Echinodermata, Holothuria Atra, in an Intertidal Seagrass Bed Off the Bama Beach, Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia

The occurrence of sea cucumber, Holothuria atra, was assessed in the seagrass area of the Bama beach, Baluran National Park in East Java. The study investigated the frequency and early stages of seagrass association preference of H. atra. Survey was conducted in May 2011 using belt transect (1m x 100m with three replicates). Frequency of H. atra and their association with seagrass were recorded. Furthermore, length and wet weight of each individual of H. atra were measured. The total of 146 individuals of H. atra were observed in which 37.67% associated with Enhalus acoroides (EA), 23.29% associated with Cymodocea rotundata (CR), 23,29% associated with mixed seagrass species of E. acoroides and C. rotundata, and 15.75% associated with no seagrass habitats. The results suggested that small size H. atra might prefer to live under the taller seagrass stands such E. acoroides, which could be morphologically benefits the H. atra by providing better protection and shelter area

OXYGEN INCREASE ON MODIFIED PADDLE WHEEL OF MARINE AND FISHERIES POLYTECHNIC OF SIDOARJO

One type of aeration device is a paddle wheel which is the most common aerator used for aquaculture ponds (Wyban et al. 1989; Moore & Whitis 1999; Laksitanonta et al., 2003). The aeration rate is influenced by the surface area of water and air contact, the difference of oxygen concentration, coating film coefficient and turbulence (Boyd 1998) The geometry, and speed of the spin mill affect aeration performance (Peterson & Walker 2002; Moulick et al., 2002). Aerator performance is an important factor in the selection and use of aerators as they relate to investment and operational costs, so that the development of aerator design and improved operating performance is still possible to do. The purpose of this research is to know the comparison of paddle wheel performance result of modified design versus paddle wheels manufacturer. The research was designed with 2 (two) different types of paddle wheel which is the treatment of 1 (one) paddle wheel from the modified of construction design with a power of 0.37 kwh-1 0.5 hp and the treatment of 2 (two) artificial paddle wheel from manufacturer with 0.78 kwh-1 1 hp. Statistical analysis use T-test. The results of research is modified Paddle wheel (Treatment 1) was increased of DO = 2.56 ppm; Coverage area = 418929,6 cm2; diameter bursts= 132.2 cm. Conventional paddle wheel performance (treatment 2) was increased of DO = 2.54 ppm; Coverage area = 41983,8 cm2; The diameter of the bursts is 130.2cm. The t test results (statistic) on all variables showed no significant different (p= 0.595). This means the performance of the modified paddle wheel with 0.37 KWh-1 0.5 hp one phase is the same as the conventional paddle wheel performance with 0.78KWh-1 1 hp two phase power but there are energy saving 0.41 KWh-1

Periode Kritis Kedelai Hitam (Glycine max (L.) Merill) Terhadap Gulma, Pengaruhnya pada Hasil dan Kualitas Benih Selama Penyimpanan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui periode kritis kedelai hitam terhadap gulma saat penanaman terhadap kualitas benih selama penyimpanan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Benih dan Rumah kaca Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan berupa benih dari hasil tanaman kedelai hitam bebas gulma selama 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mst, sampai panen dan benih dari hasil tanaman kedelai hitam bergulma selama 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mst, sampai panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan periode kritis kedelai hitam terhadap gulma memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil. Hasil dari perlakuan kedelai hitam bebas gulma lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan kedelai hitam bergulma. Sedangkan perlakuan periode kritis kedelai hitam terhadap gulma tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas benih selama penyimpanan. Kualitas benih dapat terjaga baik sampai penyimpanan bulan ke-5

The littoral sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) of Guam re-assessed - a diversity curve that still does not asymptote

The Micronesian island of Guam has been an important site for the study of littoral tropical holothuriantaxonomy for almost 200 years. Despite substantial attention by both expeditions and resident taxonomists, new records arestill regularly added to the fauna, demonstrating the challenge of documenting even such large and well-known animals ina small hyper-diverse area. Guam is the type locality of species described by Quoy & Gaimard (1833) and Brandt (1835).A survey of the sea cucumber fauna by Rowe & Doty (1977) led to one of the most used guides for the identification oftropical Pacific sea cucumbers because of the color illustrations of living animals it presented. Focus on echinodermsincluding holothurians continued with numerous new records added in the following decades. Paulay (2003a) summarizedthe fauna last, recording 46-47 species. At this stage the fauna was thought to be well documented. A week-long workshopon holothurian systematics sponsored by the National Science Foundation PEET (Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise inTaxonomy) project in 2010 included a substantial field work component, sampling both during the day and night, withsnorkeling and SCUBA, across a variety of habitats. This survey yielded 40 species, including numerous new records andeven species. Further sampling by Kerr’s lab since the workshop has added additional records. The littoral holothuroidfauna of Guam now comprises 65 species in 17 genera and 7 families. Half of the 19 newly recorded species are the resultof unravelling cryptic species in complexes, the other half are based on new collections. Eleven species are known fromsingle specimens, suggesting that much still remains to be learned about the fauna

The littoral sea cucumber (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) fauna of Guam re-assessed – a diversity curve that still does not asymptote

The Micronesian island of Guam has been an important site for the study of tropical holothuroid taxonomy for almost 200 years. Despite such substantial attention by both expeditions and resident taxonomists, new records are being regularly added to the fauna demonstrating the challenge of documenting the biota of even a small hyper-diverse area. Guam is the type locality of species described by Quoy & Gaimard (1833) and Brandt (1835). A survey of the sea cucumber fauna by Rowe & Doty (1977) led to one of the most used guides for the identification of tropical Pacific sea cucumbers because of the color illustrations of living animals it presented. Focus on echinoderms including holothuroids continued with numerous new records added in the following decades. Paulay (2003) summarized the fauna last, recording 46 species, including 9 new records. At this stage the fauna was thought to be well documented. A week-long workshop on holothuroid systematics sponsered by the NSF PEET project in 2010 included a substantial field work component, sampling both during the day and night, with snorkeling and SCUBA, across a variety of habitats, yielding more than 40 species. 10 of these proved new records for Guam; two proved new to science. Further sampling by Kerr’s lab since the workshop has added two additional species. The holothuroid fauna of Guam thus now comprises 58 species that belong to 17 genera and 7 families. This contribution presents them as an illustrated and briefly annotated checklist

Karakteristik Kualitas Ikan Tongkol (Euthynnus Affinis) Asap dengan Asap Cair Bonggol Jagung Selama Penyimpanan Beku

Aplikasi asap cair telah dikembangkan saat ini sebagai alternatif metode pengasapan yang menghasilkan kualitas ikan asap yang lebih baik dibandingkan pengasapan tradisonal. Penyimpanan pada suhu beku dapat memperpanjang umur simpan dan kualitas ikan asap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji Perubahan karakteristik tekstur dan nutrisi ikan tongkol asap dengan asap cair bonggol jagung yang disimpan pada suhu beku ±-18 0C selama 28 hari. Parameter uji yang digunakan adalah kadar air, nilai pH, kadar protein, kelarutan protein, dan karakteristik tekstur ikan secara mikroskopik dengan Scanning Electron Microscope. Analisis data dalam percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan perlakuan lama penyimpanan yang berbeda (0 hari; 14 hari; dan 28 hari) pada suhu beku ±-18 0C . Hasil analisa ragam menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan suhu beku pada ikan tongkol asap dengan asap cair bonggol jagung memberikan perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kualitas ikan asap meliputi kadar air, nilai pH, kadar protein, dan kelarutan protein. Selama penyimpanan, terjadi penurunan nilai kadar air, pH, kadar protein, dan kelarutan protein yang signifikan. Karakteristik tekstur ikan secara mikroskopik menunjukkan Perubahan struktur morfologi daging ikan selama penyimpanan 28 hari di suhu beku. Perubahan tekstur tersebut terjadi akibat proses denaturasi protein. Ikatan-ikatan struktur daging akan berkurang selama penyimpanan akibat ketidakmampuan protein miofibril mengikat air yang ditunjukkan dengan terbentuknya benang-benang miosin yang semakin bertambah selama penyimpanan