Plazma okside edilebilirlik testi koroner kalp cerrahisi geçiren hastalarda antioksidan durumu yansıtmayabilir

[Abtract Not Available

Formation of authoritarian secularism in Turkey: Ramadans in the early republican era, 1923-1938

The aim of this study, which was inspired by François Georgeon's study of Ramadans in the late Ottoman Empire, is to analyze Ramadans in the early Republican era. By decoding the official attitude towards Ramadans, this research tries to discover to what extent the Kemalist regime regulated and transformed Ramadan, with which purposes and mechanisms it did so, and whether or not this process entailed a significant change in the publicness and socialness of Ramadan. Based on these analyses, this study attempts to answer the following question: What can be derived from the particular case of Republican Ramadans about the broader project of Kemalist secularization and about the conceptual framework of Kemalist authoritarian secularism? In addition, from a comparative perspective, it also aims to supplement the discussion on continuity and/or change between Ottoman and Republican periods. Lastly, this study tries to make a contribution to the debate on whether Republican secularization was a solid, determined project or a gradual process. The primary source of this study is the content and discourse analysis of the newspaper Hakimiyeti Milliye. In addition, the Prime Ministry Republican Archives (Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi) were also scrutinized. The main texts of Ottoman/Republican history were reviewed and some recent analyses, both theoretical and historical, also included to reflect the contemporary discussions on Republican secularism. Based on the study of Republican Ramadans, it can be argued that the Kemalist regime regulated Ramadan and tried to transform its crucial position in the social and religious life of society. At the same time, it used the functional aspects of the Ramadan atmosphere and kept it under control in order to prevent it from being used as a possible means of social opposition or religious revival. While the Republican period exhibits similarities with the 1908 era in this sense, the former became much more authoritarian in its policies. The official attitude towards Ramadan changed gradually in response to particular problems that the new regime faced. Through an examination of Republican Ramadans, this thesis offers four main pillars in the way to conceptualize Kemalist authoritarian secularism: Diminishing the visibility of Islam; total control over the religious sphere, including limiting people's religiosity; a claim to true Islam; and nationalisation of Islam

Studying self-efficacy beliefs in medical education

AbstractThe aim is to identify a relevant framework to study self-efficacy in relation to the impact of medical education curricula. In medical education research, self-efficacy beliefs have mostly been studied in relation to their impact on the mastery of communication competencies and clinical skills. Few studies are available – in the medical domain – that centre on a broader range of medical curriculum competencies, the way self-efficacy improves self-regulated learning, how self-efficacy affects motivation, provides study support, how self-efficacy boosts the career development of students and, how self-efficacy influences social and emotional support of students

The relationship between preoperative plasma total antioxidant capacity and ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery

Amaç: Miyokardiyumda iskemi-reperfüzyon sırasında oluşan hasarın oksidatif stresten kaynaklandığı ileri sürülmektedir. Bu çalışmada bazal total antioksidan kapasite (TAOK) düzeyinin iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarına olan etkisi incelendi. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Koroner bypass ameliyatı uygulanan 21 hastanın koroner sinüslerinden koroner bypass başlamadan önce (bazal durum), iskemi sonunda, çapraz klemp kaldırıldıktan beş dakika sonra (erken reperfüzyon) ve yan klemp kaldırıldıktan 15 dakika sonra (geç reperfüzyon) kan örnekleri alındı. Total antioksidan kapasite, lipid peroksit (LPO) ve laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH) düzeyleri ölçüldü. Hastalar bazal TAOK düzeyine göre iki gruba ayrıldı: TAOK değeri %60'dan düşük bulunan 10 olgu grup I'i (8 erkek, 2 kadın; ort. yaş 57), %60 veya üzeri olan 11 olgu grup II'yi (10 erkek, 1 kadın; ort. yaş 53) oluşturdu. Bulgular: Ameliyat süresince her iki grupta da LDH ve LPO düzeyleri ameliyat döneminde artarken, TAOK düzeylerinin baskılandığı görüldü. Grup I’de LDH ve LPO salınımı grup II’den fazla idi. Ameliyat öncesi ve ameliyat süresince TAOK düzeyleri grup I'de grup II'den anlamlı derecede düşük bulundu (ameliyat öncesi, iskemi ve erken reperfüzyon dönemleri için p<0.001, geç reperfüzyon dönemi için p<0.05). Bazal TAOK ile LPO arasında tüm evrelerde, LDH ile geç reperfüzyon döneminde negatif ilişki görüldü. Sonuç: Ameliyat öncesindeki düşük TAOK değerlerinin iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarı ve miyokard hasarının şiddetiyle ilişkili olduğu sonucuna varıldı.Objectives: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the occurrence of myocardial injury during ischemia-reperfusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of basal total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) on ischemiareperfusion injury. Patients and Methods: Blood samples were taken from the coronary sinus of 21 patients prior to coronary bypass (basal), at the end of ischemia, five minutes after the removal of the cross clamp (early reperfusion), and 15 minutes after the removal of the lateral clamp (late reperfusion). The levels of TAOC, lipid peroxide (LPO), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined. The patients were divided into two groups as follows: group I included 10 patients (8 males, 2 females, mean age 57 years) with TAOC &lt;%60 and group II included 11 patients (10 males, 1 female, mean age 53 years) with TAOC .%60. Results: The levels of LDH and LPO increased, while those of TAOC were suppressed in both groups throughout surgery. The levels of LDH and LPO were higher in group I than those of group II. The TOAC levels in group I were invariably and significantly lower than those of group II (for basal, ischemia, early reperfusion periods, p&lt;0.001; late reperfusion, p&lt;0.05). Inverse relationships were found between the basal TOAC and LPO at all the periods, and with LDH in the late reperfusion period. Conclusion: Our data suggest that basal TAOC values may be associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury and the degree of ensuing myocardial damage

The preoperative serum CA125 can predict the lymph node metastasis in endometrioid-type endometrial cancer

Objectives: To evaluate the predictive value of preoperative CA125 in extra-uterine disease and its association with poorprognostic factors in endometrioid-type endometrial cancer (EC).Material and methods: A total of 423 patients with pathologically proven endometrioid-type EC were included in thestudy. The association between preoperative CA125 level and surgical–pathological factors was evaluated. The conventional cut-off value was defined as 35 IU/mL.Results: A high CA125 level ( &gt; 35 IU/mL) was significantly associated with all of the studied poor prognostic factors,except grade. The risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) increased from 15.9% to 45.7% when CA125 level was &gt; 35 IU/mL (p &lt; 0.05). The optimal cut-off value for the prediction of LNM in patients aged &gt; 50 years was determined to be 16 IU/mL (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 71%, 60%, 35%, and 87%, respectively.)Conclusions: Preoperative CA125 level was significantly related with the extent of the disease and LNM. The age-dependent cut-off level of CA125 can improve the prediction of LNM in endometrioid-type EC. For older patients, CA125 level of &gt; 16 IU/ml could be used to predict LNM. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate cut-off level of CA125 for younger patients

The construct validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Spreitzer's psychological empowerment scale

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Today, many organizations have adopted some kind of empowerment initiative for at least part of their workforce. Over the last two decades, two complementary perspectives on empowerment at work have emerged: structural and psychological empowerment. Psychological empowerment is a motivational construct manifested in four cognitions: meaning, competence, self-determination and impact. The aim of this article is to examine the construct validity and reliability of the Turkish translation of Spreitzer's psychological empowerment scale in a culturally diverse environment.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The scale contains four dimensions over 12 statements. Data were gathered from 260 nurses and 161 physicians. The dimensionality of the scale was evaluated by exploratory factor analyses. To investigate the multidimensional nature of the empowerment construct and the validity of the scale, first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Furthermore, Cronbach alpha coefficients were assessed to investigate reliability.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Exploratory factor analyses revealed that four factors in both solutions. The first- and second-order factor analysis indicated an acceptable fit between the data and the theoretical model for nurses and physicians. Cronbach alpha coefficients varied between 0.81-0.94 for both groups, which may be considered satisfactory.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The analyses indicated that the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the scale can be considered satisfactory.</p

The first clinical case due to AP92 like strain of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus and a field survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a fatal infection, but no clinical case due to AP92 strain was reported. We described the first clinical case due to AP92 like CCHFV.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A case infected by a AP92 like CCHFV was detected in Balkanian part of Turkey. Diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR and sequencing. A human serologic and tick survey studies were performed in the region, where the case detected.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Thirty eight individuals out of 741 were found to be anti CCHFV IgM positive. The attack rate for overall CCHFV was calculated as 5.2%. In univariate analyses, CCHFV IgM positivity was found to be associated with the age (p < 0.001), male gender (p = 0.001), agricultural activity (p = 0.036), and history of tick bite (p = 0.014). In multivariate analysis, older age (OR: 1.03, CI:1.01–1.05, p < 0.001), male gender were found to be the risk factors (OR: 2.5, CI:1.15–5.63, p = 0.020) for CCHFV infection.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This is the first human case with AP92 like CCHFV infection. Furthermore, this is the first report of AP92 like strain in Turkey. In the region, elderly males carry the highest risk for CCHFV infection.</p

Simulation-based learning: how can be used to prepare teacher?

A simulação é um papel central, especialmente no ensino das ciências da saúde e espera-se que ela aumente à medida que as mudanças sociais, jurídicas, educacionais e tecnológicos continuam mudando. Apesar de a simulação estar sendo amplamente utilizada no ensino das ciências da saúde, por um longo tempo, ela ainda é usada limitadamente na preparação e formação de professores. Ambientes de ensino simulados têm o potencial de criar experiência para os professores. Em ambiente simulado, os futuros professores podem ser capazes de praticar habilidades de ensino. Neste estudo, pretende-se avaliar o propósito e evidências para a utilidade da simulação na formação de professores. Artigos originais e artigos de revisão, relacionados à simulação na formação de habilidades docentes foram pesquisados nos bancos de dados da Academic Search Complete, ERIC e PsycARTICLES. As palavras-chave usadas foram "simulação", "educação baseada em simulação", "simulação em sala de aula", "formação de professores", "preparação de professores", "candidatos a professores" e "pré-professores em serviço". Artigos que investigaram a formação de habilidades de ensino durante a graduação de professores foram revistos e discutidos. A maioria das pesquisas indica que simulações levam a melhorias significativas nas habilidades de ensino dos futuros professores. Verificou-se que havia um grande corpo de estudo teórico sobre os benefícios de simulações em educação, mas relativamente pouca pesquisa experimental ou de intervenção sobre os benefícios ou dificuldades de usar simulações em habilidades de ensino.Simulation is a central role especially in health science education and it is expected that it will increase as social, legal, educational and technological changes proceed. Although simulation has been used widely in health science education for a long while, it has limitedly used in teacher preparation and education. Simulated teaching environments have the potential to create experiment for teachers. In simulated environment, prospective teachers may be able to practice teaching skills. In this study, it is aimed to review the purpose and evidence for the utility of simulation in teacher education. Original articles and review articles related to simulation in training teaching skills with key words such as “simulation”, “simulation-based education”, “classroom simulation”, “teacher education”, “teacher preparation”, “prospective teachers” and “pre-service teachers” via “Academic Search Complete”, “ERIC”, and “PsycARTICLES” databases were searched. Articles, investigated training of teaching skills in undergraduate teacher education was reviewed and discussed. Most research indicates that simulations lead to significant improvements in the teaching skills of students. It was seen that there were a large body of theoretical study on the benefits of simulations in education but relatively little experimental or interventional research on the benefits or difficulty of using simulations in teaching skills