مداخلات آموزشی مناسب با هدف فراگیری کمکهای اولیه در جامعه ضروری می باشد. مطالعه حاضر در سال 1394جهت بررسی دانش و نگرش نیروهای خدماتی شهر ساری درباره کمکهای اولیه و در چهار گروه شغلی پلیس، رانندگان تاکسی، رانندگان اتوبوس و آتش‌نشانان انجام شد. روش کار: این مطالعه از نوع مقطعی بوده و جامعه پژوهش شامل رانندگان تاکسی و اتوبوس شهری، پلیس و آتش‌نشانان شهر ساری در سال 1394 بود. نمونه‌گیری بصورت تصادفی ساده طبقه‌بندی شده و با حجم نمونه 500 نفر انجام شد. دانش و نگرش مشارکت کنندگان با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته و با نرم‌افزار SPSS ویرایش 22 مورد تجزیه تحلیل قرار گرفت. يافته ها: تعداد 500 نفر با میانگین سنی51/.8 ±32/40 (حداقل 28 و حداکثر 60) سال که همگی مرد بودند در این مطالعه شرکت کردند. افراد شرکت کننده در مطالعه دارای میانگین بعد خانوار 8/13 ± 1/4 بودند. میانگین نمره نگرش 8/51 ± 2/11 بود. بیشترین فراوانی نمره کسب شده در نگرش برابر با 12 بود و بیشترین امتیاز نگرشی نیز مربوط به سازمان آتش نشانی و خدمات ایمنی با میانگین امتیاز 8/17 و کمترین امتیاز نیز مربوط به رانندگان تاکسی سازمان تاکسیرانی با میانگین امتیاز 2/11 از حداکثر نمره 20 بود. متوسط نمره آگاهی بدست آمده 7/42 ± 2/7 بود. بالاترین میانگین آگاهی مربوط به آتش نشانی با امتیاز 6/11 و کمترین آن مربوط به تاکسی رانی با امتیاز 1/7 از حداکثر نمره 20 بود. نتيجه گيری: نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که سطح آگاهی و نگرش نیروهای ارائه کننده خدمات به مردم در مورد کمکهای اولیه مناسب نبوده و آموزشها در این زمینه مطلوب نمی‌باشد که جهت ارتقا آن نیاز به برنامه‌ریزی مدون، کلاسهای بازآموزی و آموزشهای بدو و حین خدمت با تمرکز بر افزایش مهارت می‌باشد.Introduction: Having sufficient data regarding the knowledge and attitude of individuals towards any planning and appropriate educational interventions with the aim of learning first aid in society is essential. The present study was performed in 2015 for evaluating knowledge and attitude of service providing personnel of Sari, Iran, regarding first aid in 4 occupational groups of police, taxi driver, bus driver, and firefighter. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional one and the study population consists of city taxi and bus drivers, police and firefighters of Sari, Iran, in 2015. Sampling was done via simple random method and with a sample size of 500 individuals. Knowledge and attitude of the participants was evaluated using a questionnaire designed by the researchers and via SPSS software version 22. Results: A total of 500 individuals with an average age of 40.32 ± 8.51 (at least 28 and a maximum of 60) years, all men, participated in this study. Participants of the study had a mean family dimension of 4.1 ± 13.8. Mean attitude score was 11.2 ± 51.8. The highest frequency of obtained score in attitude belonged to 12 and the highest attitude score belonged to firefighting and safety services organization with the mean score of 17.8 and the lowest score belonged to taxi drivers of taxi driving organization with the mean score of 11.2 from the maximum possible score of 20. Mean knowledge score obtained was 7.2 ± 42.7. The highest mean of knowledge belonged to firefighters with the mean score of 11.6 and the lowest score belonged to taxi drivers with the mean score of 7.1 from the maximum possible score of 20. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that level of knowledge and attitude of those providing service to people was not proper regarding first aids and trainings in this regard is not desirable. To improve it, there is a need for schedule planning, retraining classes and trainings at the beginning and during service with concentration on improving the skills.

Selection of Wastewater Treatment Plants Toward a Sustainable Design and Water Reuse: (A Case Study in the City of Mashhad)

The need for water reuse application in Mashhad which is the second largest city of Iran has been recognized in recent years. This need has forced local authorities to pursue upgrading the existing or installing the more advanced wastewater treatment plants for potential water reuse applications. However, the selection of suitable wastewater treatment train technologies is complex and may require a user-friendly tool to facilitate decision-making process for authorities, which is the focus of this paper. To advance the main focus of the study, this paper is prepared to develop and simulate various treatment train technologies based on multiple criteria analysis considering technical, social, economic, and environmental issues. The treatment technologies considered for simulations in this study include Moving Bed Bio Reactor, Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge, Sequencing Batch Reactor, Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic, and Modified Ludzack-Ettinger. At first, multiple simulations were performed and then a multi-criteria analysis was performed in order to select the most appropriate treatment technology. As part of this study, additional simulations were performed with respect to different sludge management alternatives including the utilization of energy produced from biogas. The overall results showed that A2/O treatment technology is the most suitable treatment for producing a highly reliable effluent quality for sustainable use of water reuse. With additional local data collection, the methods and the preliminary simulations performed in this study can further be improved to enhance the current decision-making tool for possible future practical use in Mashhad and other cities in Iran

Amniotic Membrane Transplantation for Persistent Epithelial Defects and Ulceration due to Pseudomonas Keratitis in a Rabbit Model

Purpose: The use of amniotic membrane has been suggested in the treatment ofinfectious keratitis for its intrinsic anti-infective properties probably mediated by its antiinflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) along with ciprofloxacin to cure the primary stages of Pseudomonas keratitis. Methods: In total, 28 rabbits were selected and divided in four groups as follows: group 1 as control, group 2 with amniotic membrane, group 3 with ciprofloxacin, and group 4 with amniotic membrane combined with ciprofloxacin. About 0.05 cc suspension of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 27853 ATCC was injected into corneal stroma. Results: The results showed groups of AMT, AMT + ciprofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin had 0% perforation while the control group had 85.6%. Average infiltration of 5.5 mm was observed in ciprofloxacin group, 5 mm in AMT + ciprofloxacin group, 24 mm in AMT group, and finally 23.75 mm for control. Amniotic membrane showed to be effective in prevention of cornea perforation as well as remission of Pseudomonas keratitis. There was no significant difference between ciprofloxacin groups in comparison with ciprofloxacin + AMT group. However, regarding the anti-inflammatory effect, the process of improvement of inflammation in ciprofloxacin + AMT group was faster. Conclusion: Transplantation of amniotic membrane in the primary stages of Pseudomonas keratitis treatment remarkably prevents the disease and it can be used to control its process

The Effects of Port Water Injection on Spark Ignition Engine Performance and Emissions Fueled by Pure Gasoline, E5 and E10

It has been proven that vehicle emissions such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are negatively affecting the health of human beings as well as the environment. In addition, it was recently highlighted that air pollution may result in people being more vulnerable to the deadly COVID-19 virus. The use of biofuels such as E5 and E10 as alternatives of gasoline fuel have been recommended by different researchers. In this paper, the impacts of port injection of water to a spark ignition engine fueled by gasoline, E5 and E10 on its performance and NOx production have been investigated. The experimental work was undertaken using a KIA Cerato engine and the results were used to validate an AVL BOOST model. To develop the numerical analysis, design of experiment (DOE) method was employed. The results showed that by increasing the ethanol fraction in gasoline/ethanol blend, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) improved between 2.3% and 4.5%. However, the level of NOx increased between 22% to 48%. With port injection of water up to 8%, there was up to 1% increase in engine power whereas NOx and BSFC were reduced by 8% and 1%, respectively. The impacts of simultaneous changing of the start of combustion (SOC) and water injection rate on engine power and NOx production was also investigated. It was found that the NOx concentration is very sensitive to SOC variation

The Role of Antiepileptic Treatment in the Recurrence Rate of Seizures After First Attack: A Randomized Clinical Trial

How to Cite This Article: Assarzadegan F, Tabesh H, Hesami O, Derakhshanfar H, Beladi Moghadam N, Shoghli A, Beale A.D, Hosseini-Zijoud S.M. The Role of Antiepileptic Treatment in the Recurrence Rate of Seizures After First Attack: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Iran JChild Neurol. Spring 2015; 9(2):46-52.AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy is a serious, potentially life-shortening brain disorder that occurs in patients of all ages and races. A total of 2–4% of people have experienced seizures at least once in their lifetime. Although treatment usually begins after a seizure, it is an important question whether the first cases of seizure do need to be treated by antiepileptic drugs. In this manner, we compare the recurrence rates of epilepsy in first seizure patients treated with sodium valproic acid as an antiepileptic drug versus a placebo.Material & MethodsIn a randomized clinical trial study, 101 first seizure patients were randomly divided into two groups: one group was treated with antiepileptic drugs (sodium valproate 200mg, three times a day) and the other group was given a placebo.The recurrence rate of seizures was evaluated and compared between the groups after 6 months of follow up.ResultsEight recurrence cases were detected. All recurrence cases came from the placebo group, with four patients suffering an additional seizure after four months and between 4-6 month follow up. A comparison of recurrence rate detected a statistically significant difference between the drug group and placebo group.ConclusionOur data shows that the recurrences occurred only in the placebo group with the difference between the recurrence rates in the placebo versus drug-treated was significant. Our results suggest that drug therapy for people after their first seizure attack might reduce the probability of seizure recurrence

Amniotic Membrane Transplantation for Persistent Epithelial Defects and Ulceration due to Pseudomonas Keratitis in a Rabbit Model

Purpose: The use of amniotic membrane has been suggested in the treatment of infectious keratitis for its intrinsic anti-infective properties probably mediated by its antiinflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) along with ciprofloxacin to cure the primary stages of Pseudomonas keratitis. Methods: In total, 28 rabbits were selected and divided in four groups as follows: group 1 as control, group 2 with amniotic membrane, group 3 with ciprofloxacin, and group 4 with amniotic membrane combined with ciprofloxacin. About 0.05 cc suspension of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 27853 ATCC was injected into corneal stroma. Results: The results showed groups of AMT, AMT + ciprofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin had 0% perforation while the control group had 85.6%. Average infiltration of 5.5 mm was observed in ciprofloxacin group, 5 mm in AMT + ciprofloxacin group, 24 mm in AMT group, and finally 23.75 mm for control. Amniotic membrane showed to be effective in prevention of cornea perforation as well as remission of Pseudomonas keratitis. There was no significant difference between ciprofloxacin groups in comparison with ciprofloxacin + AMT group. However, regarding the anti-inflammatory effect, the process of improvement of inflammation in ciprofloxacin + AMT group was faster. Conclusion: Transplantation of amniotic membrane in the primary stages of Pseudomonas keratitis treatment remarkably prevents the disease and it can be used to control its process. Keywords: Ciprofloxacin; Human Amniotic Membrane; Keratitis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rabbi

Amniotic Membrane Transplantation for Persistent Epithelial Defects and Ulceration due to Pseudomonas Keratitis in a Rabbit Model

Purpose: The use of amniotic membrane has been suggested in the treatment of infectious keratitis for its intrinsic anti-infective properties probably mediated by its antiinflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) along with ciprofloxacin to cure the primary stages of Pseudomonas keratitis. Methods: In total, 28 rabbits were selected and divided in four groups as follows: group 1 as control, group 2 with amniotic membrane, group 3 with ciprofloxacin, and group 4 with amniotic membrane combined with ciprofloxacin. About 0.05 cc suspension of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 27853 ATCC was injected into corneal stroma. Results: The results showed groups of AMT, AMT + ciprofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin had 0% perforation while the control group had 85.6%. Average infiltration of 5.5 mm was observed in ciprofloxacin group, 5 mm in AMT + ciprofloxacin group, 24 mm in AMT group, and finally 23.75 mm for control. Amniotic membrane showed to be effective in prevention of cornea perforation as well as remission of Pseudomonas keratitis. There was no significant difference between ciprofloxacin groups in comparison with ciprofloxacin + AMT group. However, regarding the anti-inflammatory effect, the process of improvement of inflammation in ciprofloxacin + AMT group was faster. Conclusion: Transplantation of amniotic membrane in the primary stages of Pseudomonas keratitis treatment remarkably prevents the disease and it can be used to control its process. Keywords: Ciprofloxacin; Human Amniotic Membrane; Keratitis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rabbi