Mercado de Capitales : Bolsa de Valores

La presente investigación se enfocó a dar a conocer que es Bolsas de valores en Nicaragua; su papel que desempeña en el mercado nicaragüense de valores; y describir las funciones de los puestos de bolsas y agentes corredores de bolsa. Además, se recolectó información de cómo deben de estar constituidas; los requisitos que deben cumplir como bolsas; el marco legal por el cual debe estar regido y las instituciones vinculadas al funcionamiento. También se describió las bolsas de valores existentes en Nicaragua; sus puestos de bolsas, agentes corredores de bolsas que participan en cada una de ellas. Se elaboró un caso práctico por el cual se eligió el Banco de Finanzas para el desarrollo del caso práctico por su participación de la bolsa de valores, y porque va de acuerdo al perfil de la carrera de Banca y Finanzas, el cual nos servirá para conocer la práctica real de los principios teóricos de la bolsa de valores de Nicaragua y como es el proceso de intervención en la misma. En el caso se exponen tres alternativas de inversión, eligiendo la emisión de títulos valores en la Bolsa de Valores de Nicaragua como mejor opción para financiamiento de capital de trabajo del banco BDF. Las ventajas que se obtienen al invertir a través de la Bolsas Valores es ofrecer una mejor opción de financiarse con menos costo y mayor rendimiento. La función del mercado de capitales es reunir a quienes tienen dinero ocioso con quienes lo necesitan, Así, los inversores aportan sus ahorros para que las empresas crezcan, a cambio de una renta. De esta manera, los inversores participan de la economía real y las empresas se financian al más bajo costo del mercado

The Spectral Slope and Escape Fraction of Bright Quasars at z∼3.8z \sim 3.8: the Contribution to the Cosmic UV Background

We use a sample of 1669 QSOs ($r<20.15$, $3.6<z<4.0$) from the BOSS survey to study the intrinsic shape of their continuum and the Lyman continuum photon escape fraction (f$_{esc}$), estimated as the ratio between the observed flux and the expected intrinsic flux (corrected for the intergalactic medium absorption) in the wavelength range 865-885 \AA\ rest-frame. Modelling the intrinsic QSO continuum shape with a power-law, $F_{\lambda}\propto\lambda^{-\gamma}$, we find a median $\gamma=1.30$ (with a dispersion of $0.38$, no dependence on the redshift and a mild intrinsic luminosity dependence) and a mean f$_{esc}=0.75$ (independent of the QSO luminosity and/or redshift). The f$_{esc}$ distribution shows a peak around zero and a long tail of higher values, with a resulting dispersion of $0.7$. If we assume for the QSO continuum a double power-law shape (also compatible with the data) with a break located at $\lambda_{\rm br}=1000$ \AA\ and a softening $\Delta\gamma=0.72$ at wavelengths shorter than $\lambda_{\rm br}$, the mean f$_{esc}$ rises to $=0.82$. Combining our $\gamma$ and f$_{esc}$ estimates with the observed evolution of the AGN luminosity function (LF) we compute the AGN contribution to the UV ionizing background (UVB) as a function of redshift. AGN brighter than one tenth of the characteristic luminosity of the LF are able to produce most of it up $z\sim 3$, if the present sample is representative of their properties. At higher redshifts a contribution of the galaxy population is required. Assuming an escape fraction of Lyman continuum photons from galaxies between $5.5$ and $7.6\%$, independent of the galaxy luminosity and/or redshift, a remarkably good fit to the observational UVB data up to $z\sim 6$ is obtained. At lower redshift the extrapolation of our empirical estimate agrees well with recent UVB observations, dispelling the so-called Photon Underproduction Crisis.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, MNRAS accepte

Nuestro Campus También es Patrimonio Cultural I

Proyecto de innovación docente vinculado a materias relacionadas con la gestión del Patrimonio Cultural. Este proyecto se desarrolla sobre un escenario práctico donde aprender los temas objeto de estudio: la Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid. Persigue establecer nuevos lazos de sociabilidad entre la comunidad universitaria y los bienes culturales. Está basado en metodologías de investigación acción participativa. Así mismo persigue dar a conocer el campus y plantear nuevas actuaciones que mejoren dicho espacio público

Identifying benefits and barriers for IS adoption : a sociotechnical framework applied to health care

The aim of this research is to propose a sociotechnical framework to identify stakeholders involved in information systems and the benefit and barriers to the adoption of such systems. The proposed framework (BEBAF) would help to acknowledge the potential problematic areas for the implementation and adoption of information systems for each actor or social group and to be able to offer solutions based on the potential benefits for each of them. Precursors of BEBAF are social construction of technology (SCOT) and stakeholder identification process. Two case studies in the healthcare contexts, one in the UK and one in Spain, have been conducted in this dissertation using a qualitative approach to provide a rich picture of the influences on e-Health, and the users and organisational response to those influences. Both case studies aimed to support chronically ill patients at home or in nursing homes. BEBAF was then applied to both case studies. Among the most important implications are that those systems hold the promise for improving the quality of life of patients with chronic conditions, providing a better control over the disease. However, their impact on the organisational structures, the lack of funding and the difficulties of alignment of all the actors involved are relevant constraints to their adoption into the mainstream healthcare services. The main contributions of this thesis are: first, the definition and evaluation of a socio-technical framework to investigate IS adoption. Apart from the two closure mechanisms proposed by SCOT, BEBAF proposes a new closure mechanism by reinterpretation of benefits. In turn, the application of the framework has led to identify an extensive list of barriers and benefits for the adoption of e-Health systems with some suggested solutions. Another outcome is a comprehensive list of stakeholders involved in the adoption of such systems.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Estrategias de protección renal en Anestesiología y Cuidados Críticos

In the perioperative setting, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication. By itself, the presence of AKI is associated with adverse outcomes, such as increased risk of chronic kidney disease and mortality. Several risk factors are associated with the appearance of perioperative AKI and identifying them is crucial to initiate renal protective measures. Some renoprotective strategies have been shown to be helpful, others are still under investigation, and others are no longer recommended because they are ineffective or even harmful. The lack of efficacy of these therapies could be due to the fact that the therapy was started too late. The new renal biomarkers allow the identification of kidney damage without loss of function, thus allowing the implementation of preventive measures. The purpose of this review is to present an updated summary of the current evidence about the risk factors and mechanisms that lead to the appearance of AKI in the perioperative and the intensive care unit, as well as the different renoprotective strategies and treatments.En el contexto perioperatorio, el daño renal agudo (acute renal injury o AKI) es una complicación frecuente. Por sí mismo, la presencia de AKI se asocia con resultados adversos, tales como mayor riesgo de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y de mortalidad. Varios factores de riesgo están asociados con la aparición de AKI perioperatorio e identificarlos es crucial para iniciar medidas de protección renal.&nbsp; Algunas estrategias renoprotectoras han demostrado ser útiles, otras se encuentran aún en investigación y otras ya no se recomiendan porque son ineficaces o incluso dañinas. La falta de eficacia de estas terapias podría deberse al hecho de que la terapia se inició demasiado tarde. Los nuevos biomarcadores renales permiten identificar el daño renal sin pérdida de función permitiendo así la implementación de medidas preventivas. &nbsp;El propósito de esta revisión es mostrar un resumen actualizado de la evidencia actual acerca de los factores de riesgo y los mecanismos que nos conducen a la aparición de AKI perioperatorio y en unidad de cuidados críticos así como las diferentes estrategias y tratamientos renoprotectores

CD45 expression discriminates waves of embryonic megakaryocytes in the mouse

Embryonic megakaryopoiesis starts in the yolk sac on gestational day 7.5 as part of the primitive wave of hematopoiesis, and it continues in the fetal liver when this organ is colonized by hematopoietic progenitors between day 9.5 and 10.5, as the definitive hematopoiesis wave. We characterized the precise phenotype of embryo megakaryocytes in the liver at gestational day 11.5, identifying them as CD41++CD45-CD9++CD61+MPL+CD42c+ tetraploid cells that express megakaryocyte-specific transcripts and display differential traits when compared to those present in the yolk sac at the same age. In contrast to megakaryocytes from adult bone marrow, embryo megakaryocytes are CD45- until day 13.5 of gestation, as are both the megakaryocyte progenitors and megakaryocyte/erythroid-committed progenitors. At gestational day 11.5, liver and yolk sac also contain CD41+CD45+ and CD41+CD45- cells. These populations, and that of CD41++CD45-CD42c+ cells, isolated from liver, differentiate in culture into CD41++CD45-CD42c+ proplatelet-bearing megakaryocytes. Also present at this time are CD41-CD45++CD11b+ cells, which produce low numbers of CD41++CD45-CD42c+ megakaryocytes in vitro, as do fetal liver cells expressing the macrophage-specific Csf receptor-1 (Csf1r/CD115) from MaFIA transgenic mice, which give rise poorly to CD41++CD45-CD42c+ embryo megakaryocytes both in vivo and in vitro In contrast, around 30% of adult megakaryocytes (CD41++CD45++CD9++CD42c+) from C57BL/6 and MaFIA mice express CD115. We propose that differential pathways operating in the mouse embryo liver at gestational day 11.5 beget CD41++CD45-CD42c+ embryo megakaryocytes that can be produced from CD41+CD45- or from CD41+CD45+ cells, at difference from those from bone marrow.This work was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN SAF2009-12596) and from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO SAF2012-33916 and SAF2015-70880-R MINECO/FEDER). NS was the recipient of a fellowship from the Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) and IC received a fellowship from the MICINN. The CBMSO receives institutional funding from Fundacion Ramon Areces. The CNIC is supported by the MEIC and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (MEIC award SEV-2015-0505).S

Human rights and discrimination: conceptions of students’ future education professionals

La Estrategia Nacional de Educación para el Desarrollo (PORTUGAL, 2018) sigue la Agenda 2030 (NACIONES UNIDAS, 2015) bajo el lema “Transformar nuestro mundo, sin dejar a nadie atrás”. Una sociedad que busca soluciones a los problemas sociales asume la Educación para el Desarrollo, por su práctica comprometida con el respeto a los derechos humanos, contra la discriminación, frente a los hechos que atentan contra el derecho a la libertad, la justicia y la paz, promoviendo el desarrollo integral. Se realizó un estudio en el que el objetivo general es conocer las concepciones de los estudiantes que se encuentran cursando cursos de formación de educadores/maestros, sobre diferentes temáticas incluidas en la educación para el desarrollo, con un enfoque particular en derechos humanos y discriminación. Para ello, se construyó un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas, siendo los datos objeto de análisis cuantitativo (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) y cualitativo (análisis de contenido). Parece que la mayoría de los participantes se identificaron con los dos temas, destacando los contextos formales y no formales, en los que entraron en contacto con ellos. Los resultados llevan a cuestionar el papel de las instituciones de educación superior, como promotoras de una reflexión crítica y participativa sobre los derechos humanos y no discriminación. La educación para los derechos humanos es crucial ya que todas las personas tienen la responsabilidad de defender sus derechos y deberes como seres humanos.A  Estratégia Nacional de Educação para o Desenvolvimento (PORTUGAL, 2018) acompanha a Agenda 2030 (UNITED NATIONS, 2015), sob o lema “Transformar o nosso mundo, não deixar ninguém para trás”. Uma sociedade que procura soluções para as  problemáticas sociais assume  a Educação para o Desenvolvimento, pela sua prática comprometida com o respeito pelos direitos humanos, contra a discriminação, face a acontecimentos que põem em risco o direito à liberdade, à justiça e à paz, promovendo o desenvolvimento integral. Considerando a estratégia supracitada, foi realizado um estudo no qual se assumiu como objetivo geral conhecer as conceções de estudantes que frequentam cursos na fileira da formação de educadores/professores, sobre diferentes temáticas inscritas na educação para o desenvolvimento, com particular incidência nos direitos humanos e na discriminação. Construiu-se, para o efeito, um questionário com questões abertas e fechadas, sendo os dados objeto de análise quantitativa (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) e qualitativa (análise de conteúdo). Verifica-se que a maioria dos participantes se identificou com as duas temáticas, destacando contextos formais e não formais, nos quais tomaram contato com as mesmas. Os resultados conduzem ao questionamento sobre o  papel das instituições de ensino superior enquanto promotoras de uma reflexão critíca e participativa sobre aos direitos humanos e a não discriminação. A educação para os direitos humanos é crucial uma vez que todas as pessoas têm responsabilidade na defesa dos seus direitos e dos seus deveres enquanto seres humanos.The National Strategy of Education for Development (PORTUGAL, 2018) follows the Schedule for 2030 (UNITED NATIONS, 2015), under the purpose “Transforming our world, leaving no one behind”. A society that searches for solutions to social problems assumes Development Education, for its practice committed to respect for human rights, against discrimination, in the face of events that threaten the right of freedom, justice and peace, promoting integral development. Considering the aforementioned strategy, a study was carried out in which the general objective is to know the students’ conceptions who are attending courses in the training of educators/teachers, on different themes included in development education, with a particular focus on human rights and discrimination. For this purpose, a questionnaire with open and closed questions was constructed, the data being the object of quantitative analysis (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) and qualitative analysis (content analysis). Most participants identified with the two themes, highlighting formal and non-formal contexts, in which they came into contact with them. The results lead to questioning the role of higher education institutions, as promoters of a critical and participatory reflection on human rights and non-discrimination. Education for human rights is crucial as all people have a responsibility to defend their rights and duties as human beings