1,392 research outputs found
Energy landscapes, lowest gaps, and susceptibility of elastic manifolds at zero temperature
We study the effect of an external field on (1+1) and (2+1) dimensional
elastic manifolds, at zero temperature and with random bond disorder. Due to
the glassy energy landscape the configuration of a manifold changes often in
abrupt, ``first order'' -type of large jumps when the field is applied. First
the scaling behavior of the energy gap between the global energy minimum and
the next lowest minimum of the manifold is considered, by employing exact
ground state calculations and an extreme statistics argument. The scaling has a
logarithmic prefactor originating from the number of the minima in the
landscape, and reads ,
where is the roughness exponent and is the energy fluctuation
exponent of the manifold, is the linear size of the manifold, and is
the system height. The gap scaling is extended to the case of a finite external
field and yields for the susceptibility of the manifolds . We also present a mean field argument
for the finite size scaling of the first jump field, .
The implications to wetting in random systems, to finite-temperature behavior
and the relation to Kardar-Parisi-Zhang non-equilibrium surface growth are
discussed.Comment: 20 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J.
Intermittence and roughening of periodic elastic media
We analyze intermittence and roughening of an elastic interface or domain
wall pinned in a periodic potential, in the presence of random-bond disorder in
(1+1) and (2+1) dimensions. Though the ensemble average behavior is smooth, the
typical behavior of a large sample is intermittent, and does not self-average
to a smooth behavior. Instead, large fluctuations occur in the mean location of
the interface and the onset of interface roughening is via an extensive
fluctuation which leads to a jump in the roughness of order , the
period of the potential. Analytical arguments based on extreme statistics are
given for the number of the minima of the periodicity visited by the interface
and for the roughening cross-over, which is confirmed by extensive exact ground
state calculations.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Extremal statistics in the energetics of domain walls
We study at T=0 the minimum energy of a domain wall and its gap to the first
excited state concentrating on two-dimensional random-bond Ising magnets. The
average gap scales as , where , is the energy fluctuation exponent, length scale, and
the number of energy valleys. The logarithmic scaling is due to extremal
statistics, which is illustrated by mapping the problem into the
Kardar-Parisi-Zhang roughening process. It follows that the susceptibility of
domain walls has also a logarithmic dependence on system size.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Effect of tamoxifen alone and in combination with RU 486 on the endometrium in the mid-luteal phase
The effects of RU 486 combined with tamoxifen and tamoxifen alone on hormonal parameters and endometrial development at the time of implantation were studied. Measurements of cytosolic oestrogen and progesterone receptors in endometrium and placental protein 14 (PP14) in plasma were also included. Three dosage schedules were used: single oral dose of 40 mg tamoxifen alone and in combination with 200 mg RU 486, and 40 mg tamoxifen for three consecutive days starting on the first day after the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. The combined treatment prolonged the luteal phase (P < 0.05) and increased the plasma levels of progesterone. A single dose of tamoxifen did not affect the bleeding pattern and plasma hormone levels, but raised plasma oestradiol and LH with the 3-day treatment. The endometrium was retarded after the combined and the 3-day treatment with tamoxifen. Concentrations of cytosolic progesterone receptors were higher after the combined therapy, but were unaffected after tamoxifen only. PP14 levels were higher (P < 0.05) after repeated tamoxifen doses than in controls, but were lower with combined treatment. Progesterone and oestrogen are evidently necessary for endometrial maturation during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. PP14 levels in plasma cannot be used for clinical assessments of endometrial function because high levels coincide with disturbed endometrial developmen
Susceptibility and Percolation in 2D Random Field Ising Magnets
The ground state structure of the two-dimensional random field Ising magnet
is studied using exact numerical calculations. First we show that the
ferromagnetism, which exists for small system sizes, vanishes with a large
excitation at a random field strength dependent length scale. This {\it
break-up length scale} scales exponentially with the squared random
field, . By adding an external field we then study the
susceptibility in the ground state. If , domains melt continuously and
the magnetization has a smooth behavior, independent of system size, and the
susceptibility decays as . We define a random field strength dependent
critical external field value , for the up and down spins to
form a percolation type of spanning cluster. The percolation transition is in
the standard short-range correlated percolation universality class. The mass of
the spanning cluster increases with decreasing and the critical
external field approaches zero for vanishing random field strength, implying
the critical field scaling (for Gaussian disorder) , where and .
Below the systems should percolate even when H=0. This implies that
even for H=0 above the domains can be fractal at low random fields, such
that the largest domain spans the system at low random field strength values
and its mass has the fractal dimension of standard percolation .
The structure of the spanning clusters is studied by defining {\it red
clusters}, in analogy to the ``red sites'' of ordinary site-percolation. The
size of red clusters defines an extra length scale, independent of .Comment: 17 pages, 28 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Collars and partitions of hyperbolic cone-surfaces
For compact Riemann surfaces, the collar theorem and Bers' partition theorem
are major tools for working with simple closed geodesics. The main goal of this
paper is to prove similar theorems for hyperbolic cone-surfaces. Hyperbolic
two-dimensional orbifolds are a particular case of such surfaces. We consider
all cone angles to be strictly less than to be able to consider
partitions.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures; v2: minor changes, to appear in Geometriae
Dedicat
Liikunta lasten tunnetaitojen vahvistajana
TiivistelmÀ. TÀmÀ kandidaatintutkielma kÀsittelee liikunnan ja tunnetaitojen yhteyttÀ sekÀ varhaiskasvatuksen ohjatun liikunnan keinoja toimia lapsen tunnetaitojen vahvistajana. Tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittÀÀ, miten varhaiskasvatuksen ohjattu liikunta voi toimia lapsen tunnetaitojen vahvistajana.
Tutkielma toteutettiin kuvailevana kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Kirjallisuuden valintaa ohjasivat varhaiskasvatuksen kontekstissa ilmenevÀt liikuntatuokiot sekÀ lasten tunnetaitojen tarkastelu. Aineistoina toimivataiheeseen liittyvÀ kotimainen ja kansainvÀlinen kirjallisuus sekÀtutkimusartikkelit. Kirjallisuutena on kÀytetty nykyaikaisia ja vertaisarviota lÀhteitÀ.
Tutkittaessa liikunnan ja tunnetaitojen yhteyttÀ todettiin liikunnan olevan lapselle luonteva tapa ilmaista tunteitaan. Tunteiden sÀÀtely ja itsetunto kehittyvÀt lapsen toimiessa vuorovaikutuksessa muiden kanssa. Tutkimustulokset osoittivat motoristen taitojen ja tunnetaitojen vÀlisen yhteyden. Toisena tutkimusongelmana oli selvittÀÀ, miten liikunnallisilla keinoilla voidaan tukea lapsen tunnetaitoja varhaiskasvatuksessa. Aiheeseen liittyvien tutkimustulosten tarkastelussa ilmeni, ettÀ varhaiskasvattajalla on merkittÀvÀ rooli lasten liikuntakasvattajana ja positiivisten tunnetaitojen vahvistajana. YmpÀristön, ilmapiirin ja palautteen merkitys nousivat myös tÀrkeiksi keinoiksi tukea lasten tunnetaitoja liikuntatuokioilla
Evaluation of bis-GMA/MMA resin adhesion to silica-coated and silanized titanium
The effects of pH value and alcohol solvent type of a silane solution on the bonding of an experimental resin to the silica-coated titanium (Ti) surface were studied. First, Ti surfaces underwent tribochemical Rocatec ⹠treatment followed by silanization of the surface with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS). Then, resin stubs based on a mixture of bisphenol-A-glycidyl dimethacrylate and methyl methacrylate were bonded and light-cured onto each silica-coated Ti surface (n = 6 per group). Two different solvents for MPS, namely iso-propanol (i-PrOH)/H2O and ethanol (EtOH)/H2O were used, at pH values of 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5, and shear bond strengths were tested both under dry storage conditions and after water sorption induced by accelerated aging (i.e. thermo-cycling). The shear bond strengths were also re-determined after the silane solutions had been stored at 4°C for 15 weeks before the silanization step. For dry samples, the shear bond strengths ranged from 7.5 to 10.6 MPa (ANOVA, p < 0.05) when the Ti surface had been silanized with MPS in i-PrOH/H2O, and from 6.5 to 12.4 MPa (ANOVA, p < 0.05) when the Ti surface had been silanized with MPS in EtOH/H2O at pH 4.5. Fifteen weeks of storage of the silane solution increased the shear bond strength of dry samples by ca. 1-4 MPa per test group. In contrast, thermo-cycling reduced the shear bond strength in both solvent systems. The weight of the test sample stubs increased by ca. 3.5 wt% after 187 days of being subjected to the water sorption test. © 2009 VSP.postprin
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