Biogeochemistry of dissolved organic matter in Arctic Ocean waters charged with methane

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is defined as organic matter that is smaller than a nominal pore size filter (e.g., 0.7 µm) that passes through during the filtration of aquatic samples. It comprises the largest reservoir of reduced carbon (700 Pg C) in the oceans. The DOM pool is in close interaction with all the elemental cycles and food chains in the ocean and is an essential component in the marine microbial loop. Methane is seeping from numerous geological sources in the Arctic Ocean associated with multiple mechanisms that elevate methane production and release. Independent of the mechanism, however, liberated methane is predominantly consumed in the water column by methanotrophic bacteria (MOB), which use methane as a source of carbon and energy during an aerobic enzymatic reaction called methane oxidation (MOx). In sedimentary fluid flow systems such as cold seeps or hydrothermal vents, the amount of methane release and subsequent MOx would be substantial and further trigger other ecosystem processes such as bacterial growth and heterotrophic consumption and consequent mechanisms that alter DOM composition in the water column. Since methane is one of the most potent greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere and due to its subsequent effect on global warming, it has been quantified extensively in the oceanic environments and its fate in the water column has been investigated in different types of geological settings. However, the effects of methane emanation and methane-driven processes on DOM dynamics in the water column have been merely constrained. The main objective of this thesis was to unravel the modifications of DOM composition in relation to methane release in the Arctic Ocean cold seeps and hydrothermal vents

Makine öğrenmesi yoluyla sendikal haklarla ilgili olarak anayasa mahkemesine yapılan bireysel başvuruların analizi

Bu çalışma bir yapay zekâ tekniği olan makine öğrenmesi yoluyla Anayasa Mahkemesinin (AYM) sendikal haklarla ilgili bireysel başvuru kararlarının ihlalle sonuçlanıp sonuçlanmadığını öngörmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Konunun hukuki yönünün ve arka planının ortaya konulabilmesi için AYM’nin sendikal haklarla ilgili içtihadı genel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Daha sonra yapılan analizde bireysel başvuruların konu ve gerekçe kısımları veri olarak kullanılarak yüksek doğru tahmin oranlarına (ortalama %90) ulaşılmıştır. Bu bize iyi yapılandırılmış ve standartlaştırılmış mahkeme kararlarından üretilen göreceli küçük bir veri setiyle bile temel bir makine öğrenmesi tekniği kullanarak isabet yüzdesi yüksek öngörülerde bulunmanın mümkün olduğunu göstermektedirThis article aims to predict whether an individual application regarding the Turkish Constitutional Court’s (TCC) trade union cases results in a “violation” or a “non-violation” decision by using machine learning, an artificial intelligence (AI) technique. It gives an outline of the Court’s trade union case law in order to provide legal background and context for the research. We have predicted the court’s decisions on these cases with the high success rates (average accuracy of 90%) by using the subject of texts of the cases as data. The article has shown that a basic machine learning technique can be successful in realizing accurate predictions even with relatively small data sets derived from wellstructured court rulings

Vibrational spectroscopy investigation using M06-2X and B3LYP methods analysis on the structure of 2-Trifluoromethyl-10H-benzo[4,5]-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one

In this study, the experimental and theoretical vibrational frequencies of a newly synthesized bioactive agent namely, 2-Trifluoromethyl-10H-benzo[4,5]-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (TIP) have been investigated. The experimental FT-IR (4000-400 cm(-1)) and Laser-Raman spectra (4000-100 cm(-1)) of the molecule in solid phase have been recorded. The theoretical vibrational frequencies and the optimized geometric parameters (bond lengths and bond angles) have been calculated using density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP: Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr) and M06-2X (the highly parametrized, empirical exchange correlation function) quantum chemical methods with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set by Gaussian 09W software, for the first time. The assignments of the vibrational frequencies have been done by potential energy distribution (PED) analysis using VEDA 4 software. The theoretical optimized geometric parameters and vibrational frequencies have been found to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data and results in the literature. In addition, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy and the other related molecular energy values of the compound have been investigated using the same theoretical calculations. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Mean platelet volume in children with hepatitis A

Background: Mean platelet volume (MPV), which is commonly used as a measure of platelet size, indicates the rate of platelet production and platelet activation. We aimed to evaluate the mean platelet volume in children with hepatitis A. Methods: In this retrospective case-controlled study, the study population consisted of 62 children with hepatitis A and 62 healthy control subjects. Results: MPV values, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels on admission were significantly increased in patients with hepatitis A when compared to controls whereas white blood cell (WBC) counts were significantly lower. Two weeks after admission, the MPV values showed a significant decrease from 9. 47 \ub1 1.62 to 8.84 \ub1 1.48 fL in patients with hepatitis A, but these values were still significantly higher than the controls. There was a significant difference in terms of MPV, WBC, AST, and ALT values between the controls and the patient group 2 weeks after admission. Conclusions: This study is the first to evaluate the MPV levels in children with hepatitis A. MPV values were found to be increased in children hospitalized with hepatitis A

Evaluation of consumption habits in the tea beverage market with content analysis and text mining

Çay dünya genelinde belirli bölgelerde yetiştirilen bir ürün olup, yetiştirildiği ülkenin ekonomisine katkı sağlamaktadır. Çay birçok tüketici tarafından farkındalığı olan ve tüketilen bir ürün olmakla birlikte farklı tüketiciler tarafından farklı çay türlerinin tercih edildiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tüketicilerin çay tüketim alışkanlıkları ile bir ürün olarak çaya yönelik algılarının ortaya çıkarılmasıdır. Bu araştırma kalitatif bir araştırma olup, veri toplama tekniği olarak derinlemesine görüşme tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Amaçsal örneklem yöntemi ile seçilen 23 farklı çay tüketicisinden çay tüketim alışkanlıklarına yönelik veri elde edilmiştir. Veri, içerik analizi ve metin madenciliği teknikleri ile analiz edilmiştir. On altı temel kategori ve alt kategorilerin değerlendirilmesi ile elde edilen bulgular, tüketicilerin çay türü olarak genellikle siyah çayı algıladıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca tüketicilerin çayda kaliteye, tada, aromaya, çayın rengine, çayın berrak olmasına önem verdikleri görülmektedir. Tüketiciler çay markaları arasında farklılıklar (tat, kalite, ambalaj, fiyat gibi) olduğunu belirtirken, yerli çay markalarının tercih edilmesinin önemini vurgulamışlardırTea is a product grown in certain regions around the world and contributes to the economy of the country where it is grown. Tea is a product that is aware of and consumed by many consumers, and it is seen that different types of tea are preferred by different consumers. The aim of this study is to reveal consumers' tea consumption habits and their perceptions of tea as a product. This research is a qualitative research and in-depth interview technique was used as a data collection technique. Data on tea consumption habits were obtained from 23 different tea consumers selected by the purposeful sampling method. The data was analyzed by content analysis and text mining techniques. Findings obtained by evaluating sixteen basic categories and sub-categories reveal that consumers generally perceive black tea as a type of tea. In addition, it is seen that consumers give importance to the quality, taste, aroma, color, and clarity of the tea. While consumers stated that there are differences (such as taste, quality, packaging, and price) between tea brands, they emphasized the importance of choosing domestic tea brands

Diltiazem Increases the Liver Regeneration in Rats by Inhibiting TGF-β1

Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF- β1) is the most important inhibitory cytokine during the hepatic regeneration process. Diltiazem is a Ltype calcium channel blocker that has inhibitory effect on TGF- β1. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of diltiazem on hepatic regeneration. Sixty female Wistar Albino rats were used. Three groups were created; the control, low dose diltiazem and high dose diltiazem groups, each consisting of 20 rats. After partial liver resection (70% hepatectomy), saline was introduced to control group, 5 mg/kg diltiazem was introduced to low dose group and 15 mg/kg diltiazem to high dose group intraperitoneally. Ten rats in each group were sacrificed on the first postoperative day and the remaining rats on the fifth day. Liver weight, mitotic rate and the Ki-67 ratio were measured for determining hepatic regeneration. Liver regeneration rate on the fifth postoperative day was significantly higher both in the low dose and high dose diltiazem groups than the control group (Low diltiazem vs control: P<0.001; High diltiazem vs control: P<0.001). No significant difference was found between the groups regarding the number of mitoses on the first and fifth days following partial hepatectomy (P>0.05). The Ki-67 ratio on the first postoperative day was significantly higher both in the low dose and high dose diltiazem groups than the control group (Low diltiazem vs control: P<0.001; High diltiazem vs control: P<0.001). Diltiazem increases liver regeneration by inhibiting TGF-β1

Compositions of dissolved organic matter in the ice-covered waters above the Aurora hydrothermal vent system, Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean

Hydrothermal vents modify and displace subsurface dissolved organic matter (DOM) into the ocean. Once in the ocean, this DOM is transported together with elements, particles, dissolved gases and biomass along with the neutrally buoyant plume layer. Considering the number and extent of actively venting hydrothermal sites in the oceans, their contribution to the oceanic DOM pool may be substantial. Here, we investigate the dynamics of DOM in relation to hydrothermal venting and related processes at the as yet unexplored Aurora hydrothermal vent field within the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic Ocean at 82.9∘ N. We examined the vertical distribution of DOM composition from sea ice to deep waters at six hydrocast stations distal to the active vent and its neutrally buoyant plume layer. In comparison to background seawater, we found that the DOM in waters directly affected by the hydrothermal plume was molecularly less diverse and 5 %–10 % lower in number of molecular formulas associated with the molecular categories related to lipid and protein-like compounds. On the other hand, samples that were not directly affected by the plume were chemically more diverse and had a higher percentage of chemical formulas associated with the carbohydrate-like category. Our results suggest that hydrothermal processes at Aurora may influence the DOM distribution in the bathypelagic ocean by spreading more thermally and/or chemically induced compositions, while DOM compositions in epipelagic and mesopelagic layers are mainly governed by the microbial carbon pump dynamics and surface-ocean–sea-ice interactionspublishedVersio

Elevated methane alters dissolved organic matter composition in the Arctic Ocean cold seeps

Cold seeps release methane (CH4) from the seafloor to the water column, which fuels microbially mediated aerobic methane oxidation (MOx). Methane-oxidising bacteria (MOB) utilise excess methane, and the MOB biomass serves as a carbon source in the food web. Yet, it remains unclear if and how MOx modifies the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in cold seeps. We investigated MOx rates, DOM compositions and the microbial community during ex-situ incubations of seawater collected from a cold seep site at Norskebanken (north of the Svalbard archipelago) in the Arctic Ocean. Samples were incubated with and without methane amendments. Samples amended with methane (∼1 µM final concentration) showed elevated rates of MOx in both seep and non-seep incubations. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analyses showed that the number of DOM formulas (i.e., molecular diversity) increased by up to 39% in these incubations. In contrast, the number of formulas decreased by 20% in samples not amended with methane, both from non-seep and seep locations. DOM composition was thus altered towards a more diverse and heterogeneous composition along with elevated methanotrophic activity in methane-amended conditions. In addition to microbial DOM production, abating microbial diversity indicates that elevated DOM diversity was potentially related to grazing pressure on bacteria. The diversity of DOM constituents, therefore, likely increased with the variety of decaying cells contributing to DOM production. Furthermore, based on a principal coordinate analysis, we show that the final DOM composition of non-seep samples amended with methane became more resemblant to that of seep samples. This suggests that methane intrusions will affect water column DOM dynamics similarly, irrespective of the water column’s methane history

Quantum Computational Investigation of (E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-N?-(3-phenoxybenzylidene)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbohydrazide

The title compound was synthesized and structurally characterized. Theoretical IR, NMR (with the GIAO technique), UV, and nonlinear optical properties (NLO) in four different solvents were calculated for the compound. The calculated HOMO–LUMO energies using time-dependent (TD) DFT revealed that charge transfer occurs within the molecule, and probable transitions in the four solvents were identified. The in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) analysis was performed in order to determine some physicochemical, lipophilicity, water solubility, pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness, and medicinal properties of the molecule. Finally, molecular docking calculation was performed, and the results were evaluated in detai

The association between TAPSE and right atrial contractile strain

BACKGROUND: In the descending arm of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) there is a notch formation which corresponds to the contractile phase of the atrial strain curve. Theoretically, this notch formation stands for atrial contraction. AIMS: We aim to characterize the notch formation on the TAPSE, the predictors of its existence, its relationship with the right ventricle and right atrial strain (RAS) parameters. METHODS: Retrospectively selected 240 patients were investigated for the determinants of the notch formation on TAPSE and the relation between RAS and TAPSE. RAS was analyzed using 2D speckle tracking in a dedicated mode for atrial analysis and reported separately for the reservoir, conduit, and contractile phases. RESULTS: 71.7% (n = 172) of patients had the notch formation on the TAPSE and 70.4% (n = 169) had a normal value of right atrial contractile strain (RASct). Most of the patients with a notch formation also had preserved RASct (95.9%; P <0.001). In multivariable analysis, RASct (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13­­‒1.77; P = 0.020) remained significant with the notch formation. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that a RASct of ‒19% was found as a cut-off for presence of notch formation. ROC area was 0.897 (95% CI 0.844–0.951; P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The changes in TAPSE configuration represents the changes in atrial contractile phase. The descending arm of the TAPSE indicates the RASct as whether it is preserved or not. The notch formation persists if the RASct is above ‒19%. So, an easier, more applicable, and more effortless tool TAPSE can be used as an indicator of atrial contractile phase by its configuration in daily routine