Deciding on an Efficient Involuntary Bankruptcy Filing Petition Rule

Bankruptcy law deals with last recourse solutions to extreme financial and balance-sheet problems. Both debtor and his creditors will have incentives to begin an insolvency case balanced with other reasons that will encourage them not to begin it. Consequently legal systems usually tend to concentrate on rules that will spur either group to bring the bankruptcy proceeding when it is adequate. As a result some countries have creditors bringing most of the proceedings (as is the case of the United Kingdom) and others have debtors as the prime figures. This paper focuses on the creditor side of the equation and aims to provide for a normative stance on whether bankruptcy laws should promote liberal or restrictive standards for creditors to comply with in order to file an involuntary bankruptcy petition. Specifically, this paper will deal with the “unpaid due obligation” standard, which implies that a creditor can file an involuntary petition on the mere grounds of having an unpaid debt owed to the creditor. I will argue that a rule which restricts the ability of creditors to file an involuntary bankruptcy petition is inefficient

Lender Control Liability Functional Examination: The Firm and Heuristics

Lender control is criticized due to problems arising out of conflict of interests among different priority claimholders. Recently, it has been defended as a way to make the reorganization process more efficient. This paper builds on previous research on the theory of the firm to show that lender control generates inefficiencies even in situations where there is only one layer of legal claimants. Specifically, the paper demonstrates that departing from the nexus of explicit contracts paradigm, used by both previous critics and supporters of lender control, allows to understand other sources of lender control inefficiencies based on its inability to incorporate full firm value into her decision making. The paper suggests that, in contrast to the dwarfed role courts give lender control liability, its proper function should be to reestablish efficient incentives for a controlling lender. Lastly, drawing from the behavioral law and economics literature, the paper shows that hindsight bias is not the only cognitive error distorting adjudications of lender control liability and due attention should be given to anchoring in damage assessments

Deciding on an Efficient Involuntary Bankruptcy Filing Petition Rule

Bankruptcy law deals with last recourse solutions to extreme financial and balance-sheet problems. Both debtor and his creditors will have incentives to begin an insolvency case balanced with other reasons that will encourage them not to begin it. Consequently legal systems usually tend to concentrate on rules that will spur either group to bring the bankruptcy proceeding when it is adequate. As a result some countries have creditors bringing most of the proceedings (as is the case of the United Kingdom) and others have debtors as the prime figures. This paper focuses on the creditor side of the equation and aims to provide for a normative stance on whether bankruptcy laws should promote liberal or restrictive standards for creditors to comply with in order to file an involuntary bankruptcy petition. Specifically, this paper will deal with the “unpaid due obligation” standard, which implies that a creditor can file an involuntary petition on the mere grounds of having an unpaid debt owed to the creditor. I will argue that a rule which restricts the ability of creditors to file an involuntary bankruptcy petition is inefficient

Deciding on an Efficient Involuntary Bankruptcy Filing Petition Rule

Bankruptcy law deals with last recourse solutions to extreme financial and balance-sheet problems. Both debtor and his creditors will have incentives to begin an insolvency case balanced with other reasons that will encourage them not to begin it. Consequently legal systems usually tend to concentrate on rules that will spur either group to bring the bankruptcy proceeding when it is adequate. As a result some countries have creditors bringing most of the proceedings (as is the case of the United Kingdom) and others have debtors as the prime figures. This paper focuses on the creditor side of the equation and aims to provide for a normative stance on whether bankruptcy laws should promote liberal or restrictive standards for creditors to comply with in order to file an involuntary bankruptcy petition. Specifically, this paper will deal with the “unpaid due obligation” standard, which implies that a creditor can file an involuntary petition on the mere grounds of having an unpaid debt owed to the creditor. I will argue that a rule which restricts the ability of creditors to file an involuntary bankruptcy petition is inefficient

Evaluation of New Formulations of Antihelmintic Drugs for the Treatment of Schistosomiasis

La esquistosomosis es una enfermedad causada por parásitos trematodos del género Schistosoma. Afecta principalmente a áreas tropicales y subtropicales, siendo un principal problema de salud mundial por su alta incidencia en estas regiones. Una de las especies de mayor importancia, por su prevalencia y gravedad, es la causada por Schistosoma mansoni,responsable de la esquistosomosis intestinal. El tratamiento de elección esel praziquantel, con altas tasas de eficacia clínica. Sin embargo, el fármacono impide la reinfección y se ha observado fallos terapéuticos en zonasendémicas. Por ello, se hace necesaria la búsqueda de alternativas terapéuticas.El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar dos tipos de formulaciones denanopartículas de praziquantel (tipo A y tipo S) y un tratamiento alternativocomo la ivermectina mediante ensayos in vitro sobre adultos de S. mansoni.Los resultados demostraron que el tratamiento con nanopartículas presentauna eficacia similar o mayor que el empleo de praziquantel comercial. Sinembargo, el tratamiento con ivermectina no aportó evidencias de mayoreficacia. Trabajos futuros irán encaminados a evaluar estas formulacionesen otras fases del ciclo biológico, así como a realizar estudios in vivo enanimales de experimentación.Palabras clave: Schistosoma; esquistosomosis; praziquantel; nanopartículas;ivermectina.Fil: Castrillejo, Sergio A.. Universidad de Salamanca; EspañaFil: López Abán, Julio. Universidad de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Muro, Antonio. Universidad de Salamanca; EspañaFil: Salomon, Claudio Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Química Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Pastor Navarro, Marta. Universidad del País Vasco; España. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; EspañaFil: Pedraz, José Luis. Universidad del País Vasco; España. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Españ

GCIMS: An R package for untargeted gas chromatography - Ion mobility spectrometry data processing

Gas-Chromatography coupled to Ion Mobility Spectrometry (GC-IMS) based metabolomics is an emerging technique for obtaining fast, reliable untargeted metabolic fingerprints of biofluids. The generated raw data is highly dimensional and complex, suffers from baseline problems, misalignments, long peak tails and strong non-linearities that must be corrected to extract chemically relevant features from samples. In this work, we present our GCIMS R package, which includes spectra loading, metadata handling, denoising, baseline correction, spectral and chromatographic alignment, peak detection, integration, and peak clustering to produce a peak table ready for multivariate data analysis. We discuss package design decisions, and, for illustration purposes, we show a case study of sex discrimination on the basis of the volatile compounds in urine samples. The GCIMS package provides a user-friendly workflow for non-code developers to process their raw data samples

Small-scale spatial variability of soil CO2 flux: Implication for monitoring strategy

In recent decades, soil CO2 flux measurements have been often used in both volcanic and seismically active areas to investigate the interconnections between temporal and spatial anomalies in degassing and telluric activities. In this study, we focus on a narrow degassing area of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano, that has been chosen for its proximity and link with the frequently active volcanic area. Our aim is to constrain the degassing in this narrow area and identify the potential processes involved in both spatial and temporal soil CO2 variations in order to provide an enhanced monitoring strategy for soil CO2 flux. We performed a geophysical survey (self-potential measurements: SP; electrical resistivity tomography: ERT) to provide a high-resolution description of the subsurface. We identified one main SP negative anomaly dividing the area in two zones. Based on these results, we set ten control points, from the site of the main SP negative anomaly up to 230 m away, where soil CO2 fluxes were weekly measured during one year of intense eruptive activity at Piton de la Fournaise. Our findings show that lateral and vertical soil heterogeneities and structures exert a strong control on the degassing pattern. We find that temporal soil CO2 flux series at control points close to the main SP negative anomaly better record variations linked to the volcanic activity. We also show that the synchronicity between the increase of soil CO2 flux and deep seismicity can be best explained by a pulsed process pushing out the CO2 already stored and fractionated in the system. Importantly, our findings show that low soil CO2 fluxes and low carbon isotopic signature are able to track variations of volcanic activity in the same way as high fluxes and high carbon isotopic signature do. This result gives important insights in terms of monitoring strategy of volcanic and seismotectonic areas in geodynamics contexts characterized by difficult environmental operational conditions as commonly met in tropical areaPublished13-264A. Oceanografia e climaJCR Journa

Quid: observatorio de medios

En la primera parte de la obra se aborda el tema de medios y las elecciones de 2009; en la segunda, la transparencia y la rendición de cuentas, y en la tercera parte los medios de comunicación y el periodismo. Al final se presentan sembalnzas de Rigo Mora, Álvaro González de Mendoza y David “el Negro” Guerrero, quienes desde el cine y la radiodifusión, dejaron momentos memorables a la comunidad tapatía.ITESO, A.C

Demonstration of Zero-touch Device and L3-VPN Service Management using the TeraFlow Cloud-native SDN Controller

We demonstrate zero-touch device bootstrapping, monitoring, and L3-VPN service management using the novel TeraFlow OS SDN controller prototype. TeraFlow aims at producing a cloud-native carrier-grade SDN controller offering scalability, extensibility, high-performance, and high-availability features

Atlas de terapias urbanas basado en casos reales

El “Atlas de terapias urbanas1 ” se propone como una herramienta encaminada a facilitar la identificación y evaluación de mejoras urbanas adaptadas a las vocaciones de los diferentes entornos. El objeto de su creación está encaminado a servir en la toma de decisiones inteligentes a las instituciones y actores involucrados en la revitalización de los barrios andaluces. Proponemos una herramienta de mediación, que no solo se base en deficiencias barriales sino también en potencialidades; no solo en los deseos de la ciudadanía, sino también en las vocaciones de los entornos. El presente artículo trata de compendiar, de forma resumida, los avances y documentos internos desarrollados hasta la fecha por los autores que conforman esta investigación. En él se explican los conceptos y procesos fundamentales sobre los que se asienta el diseño de la herramienta buscada