Introducción a la química orgánica : un enfoque curricular

This article examines several alternative approaches to a teaching curriculum in Organic Chemistry at the University level. A special attention is devoted to basic, general concepts and their organization in the introductory topics

Prevalence of Symptomatic Axial Osteoarthritis Phenotypes in Spain and Associated Socio-Demographic, Anthropometric, and Lifestyle Variables

Epidemiology of RMDFinanciado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Abstract] Objective. Axial osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of back and neck pain, however, few studies have examined its prevalence. The aim was to estimate the prevalence and the characteristics of symptomatic axial OA in Spain. Methods. EPISER2016 is a cross-sectional multicenter population-based study of people aged 40 years or older. Subjects were randomly selected using multistage stratified cluster sampling. Participants were contacted by telephone to complete rheumatic disease screening questionnaires. Two phenotypes were analyzed, patients with Non-exclusive axial OA (NEA-OA) and Exclusive axial OA (EA-OA). To calculate the prevalence and its 95% confidence interval (CI), the sample design was considered and weighting was calculated according to age, sex and geographic origin. Results. Prevalence of NEA-OA by clinical or clinical-radiographic criteria was 19.17% (95% CI: 17.82–20.59). The frequency of NEA-OA increased with age (being 3.6 times more likely in patients aged 80 s or more than in those between 40 and 49 years) and body mass index. It was significantly more frequent in women, as well as in the center of Spain. It was less frequent in those with a higher level of education. Lumbar OA was more frequent than cervical OA. This difference grew with increasing age and was not associated with gender. It was also greater in overweight and obese subjects. Conclusions. This is the first study on the prevalence of axial OA phenotypes in Europe describing the associated socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle variables.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. EPISER2016 was supported by Celgene, Gebro Pharma, Merck Sharp & Dohme in Spain, Pfizer, and Sanofi-Aventis, none of whom had any role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, or writing of this manuscript. MS was financed via the Rio Hortega Contract—Health Research Fund (CM17/00101), the Sanitary Research Fund integrated in the National Plan of Scientific Program, Technological Development and Innovation 2013–2016 and funded by the ISCIII-Subdirectorate General Evaluation and Promotion of Research-European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) "A way of making Europe

Synthesis of conjugated fluorene- alt -thiophene polymers with pendant perylenediimide units

In this article we present the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical, optical, and preliminary photophysical investigation of two novel poly(fluorene-alt-thiophene) conjugated polymers endowed with pendant perylenediimide electron acceptor units. We show a route to the synthesis of easily functionalizable monomers paving the way to the preparation of a variety of functionalized polymers with different properties and applications and reflecting the versatility of this synthetic methodologyMCyTDepto. de Química OrgánicaFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEpu

Spectral and structural study of the 4H-pyran ring containing an enaminoester moiety

The structural and spectral properties of a pyran ring containing an enaminoester moiety are described. Structural parametes and IR and Raman data are given. The results obtained indicate an almost planar heterocyclic ring and a complex hydrogen bonding situation. The vibrations of the mesomeric enaminoester system are discussed. For the purpose of comparison, spectral data of a more simple 4H-pyran are also given. © 1988.Peer Reviewe

Estructura cristalina y espectros de vibración de 2-amino 5-ciano 3-etoxicarbonil 4.6-difenil 4H-pirano

Trabajo presentado en la XXI Reunión bienal de la Real Sociedad española de Física, celebrada en Salamanca (España), del 4 al 10 de octubre de 1987Peer reviewe

Vibrational and structural study of 2-amino-4H-pyran derivatives

Seven 2-amino-4H-pyran derivatives have been studied by IR and Raman spectroscopy and the crystal structure of one (2-amino-3,5-dicyano-4-isopropyl-6-methyl-4H-pyran) has been determined by X-ray diffraction. For the purposes of comparison 3,5-dicyano-2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4H-pyran has also been studied. The seven 2-amino-4H-pyran derivatives considered contain an enaminonitrile system in their structure and present similar spectroscopic characteristics. However, the electronic properties of the substituents at the C(5) and C(6) atoms induce frequency and intensity changes in the corresponding ν(CC) IR and Raman band (>γ-pyran> band) and consequently in the degree of coupling with the ν(CC) of the C(2)C(3) bond (enamine band). The spectra reveal differences in the strength of hydrogen bonding and in the >planarity> of the ring. X-ray data for 2-amino-3,5-dicyano-4-isopropyl-6-methyl-4H-pyran show that the conformation of the pyran ring is a distorted boat. The N⋯NC intermolecular distances also indicate weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the crystal between the amino group of each molecule and two cyano groups of two neighbouring molecules. © 1987.Peer Reviewe

Energy and electron transfer in a poly(fluorene-alt-phenylene) bearing perylenediimides as pendant electron acceptor groups

We describe the synthesis and characterization of a novel poly(fluorene-alt-phenylene) substituted with perylenediimide (PDI) moieties as pendant groups. Cyclic voltammetry experiments show the amphoteric nature of the material, which combines the good electron donor ability of the polymeric chain with the acceptor properties of the pendant PDI moieties. Absorption spectroscopy suggests the presence of PDI aggregates, whereas the emission spectra show a strong emission quenching of both the polymeric backbone and the PDI units. Further investigation on the energy and/or electron-transfer processes involved is carried out by temperature-dependent excitation spectra and photoluminescence lifetimes. These studies show the presence of electron transfer not only from the electron donor polymeric chain to the pendant PDI units but also, and more remarkably, to PDI aggregates both in solution and in solid state, as is further confirmed by photoinduced absorption spectroscopyMinisterio de Ciencia y Tecnología (España)Depto. de Química OrgánicaFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEpu

Pharmacological inhibition of cannabinoid receptor 1 stimulates gastric release of nesfatin-1 via the mTOR pathway

AIM To determine whether Nucb2/nesfatin1 production is regulated by the cannabinoid system through the intracellular mTOR pathway in the stomach. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were treated with vehicle, rimonabant, rapamycin or rapamycin+rimonabant. Gastric tissue obtained from the animals was used for biochemical assays: Nucb2 mRNA measurement by real time PCR, gastric Nucb2/nesfatin protein content by western blot, and gastric explants to obtain gastric secretomes. Nucb2/nesfatin levels were measured in gastric secretomes and plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The inhibition of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) by the peripheral injection of an inverse agonist, namely rimonabant, decreases food intake and increases the gastric secretion and circulating levels of Nucb2/nesfatin-1. In addition, rimonabant treatment activates mTOR pathway in the stomach as showed by the increase in pmTOR/mTOR expression in gastric tissue obtained from rimonabant treated animals. These effects were confirmed by the use of a CB1 antagonist, AM281. When the intracellular pathway mTOR/S6k was inactivated by chronic treatment with rapamycin, rimonabant treatment was no longer able to stimulate the gastric secretion of Nucb2/nesfatin-1. CONCLUSION The peripheral cannabinoid system regulates food intake through a mechanism that implies gastric production and release of Nucb2/Nesfatin-1, which is mediated by the mTOR/S6k pathway