Government Immigration Policies in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a virus that emerged at the end of 2019. In less than a year, the virus led to a pandemic with cross-country spread [1]. The spread of Covid-19 brought from people entering a country is referred to as an imported case [2]. In Indonesia, the first case of Covid-19 is thought to have been a close contact of foreign nationals, which implies that Covid-19 was brought from abroad and then spread locally among people in Indonesia. The Immigration Department, as part of the Government’s duties to manage the traffic of people from and to Indonesia, has an important role in handling the Covid-19 pandemic. This involves controls and restrictions on people’s movement to enter and leave Indonesian territory, and also immigration service transformation for Indonesian citizens and foreign citizens. People sometimes view immigration policies as contradictory. However, immigration policy must prioritize public health security and the national economy. This study employed the normative-empirical approach to analyzing public policy, using qualitative and descriptive methods. It was conducted to examine the Government’s strategies in the immigration sector to handle the Covid-19 pandemic and the implementation of immigration functions in the new normal era. The results showed that the Government’s strategies in the immigration sector have been dynamic, adaptive and effective. Keywords: pandemic, immigration policy, selective polic

THE QUESTIONING TECHNIQUES USED BY FOREIGN-EDUCATED BACKGROUND TEACHER TO PROMOTE CRITICAL THINKING

Critical thinking is a cognitive skill that must be achieved by a student in higher education. By having critical thinking, especially in a language class, a student must understand the language and the message it brings to be communicated fluently and it will be a good asset for their future, especially to face the world of work. To foster students' critical thinking, a teacher is required to give them fairly complex questions with suitable questioning techniques. Asking the right technique is a good way to trigger critical thinking. This research uses a qualitative approach and focuses on indigenous teachers who have studied abroad as a subject. The teacher was chosen because, based on theory, overseas have felt a better critical thinking environment, have adapted and absorbed ways to be active in the classroom. This study aims to determine the types of questions and questioning techniques used by teachers to trigger critical thinking students. The results showed that the teacher used high-level cognitive questions namely the types of analysis (25, 3%), synthesis (21%) and evaluation (20, 3%). Then the questioning technique that most teachers use is the decomposition type (25%). It can be concluded that the teacher can foster students' critical thinking by providing high-level questioning techniques and questions with high cognitive level

An Analysis of a Local and International University-Graduated Teachers Questioning in English for Specific Purposes Class

Purpose - The study investigated the display and referential questions used by the local and International educated background teacher in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classroom to promote communicative English class. Design/methodology/approach - The study was qualitatively held, to find out the answer to the research questions, classroom observations, and interviews with two teachers were conducted. Findings - The results indicated that both of the teachers asked higher-order questions in referential type more frequently than teachers in other studies and it could trigger communication effectively. the teachers delivered the questions within their styles. The local educated teacher used mixed Indonesian-Javanese and English to help the students understood the questions and respond well, but the internationally educated teacher employs the questions into whole English. She probes the questions a lot of time to make the questions understandable and simpler. The wait time given was much longer. Some analysis questions were composed to gain the student's braveness to express their answer. Originality/value - This study offered recommendations for effective teachers’ questioning types and techniques for the development of learners’ communicative skills, especially in an ESP class. Paper type – Research pape

Riparian saltwater intrusion: implications, dynamics, and vulnerability under sea level rise : A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University

Surface water bodies connected to the ocean, such as estuarine rivers, are crucial pathways for saltwater intrusion (SI, i.e., the displacement of freshwater by saltwater in an aquifer) far inland of the coast, presenting one of the most immediate challenges posed by relative sea level rise (SLR). However, SI from estuarine rivers (forthwith riparian SI) has received little attention compared to SI at the coast. Shallow groundwater salinisation can prematurely deteriorate co-existing municipal assets such as subsurface infrastructure and roads, salinize deeper wells under downward hydraulic gradients, impact wastewater treatment plant operations, and create unfavourable living environments for fresh groundwater-dependent species. This thesis aims to improve the understanding of riparian SI implications, dynamics, and vulnerability under SLR in an urban setting. This research was undertaken in the low-lying coastal city of Ōtautahi Christchurch, Aotearoa New Zealand, mostly built on drained swampland. In the second chapter, shallow groundwater salinity was measured at high resolution, mapped, and interpolated across the city. Areas with the highest groundwater salinity were centred on a spit of dunes between an estuary and the ocean and inside the meander of an estuarine river. The municipal assets located within brackish groundwater areas were highlighted, including: (i) stormwater and wastewater pipes made of steel-reinforced concrete that are vulnerable to premature damage when exposed to chloride, particularly under wetting-drying cycles and (ii) 41 parks and reserves totalling 236 ha, where salt intolerant species that are exposed to groundwater can be at risk. Additionally, the salinity and chloride concentration of wastewater have not been regularly monitored in the city’s wastewater treatment plant, thus presenting a vulnerability. The vertical hydraulic gradient between the shallow aquifer and the gravel aquifer underneath was upward at two locations near brackish groundwater zones. Therefore, the deeper aquifer used for water supply was not at risk of downward salinisation during the period assessed. This chapter contributes to the literature by linking shallow groundwater salinisation to its implications on municipal assets, which can become increasingly vulnerable under climate change and intensifying anthropogenic pressure. The third chapter investigates riparian SI dynamics in the field via time series measurements of river and groundwater freshwater head and specific conductance (SC) at two transects perpendicular to an estuarine river, focused on a dry summer period. Discrete Fourier transform confirmed the tidal influence in the river and groundwater freshwater head and SC, with the most saline bore showing the strongest tidal signal. Cross-correlation analysis of river and groundwater freshwater heads showed very strong relationships with varying time lags across sites. River-aquifer freshwater head gradients fluctuated with tides, resulting in a cycle of SI (increase in groundwater SC) and saltwater retreat (decrease in groundwater SC) with various time delays, which can be driven by cyclic flow processes. Steeper river-aquifer freshwater head gradients and fresher groundwater were found on the outside of the river meander compared to the inside. Future climatic and anthropogenic stresses can increase the occurrence of negative freshwater head gradients, which can result in more groundwater salinisation. The fourth chapter mapped riparian SI vulnerability by creating a new SI vulnerability tier system based on surface water salinity, surface water-groundwater freshwater head gradients, and the physically-based analytic solutions of Strack (1976). This new approach was applied in a Geographic Information System framework along 70 km of ocean, estuary, and river margins under current sea level and SLR scenarios. Then, the method was compared to GALDIT-SUSI; a weighted indexing approach that considers surface water bodies as salinity sources but is highly subjective. The main benefit of the SI vulnerability tiers is that it accounts for surface water conditions, e.g., increased river salinity further upstream under SLR, exposing new stretches of the aquifer to saltwater, and increasing SI vulnerability upstream. In comparison, GALDIT-SUSI does not consider surface water behaviour and regarded elevation and groundwater level as the main factors contributing to SI vulnerability. The SI vulnerability tiers approach is more theoretically robust than GALDIT-SUSI. It provides a physically-based, large-scale, relatively low-budget, and rapid screening tool to categorize SI vulnerability from brackish and saline surface water bodies under current and future conditions for further monitoring and management—a gap of national and international relevance

Literasi peran manajemen dan strategi eksistensi UMKM di Kota Semarang

There are many problems currently plaguing UMKM in Indonesia. These challenges include the quality of human resources, inadequate managerial capabilities, limited investment funds and working capital, lack of expertise in marketing strategies and the ability to utilize technology which is still relatively low. UMKM have a lot of room to grow in today's information-based economy, as long as they make good use of existing information technology infrastructure. Therefore, it is very important for stakeholders to continue to carry out outreach, guidance and support for UMKM. Management excellence in the changing dynamics of the Indonesian economy has direct implications for the tactics used by UMKM to survive in the business world, especially in the area of legal compliance. In order for UMKM to grow and develop in today's competitive market, it is important to address legal issues head-on. Through the use of management knowledge, digital technology, and legal registration assistance, community service is realized. It is hoped that UMKM players can remain competitive by maintaining product quality and being able to play a management role in running the gendar cracker business

ANALISIS GAYA HIDUP SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI PADA PERILAKU KONSUMTIF BELANJA ONLINE

Kemajuan teknologi informasi telah mempengaruhi perubahan kebiasaan belanja masyarakat, beralih dari belanja tradisional ke online. Pergeseran perilaku belanja berdampak pada semua generasi, termasuk Generasi Z dan akan menjadi konsumen terbesar dalam waktu dekat. Generasi Z berperilaku berbeda dibandingkan generasi sebelumnya, Generasi Z gemar melakukan belanja online. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh literasi keuangan terhadap perilaku konsumtif belanja online yang dimediasi gaya hidup. Populasi penelitian generasi Z di kota Semarang. Sampel penelitian Generasi Z pada rentang usia 18-24 tahun atau generasi yang berada pada tingkat perguruan tinggi dengan status mahasiswa, menggunakan Instagram sebanyak 102 responden.  Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan skala likert. Analisis data menggunakan Partial Least Squares (PLS) dengan aplikasi SmartPLS 3.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) literasi keuangan berpengaruh positif terhadap perilaku belanja online. Literasi keuangan memiliki dampak besar pada kebiasaan pembelian online, memahami literasi keuangan dapat membantu generasi Z menghindari pengeluaran berlebihan.  2) gaya hidup berpengaruh positif terhadap perilaku belanja online konsumtif. Gaya hidup hedonis sebagai sarana untuk memuaskan keinginan dan keinginannya secara instan, generasi ini tergoda melakukan pembelian impulsif karena strategi pemasaran yang menawarkan pengalaman baru 3) literasi keuangan berpengaruh positif terhadap gaya hidup hedonis. Dengan literasi keuangan yang baik dapat membantu generasi ini untuk tidak terpengaruh belanja barang yang tidak dibutuhkan, dan 4) gaya hidup hedonis dapat memediasi literasi keuangan pada perilaku belanja online yang konsumtif. Sangat penting bagi Generasi Z memiliki financial literacy agar dapat mengetahui dampak dari gaya hidup dan perilaku konsumtif Generasi Z terhadap keuangan pribad

Sistem Monitoring Kesehatan Karyawan Menggunakan Wemos D1 Untuk Antisipasi Penularan Covid 19 Berbasis Internet Of Things

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the economic sector, many companies have laid off employees to reduce transmission, but this has caused a bigger problem. The decline in production levels threatens to make companies lose money, this is responded well by the government by issuing a "New Normal" policy. ” is a policy that allows a company to employ employees with strict health protocols. One of the contents of the protocol is to monitor the body temperature of employees when they enter the company, checking body temperature when entering the company is not enough because there are often employees who suddenly get sick at work, employee health conditions that are not monitored properly will have an impact. further spread of the corona virus. The creation of a real-time employee health monitoring system will help anticipate the transmission of covid-19 detected from body temperature, using the MLX90614 sensor connected to the Wemos D1 microcontroller which is used to manage data from the sensor and send data wirelessly. This device can turn on the buzzer automatically if the employee's body temperature is above the normal body temperature limit to warn the company if the employee's health condition is not good, the tool is packaged in a practical way so that it can be used by employees throughout work and does not interfere with performance, monitoring results obtained will be displayed to the user in real time through the Android Application interface and will be stored in the form of a text file in the database.Pandemi Covid-19 telah membawa dampak buruk terhadap sektor perekonomian, banyak perusahaan yang meliburkan karyawan untuk mengurangi penularan, namun hal tersebut menimbulkan masalah yang lebih besar menurunnya tingkat produksi mengancam perusahaan untuk  merugi, hal ini direspon dengan baik oleh pemerintah dengan mengeluarkan kebijakan “New Normal” yaitu suatu kebijakan yang memperbolehkan sebuah perusahaan memperkerjakan karyawan dengan protokol kesehatan yang ketat. Salah satu isi dari protokol tersebut adalah dengan memantau suhu tubuh karyawan saat akan memasuki perusahaan, pengecekan suhu tubuh saat memasuki perusahaan ternyata belum cukup karena masih sering terjadi karyawan yang mendadak sakit pada saat bekerja, kondisi kesehatan karyawan yang tidak termonitor dengan baik akan dapat membawa dampak penularan virus corona lebih luas lagi. Pembuatan sistem monitoring kesehatan karyawan secara realtime akan membantu mengantisipasi penularan covid-19 yang dideteksi dari suhu tubuh, menggunakan sensor MLX90614 terhubung dengan microkontroler wemos D1 digunakan untuk mengola data dari sensor dan mengirim data secara nirkabel. Perangkat ini dapat menghidupkan buzzer secara otomatis jika suhu tubuh karyawan diatas batas suhu tubuh normal untuk memberi peringatan ke pada perusahaan jika kondisi kesehatan karyawan tidak baik, alat dikemas secara praktis sehingga dapat di pakai oleh karyawan sepanjang bekerja dan tidak mengganggu kinerja, hasil monitoring yang didapat akan ditampilkan kepada pengguna secara realtime  melalui antarmuka Aplikasi Android dan akan disimpan dalam bentuk berkas teks pada data base.  Kata kunci— iot, covid-19, new normal, Wemos D1

Bagaimana Remaja Menjadi Peer-Counselor di Masa Pandemi?

Abstract: To optimally carry out their developmental tasks during the Covid-19 Pandemic, which affects psychosocial and mental health, teenagers require mentoring. One of those accompaniments may come from their peers. This study observes the way teenagers being peer-counselors during the Covid-19 pandemic. This quantitative research uses a descriptive survey design. Meanwhile, its populations were all participants of peer counseling training webinars conducted by the Centre of Guidance and Counselling Service of Lambung Mangkurat University. The 126 samples were selected using a random sampling technique live in South Borneo. The results convey that 32 percent, 78 percent, and 58 percent of teenagers actively being peer-counselors at the age of 16 years, at the high school age, and when the pandemic started, respectively. A 40 percent of teenagers explain that they choose to be peer counselors because they like to help their friends, 53 percent of them feel to have a superior personality that supports them to be peer counselors, while 27 percent of them contemplate on things they can suggest to help their friends as peer counselors. Additionally, 54 percent of teenagers wish to attain peer counselors' skills that can command the counselees' thoughts. Thus, teenagers have given relatively significant contributions as peer counselors during the Covid-19 pandemic.Abstrak: Guna melaksanakan tugas perkembangan dengan optimal selama pandemi covid-19 yang berdampak pada kesehatan mental dan kondisi psikososial, remaja perlu pendampingan. Salah satunya adalah pendampingan dari teman sebaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan gambaran mengenai bagaimana remaja menjadi konselor sebaya di masa pandemic covid-19. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan desain survei-deskriptif. Populasi penelitian merupakan seluruh peserta webinar pelatihan konseling teman sebaya yang diadakan oleh Pusat Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling (PLBK) Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. Teknik penarikan sampel menggunakan teknik total random sampling yaitu sebanyak 126 sampel yang berdomisili di Kalimantan Selatan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 32 persen remaja aktif menjadi konselor sebaya pada usia 16 tahun, 78 persen mulai SMA/SMK, 58 persen mulai pada masa pandemi. Empat puluh persen remaja beralasan menjadi konselor sebaya karena merasa senang dapat membantu temannya, 53 persen merasa memiliki kepribadian yang unggul sebagai konselor sebaya karena terdorong untuk membantu, 27 persen memiliki pikiran apakah yang bisa saya sarankan kepada teman saya disaat menjadi konselor sebaya dan 54 persen ingin mendapatkan keterampilan sebagai konselor sebaya yang mampu mengendalikan pikiran konseli. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa remaja sudah berperan cukup baik menjadi konselor sebaya di masa pandemik covid-19

PENGGUNAAN GAWAI DAN MEDIA SOSIAL PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR DI JAKARTA UTARA

Background: The growth of gadgets and social media usage among children might affect their physical activity. It shows that high internet usage among elementary school children will incur low physical activity. It is an overweight risk factor for children that might lead into growth and/or development disorder. Methods: Observational analysis with a cross-sectional approach among elementary school children grades 4-6 in North Jakarta with purposive sampling. Physical activity was identified using Physical Activity Questionnaire of Children (PAQ-C). Nutritional status based on examination of height, weight and calculation of body mass index. The analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: There were 322 children from 3 different elementary schools in North Jakarta consisting of 136 (42.2%) female and 186 (57.8%) male. Approximately 160 (47.5%) subjects have no parental supervision during gadgets usage and 54 (16.8%) have not had education in regards to the matter. There are 246 (76.3%) subjects have social media account with Facebook as the most frequently use application. Most of subjects (50.3%) using gadgets more than 4 hours per day. There were 256 (79.5%) subjects with low physical activity and 111 (34.5%) overweight children. The gadgets usage duration did not have a significant correlation with body mass index (p>0.05;r=0.21) but had a significant correlation with physical activity (p<0.05;r =0,33). Conclusion: Majority of elementary school children are social media active user and using gadgets with minimal parental supervision and assistance. This circumstance among children has significant correlation with their physical activities.Latar Belakang: Tingginya perilaku penggunaan gawai dan media sosial mempengaruhi aktifitas fisik pada anak dan remaja. Terjadi kecenderungan peningkatan penggunaan internet bahkan pada anak usia sekolah dasar. Fenomena ini mengakibatkan rendahnya aktivitas fisik yang merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya gizi lebih pada anak yang dapat berdampak terjadinya gangguan metabolik saat dewasa. Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dan obesitas pada anak sekolah dasar (SD) kelas 4-6 dengan penggunaan gawai. Metode: Analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang pada anak sekolah dasar negeri (SDN) kelas 4-6 di Jakarta Utara. Pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif. Aktivitas fisik diketahui dengan menggunakan kuesioner aktivitas fisik. Status gizi berdasarkan pemeriksaan tinggi badan, berat badan dan perhitungan index massa tubuh. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil : Terdapat 322 anak  dari 3 SDN di Jakarta Utara yang terdiri dari 42.2% subjek perempuan dan 57.8% laki-laki.Sekitar 47.5%  subjek tidak mendapat pendampingan dan 16.8% subjek tidak pernah mendapat edukasi berkaitan penggunaan gawai. Anak dengan aktivitas fisik rendah 79.5% , sedang 18.9% , tinggi1.6% dengan anak Indeks massa tubuh lebih 34.5%. Lamanya penggunaan gawai per hari, tidak memiliki korelasi dengan IMT (p >0,05) namun memiliki korelasi dengan aktifitas fisik dengan (p<0.05). Kesimpulan: Sebagian anak sekolah dasar tidak mendapatkan pendampingan dari orang tua saat penggunaan gawai. Penggunaan gawai berkorelasi positif dengan rendahnya aktivitas fisik yang merupakan salah satu faktor risiko anak memiliki gangguan tumbuh kembang. Kata kunci: aktivitas fisik, Indeks massa tubuh, gawa