Reproductive capacity of the red cusk-eel genypterus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848) in captivity

Indexación: Scopus.This work was supported by the FONDEF Project D06I 1024 “Development of technologies for the production of red cusk-eel fingerlings (Genypterus chilensis)”.Genypterus chilensis is a marine fish of high gastronomic demand, whose capture has declined in recent years due to overfishing. In the development of the farming technology, high mortalities were obtained during egg incubation. The objective of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of fecundity and eggs viability of G. chilensis in captivity. The spawns of G. chilensis were analyzed over a period of 2 years and 3 months. The total fecundity was estimated by counting the masses and eggs produced monthly throughout the period. The results confirm that G. chilensis is a partial spawner, since a female may more than two masses of eggs per day, due to a large amount of mass spawned per season (621 average). The total production of masses of the Farming Centre during the period was 2,290; of these, only 7% (166) corresponding to 15,330,517 eggs were incubated. Because of its high fecundity, G. chilensis produces numerous masses of eggs, of which only a small percentage reaches incubation, as well as it occurs in other marine fish. © 2018, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar. All rights reserved.https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-560X201800020048

Potential methane production and molecular characterization of bacterial and archaeal communities in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland under cold and warm seasons

Organic matter removal in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF) treating wastewater is associated with the presence of bacteria and archaea. These organisms perform anaerobic microbial processes such as methanogenesis, which can lead to methane emissions. The aim of this study was to evaluate methane production and characterize the bacterial and archaeal communities found in HSSFs treating secondary urban wastewater during cold and warm seasons. The pilot system used in this study corresponds to four HSSFs, two planted with Phragmites australis (HSSF-Phr) and two planted with Schoenoplectus californicus (HSSF-Sch), the monitoring was carried out for 1335¿days. Removal efficiencies for organic matter (biological and chemical oxygen demand) and total and volatile suspended solids were evaluated in each HSSF. Moreover, biomass from each HSSF was sampled during warm and cold season, and methane productions determined by Specific Methanogenic Activity assays(maximum) (SMAm). In the same samples, the quantification and identification of bacteria and archaea were performed. The results showed that the degradation of organic matter (53–67% BOD5 and 51–62% COD) and suspended solids (85–93%) was not influenced by seasonal conditions or plant species. Potential methane production from HSSF-Sch was between 20 and 51% higher than from HSSF-Phr. Moreover, potential methane production during warm season was 3.4–42% higher than during cold season. The quantification of microorganisms in HSSFs, determined greater development of bacteria (38%) and archaea (50–57%) during the warm season. In addition, the species Schoenoplectus californicus has a larger number of bacteria (4–48%) and archaea (34–43%) than Phragmites australis. The identification of microorganisms evidenced the sequences associated with bacteria belong mainly to Firmicutes (42%), Proteobacteria (33%) and Bacteroidetes (25%). The archaea were represented primarily by Methanosarcinales, specifically Methanosaeta (75%) and Methanosarcina (16%). The community structure of the methanogenic archaea in HSSFs did not change throughout the seasons or plant species.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Reproductive capacity of the red cusk-eel Genypterus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848) in captivity

Genypterus chilensis is a marine fish of high gastronomic demand, whose capture has declined in recent years due to overfishing. In the development of the farming technology, high mortalities were obtained during egg incubation. The objective of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of fecundity and eggs viability of G. chilensis in captivity. The spawns of G. chilensis were analyzed over a period of 2 years and 3 months. The total fecundity was estimated by counting the masses and eggs produced monthly throughout the period. The results confirm that G. chilensis is a partial spawner, since a female may more than two masses of eggs per day, due to a large amount of mass spawned per season (621 average). The total production of masses of the Farming Centre during the period was 2,290; of these, only 7% (166) corresponding to 15,330,517 eggs were incubated. Because of its high fecundity, G. chilensis produces numerous masses of eggs, of which only a small percentage reaches incubation, as well as it occurs in other marine fish

50 Years of Cetacean Strandings Reveal a Concerning Rise in Chilean Patagonia

Indexación ScopusCetacean strandings (CS) have been reported in increasing numbers in coastal areas worldwide. Although the causes of these strandings are unknown, a number of anthropogenic and environmental factors have been suggested. This paper aims to characterize CS patterns and describe their fine-scale spatiotemporal dynamics. We analysed spatial and spatiotemporal CS patterns in Chile from January 1968 to January 2020. We identified a total of 389 CS events affecting eight cetacean families, 21 genera, and 35 species, which represent more than 85% of the reported species richness for the country. Most CS events (94.1%) were single (i.e., ≤two individuals). There were also 18 mass stranding (three to 24 individuals, 4.1%) and nine unusually large mass stranding events (>25 individuals, 2%). Purely spatial tests showed CS events appearing in random occurrence along the Chilean coast. Local tests for spatio-temporal clusters, however, identified a greater number of hotspots reported in the southernmost part of the country, namely, Chilean Patagonia. Specifically, significant spatio-temporal clusters were identified and defined as containing three or more individuals within a two-month period as a focal coastal event (<1 km radius). It is a cause of concern that CS events in Chile have been increasing consistently over the last decades, and although we were not able to identify their causes, we are able to highlight the importance of changes in climate conditions and of an increase in monitoring activities as primary drivers for such patterns, particularly important in Chilean Patagonia. © 2020, The Author(s).https://www-nature-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/articles/s41598-020-66484-

Consensus on complementary feeding from the Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition: COCO 2023

Abstract Complementary feeding (CF) is defined as infant feeding that complements breastfeeding or, alternatively, breastfeeding with a breast milk substitute, and is a process that goes beyond simply providing guidance on what and how to introduce foods. The information provided by health professionals should be up-to-date and evidence-based. There are different guidelines or position papers at the international level, which, although most of the recommendations may be applicable, there are some others that require regionalization or adaptation to the conditions and reality of each area. The Nutrition working group of the Latin American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition convened a group of experts, representatives from each of the countries that make up the society, with the objective of developing a consensus on CA, incorporating, when possible, local information that adapts to the reality of the region. The purpose of this document is to show the results of this work. Through Delphi methodology, a total of 34 statements or statements regarding relevant aspects of CA were evaluated, discussed and voted upon.Resumen La alimentación complementaria (AC) se define como la alimentación de los lactantes que complementa a la lactancia materna o en su defecto, a la lactancia con un sucedáneo de la leche materna, y es un proceso que va más allá de simplemente una guía sobre qué y cómo introducir los alimentos. La información brindada por parte de los profesionales de la salud debe ser actualizada y basada en evidencia. Existen diferentes guías o documentos de posición a nivel internacional, que, aunque la mayoría de las recomendaciones pueden ser aplicables, hay algunas otras que requieren una regionalización o adecuación a las condiciones y realidad de cada zona. El grupo de trabajo de Nutrición de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica convocó a un grupo de expertos, representantes de cada uno de los países que conforman la sociedad, con el objetivo de desarrollar un consenso sobre la AC, que incorporó cuando así fue posible, información local que se adapte a la realidad de la región. El objetivo de este documento es mostrar los resultados de dicho trabajo. A través de metodología Delphi, se evaluaron, discutieron y votaron un total de 34 declaraciones o enunciados con respecto a aspectos relevantes de la AC

Ex-post evaluation of tax credit known as ‘franquicia SENCE’ for labor training and its effect on Chilean firms

Este estudio analiza el impacto sobre una muestra de empresas chilenas que han utilizado la franquicia tributaria SENCE para capacitar a sus trabajadores. El impacto del programa se evalúa con el método cuasi-experimental de datos de panel utilizando la primera, segunda y tercera rondas de la Encuesta Longitudinal de Empresas, realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile. A pesar de que diversos estudios previos muestran efectos positivos y estadísticamente significativos sobre los trabajadores capacitados en términos de empleabilidad y/o remuneraciones, los resultados de este estudio muestran que no ocurre necesariamente lo mismo a nivel de empresas, ya que no existen impactos significativos sobre las ventas ni crecimiento de las ventas, pero se observa un incremento en las ventas por empleado y la contratación de trabajadores de producción calificados.This study analyses the impact that a tax credit known as ‘franquicia SENCE’ for labor training has on a sample of Chilean firms. A quasi-experimental method is used to evaluate the impact of this program, using data from the first, second and third wave of the Longitudinal Survey of Firms, applied by the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas of Chile. Although several previous studies show positive and statistically significant effects on treated workers (employability and/or wages), the results of this study show that this is not completely true at the firm level, since there are no significant impacts on sales and sales growth. However, there is an increase in sales per employee and in hiring skilled production workers

Evaluación ex-post de franquicia tributaria SENCE para capacitación laboral y su efecto sobre empresas chilenas

This study analyses the impact that a tax credit known as ‘franquicia SENCE’ for labor training has on asample of Chilean firms. A quasi-experimental method is used to evaluate the impact of this program,using data from the first, second and third wave of the Longitudinal Survey of Firms, applied by the Ins-tituto Nacional de Estadísticas of Chile. Although several previous studies show positive and statisticallysignificant effects on treated workers (employability and/or wages), the results of this study show thatthis is not completely true at the firm level, since there are no significant impacts on sales and salesgrowth. However, there is an increase in sales per employee and in hiring skilled production workers.Este estudo analisa o impacto sobre uma amostra de empresas chilenas que usaram a isenc¸ ão fiscal SENCEpara treinar seus trabalhadores. O impacto do programa é avaliado com o método quase-experimentalde dados em painel usando a primeira, segunda e terceira rodada da Pesquisa Longitudinal Negócios, rea-lizado pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatísticas do Chile. Embora vários estudos anteriores mostram efeitospositivos e estatisticamente significativos sobre os trabalhadores qualificados em termos de empregabi-lidade e/ou remunerac¸ ão, os resultados deste estudo mostram que não necessariamente ocorre a mesmacoisa ao nível da empresa, já que não existem impactos significativos sobre vendas nem crescimentode vendas, mas um aumento nas vendas por empregado e contratac¸ ão de trabalhadores de produc¸ ãoqualificados é observado.Este estudio analiza el impacto sobre una muestra de empresas chilenas que han utilizado la franquicia tributaria SENCE para capacitar a sus trabajadores. El impacto del programa se evalúa con el método cuasi-experimental de datos de panel utilizando la primera, segunda y tercera rondas de la Encuesta Longitudinal de Empresas, realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile. A pesar de que diversos estudios previos muestran efectos positivos y estadísticamente significativos sobre los trabajadores capacitados en términos de empleabilidad y/o remuneraciones, los resultados de este estudio muestran que no ocurre necesariamente lo mismo a nivel de empresas, ya que no existen impactos significativos sobre las ventas ni crecimiento de las ventas, pero se observa un incremento en las ventas por empleado y la contratación de trabajadores de producción calificados

Elementos de la estrategia de marketing y su efecto sobre la participación de mercado en la industria chilena

En este estudio se analiza cómo los elementos de la estrategia de marketing afectan la participación de mercado. Para ello, son utilizados datos de la Encuesta Nacional Industrial Anual (ENIA) realizada anualmente en Chile entre el a ̃ no 2000 y 2012. Al aplicar el método de pseudopanel con datos de estable- cimientos industriales chilenos, se concluye que la participación de mercado es afectada por la pertenencia a determinado sector económico más que por variables asociadas al marketing. Por lo anterior, se decide realizar nuevamente el análisis por sector industrial, encontrando impactos estadísticamente significati- vos de las variables de marketing en algunos sectores. En particular, el gasto en publicidad y promoción tiene un efecto positivo sobre la participación de mercado para un 45% de los sectores económicos analizados, y además, es la variable de marketing que genera un mayor impacto en la participación de mercado

Potential methane production and molecular characterization of bacterial and archaeal communities in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland under cold and warm seasons

Organic matter removal in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF) treating wastewater is associated with the presence of bacteria and archaea. These organisms perform anaerobic microbial processes such as methanogenesis, which can lead to methane emissions. The aim of this study was to evaluate methane production and characterize the bacterial and archaeal communities found in HSSFs treating secondary urban wastewater during cold and warm seasons. The pilot system used in this study corresponds to four HSSFs, two planted with Phragmites australis (HSSF-Phr) and two planted with Schoenoplectus californicus (HSSF-Sch), the monitoring was carried out for 1335¿days. Removal efficiencies for organic matter (biological and chemical oxygen demand) and total and volatile suspended solids were evaluated in each HSSF. Moreover, biomass from each HSSF was sampled during warm and cold season, and methane productions determined by Specific Methanogenic Activity assays(maximum) (SMAm). In the same samples, the quantification and identification of bacteria and archaea were performed. The results showed that the degradation of organic matter (53–67% BOD5 and 51–62% COD) and suspended solids (85–93%) was not influenced by seasonal conditions or plant species. Potential methane production from HSSF-Sch was between 20 and 51% higher than from HSSF-Phr. Moreover, potential methane production during warm season was 3.4–42% higher than during cold season. The quantification of microorganisms in HSSFs, determined greater development of bacteria (38%) and archaea (50–57%) during the warm season. In addition, the species Schoenoplectus californicus has a larger number of bacteria (4–48%) and archaea (34–43%) than Phragmites australis. The identification of microorganisms evidenced the sequences associated with bacteria belong mainly to Firmicutes (42%), Proteobacteria (33%) and Bacteroidetes (25%). The archaea were represented primarily by Methanosarcinales, specifically Methanosaeta (75%) and Methanosarcina (16%). The community structure of the methanogenic archaea in HSSFs did not change throughout the seasons or plant species.Peer Reviewe

Alfabetización económica y actitudes hacia la compra en universitarios posterior a un programa de educación económica

La presente investigación descriptiva-correlacional buscó determinar los efectos de un modelo de Educación Económica en la alfabetización económica y actitud hacia la compra en estudiantes de pedagogía de la ciudad de Temuco. La muestra estuvo conformada por 39 hombres y 31 mujeres seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico, a los cuales antes y después de participar en el programa de Educación Económica se les aplicó la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Compra y el Consumo y el Test de Alfabetización Económica para adultos (TAE-A). Los resultados indican una menor tendencia hacia la impulsividad en la compra y el consumo en los estudiantes después de participar en la intervención. Las implicancias de este estudio enfatizan la necesidad de crear tempranamente programas de formación económica para favorecer el cambio actitudinal y el consumo reflexivo