The Role of the Tourism Network in the Coordination of Pandemic Control Measures

The emergence and spread of COVID-19 has severely impacted the tourism industry worldwide. In order to limit the effect of new pandemics or any unforeseen crisis, coordinated actions need to be adopted among tourism stakeholders. In this paper, we use an evolutionary game model to analyze the conditions that promote cooperation among different stakeholders in a tourism network to control high-risk crises. A data sample of 280 EU regions is used to define the tourism network of regions with a heterogeneous dependence on tourism. The results show that cooperation is helped by the existence of a structured tourism network. Moreover, cooperation is enhanced when coordination groups include small numbers of participants and when they are formed according to the similarity of tourism dependence.University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria COVID-19-04Spanish GovernmentAndalusian GovernmentEuropean Commission P18-TP-4475 PID2021-122916NB-I00 RYC-2016-1980

Rewarding policies in an asymmetric game for sustainable tourism

Tourism is a growing sector worldwide, but many popular destinations are facing sustain- ability problems due to excessive tourist flows and inappropriate behavior. In these areas, there is an urgent need to apply mechanisms to stimulate sustainable practices. This paper studies the most efficient strategy to incentivize sustainable tourism by using an asymmet- ric evolutionary game. We analyze the application of rewarding policies to the asymmetric game where tourists and stakeholders interact in a spatial lattice, and where tourists can also migrate. The incentives of the rewarding policies have an economic budget which can be allocated to tourists, to stakeholders, or to both sub-populations. The results show that an adaptive rewarding strategy, where the incentive budget changes over time to one or the other sub-population, is more effective than simple rewarding strategies that are exclu- sively focused on one sub-population. However, when the population density in the game decreases, rewarding just tourists becomes the most effective strateg

Geomatic methods applied to the change study of the la Paúl Rock Glacier, Spanish Pyrenees

Producción CientíficaRock glaciers are one of the most important features of the mountain permafrost in the Pyrenees. La Paúl is an active rock glacier located in the north face of the Posets massif in the La Paúl glacier cirque (Spanish Pyrenees). This study presents the preliminary results of the La Paúl rock glacier monitoring works carried out through two geomatic technologies since 2013: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) devices. Displacements measured on the rock glacier surface have demonstrated both the activity of the rock glacier and the utility of this equipment for the rock glaciers dynamic analysis. The glacier has exhibited the fastest displacements on its west side (over 35 cm yr-1), affected by the Little Ice Age, and frontal area (over 25 cm yr-1). As an indicator of permafrost in marginal environments and its peculiar morphology, La Paúl rock glacier encourages a more prolonged study and to the application of more geomatic techniques for its detailed analysis.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project CGL2015-68144-R)Junta de Extremadura - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project GR10071

Un periodismo sin periodos: actualidad y tiempo en la era digital

La actualidad es –junto con el interés– uno de los criterios de selección de los acontecimientos que serán convertidos en noticia. De ordinario se interpreta este factor en relación al tiempo presente cronológico y a la eficacia de los medios de comunicación para reducir el tiempo que transcurre entre un hecho y su difusión y conocimiento público. La capacidad de las actuales tecnologías de la comunicación para registrar en tiempo real los acontecimientos y ponerlos inmediatamente a disposición de un público mundial a través de Internet, junto con la ubicuidad del consumo a través de múltiples dispositivos, hace necesaria una reflexión acerca de la vigencia de algunos de los paradigmas hasta ahora aceptados. La investigación en comunicación se ha desarrollado bajo dos paradigmas distintos: el de la transmisión y el de la integración. En el primero, relacionado tradicionalmente con la noción de actualidad, explica la comunicación desde los medios y la eficacia de los procesos para transmitir un contenido. El segundo entiende la comunicación como la integración social que crea una comunidad. Ante los cambios que los nuevos medios introducen en el papel del tiempo en el periodismo, ¿hasta qué punto puede sostenerse el criterio de actualidad en su relación con el presente cronológico? ¿Qué implica esto para los diarios impresos? El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar el criterio de actualidad desde el paradigma de la comunicación como integración social, abriéndolo a otras dimensiones, que demuestran la verdadera vigencia del periodismo hoy. El trabajo aborda dos cuestiones: una revisión el criterio de actualidad apoyándonos en la diferencia entre el tiempo cronológico y el tiempo interior; y la relación de esta dimensión temporal de la actualidad con los efectos de integración y cohesión social que genera. Concluimos señalando en qué sentido el criterio de actualidad sigue siendo hoy día relevante

SIRT1 enhances glucose tolerance by potentiating brown adipose tissue function

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.-- et al.[Objective]: SIRT1 has been proposed to be a key signaling node linking changes in energy metabolism to transcriptional adaptations. Although SIRT1 overexpression is protective against diverse metabolic complications, especially in response to high-fat diets, studies aiming to understand the etiology of such benefits are scarce. Here, we aimed to identify the key tissues and mechanisms implicated in the beneficial effects of SIRT1 on glucose homeostasis. [Methods]: We have used a mouse model of moderate SIRT1 overexpression, under the control of its natural promoter, to evaluate glucose homeostasis and thoroughly characterize how different tissues could influence insulin sensitivity. [Results]: Mice with moderate overexpression of SIRT1 exhibit better glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity even on a low fat diet. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps and in-depth tissue analyses revealed that enhanced insulin sensitivity was achieved through a higher brown adipose tissue activity and was fully reversed by housing the mice at thermoneutrality. SIRT1 did not influence brown adipocyte differentiation, but dramatically enhanced the metabolic transcriptional responses to β3-adrenergic stimuli in differentiated adipocytes. [Conclusions]: Our work demonstrates that SIRT1 improves glucose homeostasis by enhancing BAT function. This is not consequent to an alteration in the brown adipocyte differentiation process, but as a result of potentiating the response to β3-adrenergic stimuli.M.S. is funded by the CNIO and by grants from the MICINN (SAF), the Regional Government of Madrid, the European Research Council (CANCER&AGING; LS1, ERC-2008-AdG), the Botín Foundation, the Ramón Areces Foundation, and the AXA Foundation. P.J.F.M. is funded by the AECC. A.M.V. is funded by the following grant support: SAF2012-33283 (MINECO, Spain), Comunidad de Madrid S2010/BMD-2423, EFSD and Amylin Paul Langerhans Grant and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain). P.M.G.R. is funded by the following grant support: BFU2011-24679 (MINECO, Spain) and he is a recipient of a Ramon y Cajal contract: RYC-2009-05158(MINECO, Spain).Peer Reviewe

A collective risk dilemma for tourism restrictions under the COVID‑19 context

This work is jointly supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Andalusian Government, ERDF and University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria under grants EXASOCO (PGC2018-101216-B-I00), SIMARK (P18-TP-4475), AIMAR (A-TIC-284-UGR18), and COVID-19-04.The current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted millions of people and the global economy. Tourism has been one the most affected economic sectors because of the mobility restrictions established by governments and uncoordinated actions from origin and destination regions. The coordination of restrictions and reopening policies could help control the spread of virus and enhance economies, but this is not an easy endeavor since touristic companies, citizens, and local governments have conflicting interests. We propose an evolutionary game model that reflects a collective risk dilemma behind these decisions. To this aim, we represent regions as players, organized in groups; and consider the perceived risk as a strict lock-down and null economic activity. The costs for regions when restricting their mobility are heterogeneous, given that the dependence on tourism of each region is diverse. Our analysis shows that, for both large populations and the EU NUTS2 case study, the existence of heterogeneous costs enhances global agreements. Furthermore, the decision on how to group regions to maximize the regions’ agreement of the population is a relevant issue for decision makers to consider. We find out that a layout of groups based on similar costs of cooperation boosts the regions’ agreements and avoid the risk of having a total lock-down and a negligible tourism activity. These findings can guide policy makers to facilitate agreements among regions to maximize the tourism recovery.Grant EXASOCO (PGC2018-101216-B-I00)SIMARK (P18-TP-4475)AIMAR (A-TIC-284-UGR18)COVID-19-0

Linear Strain Tensors on Hyperbolic Surfaces and Asymptotic Theories for Thin Shells

We perform a detailed analysis of the solvability of linear strain equations on hyperbolic surfaces. We prove that if the surface is a smooth noncharacteristic region, any first order infinitesimal isometry can be matched to an infinitesimal isometry of an arbitrarily high order. The implications of this result for the elasticity of thin hyperbolic shells are discussed