Variabilidade temporal das concentrações de clorofila -A e da temperatura superficial do mar na costa central de Santa Catarina

The phenomenon of algal blooms is known worldwide due to the direct impacts on the health of aquatic ecosystems, on fisheries and aquaculture resources, on recreational activities and on human health. This study evaluated the use of satellite sensors to quantify the parameters of sea surface temperature (TSM) and chlorophyll-a concentration on the sea surface (Chl-a) off the coast of Santa Catarina, during the period between 2002 and 2019, aiming to identify the temporal variability of SST and Chl-a from the decomposition of time series into trend, seasonality and residuals. To achieve this objective, TSM and Chl-a estimates were acquired from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) orbital sensors on board the satellites (Aqua and Terra) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the satellites (SNPP and NOAA-20). By extracting the TSM and Chl-a values ​​for a point off the central coast of Santa Catarina, time series were generated for the specified period and the time series decomposition methodology was applied to identify low frequency oscillations. It was possible to identify that events with higher Chl-a are related to events with lower TSM values. The components found can be used for predictive models, thus helping to minimize the impacts associated with algal blooms.El fenómeno de las floraciones de algas es conocido en todo el mundo debido a los impactos directos en la salud de los ecosistemas acuáticos, en los recursos pesqueros y acuícolas, en las actividades recreativas y en la salud humana. Este estudio evaluó el uso de sensores satelitales para cuantificar los parámetros de temperatura de la superficie del mar (TSM) y la concentración de clorofila-a en la superficie del mar (Chl-a) frente a la costa de Santa Catarina, durante el período entre 2002 y 2019, con el objetivo de identificar la variabilidad temporal de SST y Chl-a de la descomposición de series de tiempo en tendencia, estacionalidad y residuos. Para lograr este objetivo, se obtuvieron estimaciones de TSM y Chl-a de los sensores orbitales del espectrorradiómetro de imágenes de resolución moderada (MODIS) a bordo de los satélites (Aqua y Terra) y del conjunto de radiómetros de imágenes infrarrojas visibles (VIIRS) en los satélites (SNPP y NOAA-20). Al extraer los valores de TSM y Chl-a para un punto frente a la costa central de Santa Catarina, se generaron series de tiempo para el período especificado y se aplicó la metodología de descomposición de series de tiempo para identificar oscilaciones de baja frecuencia. Fue posible identificar que los eventos con mayor Chl-a están relacionados con eventos con valores más bajos de TSM. Los componentes encontrados se pueden usar para modelos predictivos, lo que ayuda a minimizar los impactos asociados con las floraciones de algas.O fenômeno das florações de algas é conhecido mundialmente devido aos impactos diretos na saúde dos ecossistemas aquáticos, nos recursos pesqueiros e aquícolas, nas atividades recreacionais e na saúde humana. O presente estudo avaliou o uso de sensores satelitais na quantificação dos parâmetros de temperatura superficial do mar (TSM) e concentração de clorofila-a na superfície do mar (Chl-a) na costa de Santa Catarina, durante o período entre 2002 e 2019, objetivando identificar a variabilidade temporal da TSM e da Chl-a a partir da decomposição das séries temporais em tendência, sazonalidade e resíduos. Para atingir este objetivo foram adquiridas estimativas de TSM e Chl-a oriundas dos sensores orbitais Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) a bordo dos satélites (Aqua e Terra) e Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) a bordo dos satélites (SNPP e NOAA-20). Através da extração dos valores de TSM e Chl-a para um ponto ao largo da costa central de Santa Catarina foram geradas séries temporais para o período especificado e aplicada a metodologia de decomposição de séries temporais para identificar oscilações de baixa frequência. Foi possível identificar que os eventos com maior Chl-a estão relacionados com eventos com menores valores de TSM. As componentes encontradas poderão ser utilizadas para modelos preditivos auxiliando assim a minimizar os impactos associados às florações de algas

Evaluation of ocean chlorophyll-a remote sensing algorithms using in situ fluorescence data in Southern Brazilian Coastal Waters

A performance evaluation of ocean color chlorophyll-a algorithms was conducted based on the in situ fluorescencechlorophyll concentration (Fchl) measured by a sensor on the buoy SiMCosta-SC01 in coastal waters of South Brazil.The operational algorithms are used in MODIS and VIIRS sensors to derive satellite chlorophyll concentration (Csat). Fchlvalues were successfully corrected for nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) by an interpolation of sunrise and sunsetdaily measurements. A laboratory-derived calibration coefficient was applied to convert the unquenching Fchl values intochlorophyll concentration (Cflu). Overall, linear regression analysis between Cflu and Csat for both sensors showed goodresults, with the coefficient of determination (R²) varying between 0.88 and 0.96, slopes between 0.92 and 1.02 andintercepts between -0.17 and 0.13. The MODIS algorithm (R² = 0.96, slope = 1.02, RMSE = 0.16 mg m-3, BIAS = 0.16 mg m-3,for N = 222 and time interval ±1 h) presented slightly better performance than VIIRS (R² = 0.92, slope = 0.96, RMSE = 0.25mg m-3, BIAS = -0.25 mg m-3, for N = 284 and time interval ±1 h). These results represent the most comprehensive satellitedata analysis for this region, suggesting that the approach may be applicable to other SiMCosta buoy

Propuesta metodológica para el (re)diseño curricular de la asignatura de lengua bribri, impartida en el I y II Ciclo de la Educación General Básica, desde la perspectiva de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de segundas lenguas

El presente trabajo explora la posibilidad de (re)diseñar el programa actual de lengua bribri de I y II Ciclo de la Educación General Básica desde el diseño curricular en segundas lenguas. El objetivo principal consiste en desarrollar una propuesta metodológica enfocada en mostrar cómo se pueden recabar y sistematizar diversos insumos en torno a un eje temático, en este caso, la familia tradicional bribri, con miras a elaborar un currículum con pertinencia cultural y lingüística para la enseñanza de la lengua (y cultura) bribri. El trabajo busca ejemplificar cómo se podría concretar cada etapa del desarrollo de un currículo en segundas lenguas para el caso de la lengua bribri. Por lo tanto, la información, los procedimientos y los resultados expuestos en cada etapa tienen valor en sí mismos, pues el resultado final no consiste en una propuesta de un nuevo programa, sino en una serie de ensayos y de discusiones críticas acerca de cómo podría lograrse ese objetivo. Durante el proceso, se procuró tomar en cuenta las opiniones y conocimientos de miembros de comunidades bribris, pues se considera fundamental su participación en un trabajo de este tipo; por ello, se asistió a reuniones, se realizaron entrevistas y se llevó a cabo un ejercicio de elicitación de actos de habla en bribri.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Artes y Letras::Facultad de Letras::Escuela de Filología, Lingüística y Literatur

La transversalidad de los MASC Una Perspectiva México Panamá

El Código Procesal Penal de la República de Panamá, en concordancia con la legislación nacional e internacional vigente, incorporó los métodos alternos de resolución de conflictos en materia penal; siendo la suspensión condicional del proceso sujeto a condiciones uno de estos métodos, el cual busca más allá de una sentencia condenatoria, a través de la cual se emplaza al imputado, que la víctima de un delito se sienta restaurada y/o resarcida en cuando al daño que se le causó. La suspensión condicional del proceso sujeta a condiciones como podremos observar, brinda grandes ventajas a las distintas partes intervinientes, siendo alguna de ellas el ahorro procesal, la ausencia de sentencia, y resarcimiento inmediato del daño, pues las partes intervinientes consideran que no existe una necesidad real de culminar el proceso con un juicio oral, el cual siempre es un desgaste económico y emocional. Este ha sido utilizado en el delito de violencia doméstica, como un método pasivo de terminación del conflicto penal, donde la víctima recibe una reparación del daño ocasionado a consecuencia del hecho punible y el imputado se someta a condiciones que le permita afrontar su condición o cuadro agresivo, con miras a restaurar la armonía dentro del núcleo familia

The psychological science accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020