The Relationship Between The Laws Derived From The Organs Of Mercosur And The Legal Systems Of The Countries That Comprise Mercosur

Starting from Ouro Preto\u27s Protocol (O.P.P.) it is certain that Mercosur has international legal subjectivity,\u27 becoming in this respect an intergovernmental organization with international legal subjectivity

Relaciones Entre La Normativa Derivada De Los Organos Del Mercosur Y Los Sistemas Juridicos Particulares De Los Esrados Que Lo Conforman

A partir del protocolo de Ouro Preto (P.O.P.) es indudable que el Mercosur tiene subjetividad juridica internacional,l resultando ser en este respecto una organizaci6n intergubernamental con subjetividad juridica internacional

Riego deficitario controlado en Lilium : efecto sobre el contenido relativo de agua en hojas y la duración poscosecha de flores

Debido al carácter periurbano de muchas explotaciones de producción vegetal intensiva, la eficiencia en el uso del agua es uno de los factores más importantes a considerar. En este sentido, el desafío tecnológico es alcanzar niveles de rendimientos y calidad de producto aceptables con un menor uso de agua, resultando en un menor impacto ambiental. Paralelamente, la determinación de los efectos ecofisiológicos de una restricción hídrica puede ayudar a diseñar estrategias de manejo basadas en la respuesta del cultivo. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron determinar si la reducción de la dosis de riego tiene efecto sobre el contenido relativo de agua en hoja (CRAH) y si esta respuesta afecta la calidad y duración poscosecha de Lilium longiflorum para corte. Se observaron diferencias en CRAH en forma proporcional al nivel de stress hídrico impuesto, a la vez que hubo una reducción significativa del peso fresco de vara al momento de la cosecha. La duración poscosecha disminuyó levemente aunque no hubo diferencias significativas. Se concluye que el aporte hídrico podría reducirse hasta un 50% sin afectar severamente la calidad de flor ni la vida en florero de las varas de Lilium.Due to the peri-urban nature of many intensive farms, water use efficiency is one of the most important factors to consider. In this way, the technological challenge is to achieve acceptable levels of yields and product quality with less water use, resulting in less environmental impact. At the same time, the determination of the ecophysiological effects of a water restriction can help to design management strategies based on crop response. The objectives of this study were to determine if the reduction of the irrigation dose has an effect on the leaf relative water content (LRWC) and whether this response affects the quality and post-harvest duration of Lilium longiflorum for cutflower. Differences in LRWC were observed in proportion to the level of water stress imposed, while there was a significant reduction of fresh weight of stems at the time of harvest. The post-harvest duration decreased slightly although there were no significant differences. It was concluded that the water supply could be reduced up to 50% without severely affecting the product quality or vase life of Lilium cutflowers.Fil: Lorenzo, Gabriel Antonio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Neves, Selva. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Gonzalez, Mariel Norma. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Díaz, Gustavo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomí

Inflación + desarrollo : La inflación argentina: un enfoque estructural

Argentina atraviesa un proceso inflacionario de carácter estructural. Esto plantea dos fuertes definiciones: por un lado, el reconocimiento de un proceso de suba generalizada de precios que tiene lugar en Argentina y, por el otro, el de su caracterización como un proceso inseparable del esquema de desarrollo.Centro de Investigación en Economía Política y Comunicación (CIEPYC

La responsabilidad civil en el derecho de familia

Fil: Toledo, Selva Mónica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Gabriel, Silvia Cristina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Buenos Aires, Argentina"Dedicado a la memoria de mi mejor amiga Mónica Toledo, desaparecida el 16/04/92, en el accidente de Cnel. Vidal, con quien tuve el privilegio de compartir la redacción del presente artículo.

Mejoramiento genético en soja: efectos sobre el rendimiento, sus determinantes fisiológicos y el uso del agua

En los próximos años se prevé un aumento importante en la demanda mundial de alimentos como producto de un incremento de la población. Para cubrir esa demanda, la producción deberá aumentar a casi el doble (3). Argentina es uno de los principales países productores y exportadores de soja (Glycine max). Para aumentar la producción sin extender la agricultura hacia los ambientes más frágiles, la estrategia sería aumentar el rendimiento en ambientes aptos. Para avanzar en la mejora de los rendimientos resulta central efectuar estudios sobre ganancia genética para rasgos secundarios en el ambiente para el cual los genotipos fueron seleccionados, en particular cuando se trata de evaluar la respuesta a estrés (1). Sin embargo, es casi inexistente el conocimiento de los efectos de los programas de mejoramiento genético sobre los determinantes fisiológicos del rendimiento de soja en la región. La única evidencia disponible corresponde a condiciones potenciales de crecimiento (2), siendo nula la información referida al requerimiento y consumo de agua. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la productividad (i.e. biomasa total aérea), el rendimiento en grano y el consumo de agua de un grupo acotado de variedades de soja pertenecientes a grupos de madurez (GM) IV-V. Las variedades elegidas fueron representativas de las más utilizadas en el mercado argentino entre 1980 y 2016.EEA PergaminoFil: Avalos, Selva. Programa Nacional de Becas de Postgrado en el Exterior (BECAL); Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina.Fil: Zujic, Santiago. Criadero Santa Rosa, Salto; Argentina.Fil: Lozano, María Laura. Criadero Santa Rosa, Salto; Argentina.Fil: Otegui, María Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Cirilo, Alfredo Gabriel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; Argentina

Transdiagnostic neurocognitive deficits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia: a 1-year follow-up study

Background Neurocognition impairments are critical factors in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ), and also in those with somatic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Intriguingly, these severe mental illnesses are associated with an increased co-occurrence of diabetes (direct comorbidity). This study sought to investigate the neurocognition and social functioning across T2DM, MDD, BD, and SZ using a transdiagnostic and longitudinal approach. Methods A total of 165 participants, including 30 with SZ, 42 with BD, 35 with MDD, 30 with T2DM, and 28 healthy controls (HC), were assessed twice at a 1-year interval using a comprehensive, integrated test battery on neuropsychological and social functioning. Results Common neurocognitive impairments in somatic and psychiatric disorders were identified, including deficits in short-term memory and cognitive reserve (p < 0.01, η²p=0.08–0.31). Social functioning impairments were observed in almost all the disorders (p < 0.0001; η²p=0.29–0.49). Transdiagnostic deficits remained stable across the 1-year follow-up (p < 0.001; η²p=0.13–0.43) and could accurately differentiate individuals with somatic and psychiatric disorders (χ² = 48.0, p < 0.0001). Limitations The initial sample size was small, and high experimental mortality was observed after follow-up for one year. Conclusions This longitudinal study provides evidence of some possible overlap in neurocognition deficits across somatic and psychiatric diagnostic categories, such as T2DM, MDD, BD, and SZ, which have high comorbidity. This overlap may be a result of shared genetic and environmental etiological factors. The findings open promising avenues for research on transdiagnostic phenotypes of neurocognition in these disorders, in addition to their biological bases

Influence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Association of PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 Polymorphisms in NASH Advanced Liver Fibrosis

Advanced fibrosis; Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; Type 2 diabetesFibrosis avanzada; Esteatohepatitis no alcohólica; Diabetes tipo 2Fibrosi avançada; Esteatohepatitis no alcohòlica; Diabetis tipus 2Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of cirrhosis in western countries. Insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the polymorphisms patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) rs58542926 are independent risk factors of NASH. Nevertheless, little is known about the interaction between IR and T2D with these polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of NASH and the development of advanced fibrosis. Thus, our study aimed to investigate this relationship. This is a cross-sectional study including NASH patients diagnosed by liver biopsy, at the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. A total of 140 patients were included (93 T2D, 47 non-T2D). T2D (OR = 4.67; 95%CI 2.13–10.20; p < 0.001), PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 polymorphisms (OR = 3.94; 95%CI 1.63–9.54; p = 0.002) were independently related with advanced liver fibrosis. T2D increased the risk of advance fibrosis on top of the two polymorphisms (OR = 14.69; 95%CI 3.03–77.35; p = 0.001 for PNPLA3 rs738409 and OR = 11.45; 95%CI 3.16–41.55; p < 0.001 for TM6SF2 rs58542926). In non-T2D patients, the IR (HOMA-IR ≥ 5.2, OR = 14.33; 95%CI 2.14–18.66; p = 0.014) increased the risk of advanced fibrosis when the polymorphisms were present (OR = 19.04; 95%CI 1.71–650.84; p = 0.042). The T2D and IR status increase the risk of advanced fibrosis in patients with NASH carrying the PNPLA3 rs738409 and/or TM6SF2 rs58542926 polymorphisms, respectively

Motor speed predicts stability of cognitive deficits in both schizophrenic and bipolar I patients at one-year follow-up

Background We examined whether motor speed assessed by the finger tapping test predicts generalized and specific stable deficits because of a common patho-genic process in bipolar and schizophrenic patients. Methods: One hundred and two patients underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests. Patients with a score of less than one standard deviation from their siblings' sample in two assessments with an interval of one year were defined as suffering from stable deficits because of a common pathogenic process. In addition to univariate analyses, factor analyses, ordinal logistic regression, and multiple linear regressions were used. A general score was also calculated. Results: No differences were found between schizophrenic and bipolar patients in the deficits of verbal fluency, shift reasoning ability and executive attention. Schizophrenic patients had greater persistent cognitive deficit because of a common pathogenic factor in the verbal memory dimension than bipolar patients. Motor speed predicted the specific deficits of verbal fluency, shift reasoning, executive attention and the general deficit of both bipolar I and schizophrenic patients. Bipolar patients suffered a lesser specific deficit in the verbal memory dimension than schizophrenic patients did, this domain not being predicted by motor speed. Motor speed predicted the generalized deficit and the specific dimensions in which schizophrenic and bipolar patients showed no differences. Conclusions: These results suggest the presence of general and specific stable cognitive deficits because of a common pathogenic factor related to psychomotor slowness. Motor speed seems to be suitable endophenocognitype for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder