Desarrollo y vulnerabilidad : adolescentes en el escenario local en España

Este trabajo analiza los riesgos derivados de la socialización de los adolescentes españoles del Siglo XXI en España y su vinculación con el desarrollo local. Es una investigación de métodos múltiples, que combina técnicas cuantitativas -cuestionario- y cualitativas -entrevistas, relatos de vida y grupos de discusión-, integrando procesos empíricos de triangulación múltiple. Se analizó longitudinalmente 157 adolescentes sometidos a sentencias de internamiento judicial entre los años 2008 a 2014; destacan como principales resultados que las dificultades se generan en entornos urbanos, se descubre el rápido deterioro tanto de los valores como de la función educativa de los padres, la mercantilización de las relaciones humanas, se alerta en torno a la cosificación del ocio que reduce las capacidades creativas y críticas de los adolescentes. Las conclusiones aportan un enfoque vacío de conciencia colectiva, donde el sometimiento al riesgo es generalizado en cualquier clase o estatus social, extendiéndose desde la esfera cotidiana del adolescente

A mediação penitenciária como método alternativo de resolução de conflitos entre internos no âmbito penitenciário

Penitentiary mediation is a method of peaceful conflict resolution among inmates, based on dialog and respect, which makes it possible for individuals involved to assume responsibility for their conduct, and to assume a prominent role in the process and in the actual peaceful resolution of conflicts. The central objective of this research is to demonstrate the viability of using mediation in the penitentiary setting as an alternative for resolving interpersonal conflicts between inmates. In order to do this, first of all, the institutional and legal mechanisms of interpersonal conflict resolution in Spanish penitentiary centers are analyzed. Next, the penitentiary population is characterized by comparative analysis, thus identifying the existing services and/or projects of mediation. Lastly, the conflicts and the viability of application of mediation in a concrete penitentiary center are analyzed, based on the stakeholders. In order to carry out the investigation, primary and secondary sources have been used, of a quantitative as well as a qualitative nature. The results of this research confirm that mediation is viable and effective in a penitentiary setting.La mediación penitenciaria es un método de resolución pacífica de conflictos entre internos, basado en el diálogo y el respeto, que permite a las personas implicadas asumir la responsabilidad de su conducta, el protagonismo en el proceso y en la propia resolución pacífica del conflicto. La investigación tiene como objetivo central demostrar la viabilidad de la mediación en el ámbito penitenciario para la resolución alternativa de conflictos interpersonales entre internos. Para ello, en primer lugar, se analizan los mecanismos institucionales y legales de resolución de conflictos interpersonales en los centros penitenciarios españoles. Seguidamente se procede a caracterizar la población penitenciaria desde un análisis comparativo, identificando, así mismo, los servicios y/o proyectos de mediación existentes y, por último, se analizan, desde sus participantes, los conflictos y la viabilidad de aplicación de la mediación en un centro penitenciario concreto. Para la realización de la investigación se han utilizado fuentes primarias y secundarias, con un carácter tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo. Los resultados de la investigación confirman que la mediación es viable y eficaz en el entorno penitenciario.A mediação penitenciária é um método de resolução pacífica de conflitos entre internos, com base no diálogo e no respeito, que permite que as pessoas envolvidas assumam a responsabilidade por seu comportamento, o protagonismo no processo e na própria resolução pacífica do conflito. A investigação tem como objetivo central demonstrar a viabilidade da mediação no âmbito penitenciário para a resolução alternativa de conflitos interpessoais entre internos. Para isso, são analisados em primeiro lugar os mecanismos institucionais e legais de resolução de conflitos interpessoais nos centros penitenciários espanhóis. Em seguida se procede a caracterização da população penitenciária a partir de uma análise comparativa, identificando, do mesmo modo, os serviços e/ou projetos de mediação existentes. Por último, são analisados, a partir de seus participantes, os conflitos e a viabilidade de aplicação da mediação em um centro penitenciário concreto. Para a realização da investigação foram usadas fontes primárias e secundárias, com um caráter tanto quantitativo como qualitativo. Os resultados da investigação confirmam que a mediação é viável e eficaz no ambiente penitenciário

Prison mediation as alternative dispute resolution between domestic prisons

Mediation is a method penitentiary peaceful resolution of internal conflicts based on dialogue and respect, allowing those involved to take responsibility for their behavior, the role in the process and the peaceful resolution of the conflict itself. The research center aims to demonstrate the viability of mediation in prisons for the alternative resolution of interpersonal conflicts among inmates. To do so, first, we analyze the institutional and legal mechanisms for resolving interpersonal conflicts in Spanish prisons. It then proceeds to characterize the prison population from a comparative analysis, identifying, likewise, services and / or existing mediation projects and, finally, discusses, from its participants, conflicts and feasibility of using mediation in Specifically a Penitentiary. For the realization of the research have been used primary and secondary sources, with both quantitative and qualitative. The results of the investigation confirm that mediation is feasible and effective in the prison setting

De los riesgos en la socialización global: adolescentes en conflicto con la ley con perfil de ajuste social

El presente artículo analiza los efectos del cambio social en los adolescentes de la era del riesgo.Se trata de una investigación que integra diferentes métodos y técnicas en aras de triangular las evidencias. Se estudiaron 183 adolescentes condenados a medidas de internamiento judicial durante un periodo de cinco años (desde 2011). Como principales hallazgos destacan la presencia de riesgo en contextos protegidos, donde los padres han disminuido el compromiso instructivo sobre sus hijos, delegando su responsabilidad parental, reduciéndose así la educación familiar en valores prosociales. Por otro lado, se alerta en torno a la cosificación de las relaciones entre las personas y la existencia de un ocio despersonalizado y virtual que paraliza la actitud crítica y creativa de los adolescentes. Las conclusiones muestran una sociedad altamente individualizada, donde el riesgo emerge como un aspecto en la vida cotidiana y presente en todos los círculos y estratos sociales

Estimating Kidney Function in the Critically Ill Patients

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an accepted measure for assessment of kidney function. For the critically ill patient, creatinine clearance is the method of reference for the estimation of the GFR, although this is often not measured but estimated by equations (i.e., Cockroft-Gault or MDRD) not well suited for the critically ill patient. Functional evaluation of the kidney rests in serum creatinine (Crs) that is subjected to multiple external factors, especially relevant overhydration and loss of muscle mass. The laboratory method used introduces variations in Crs, an important fact considering that small increases in Crs have serious repercussion on the prognosis of patients. Efforts directed to stratify the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) have crystallized in the RIFLE or AKIN systems, based in sequential changes in Crs or urine flow. These systems have provided a common definition of AKI and, due to their sensitivity, have meant a considerable advantage for the clinical practice but, on the other side, have introduced an uncertainty in clinical research because of potentially overestimating AKI incidence. Another significant drawback is the unavoidable period of time needed before a patient is classified, and this is perhaps the problem to be overcome in the near future

Bladder Mucosal CO2 Compared with Gastric Mucosal CO2 as a Marker for Low Perfusion States in Septic Shock

Recent reports indicate the possible role of bladder CO2 as a marker of low perfusion states. To test this hypothesis, shock was induced in six beagle dogs with 1 mg/kg of E. coli lipopolysaccharide, gastric CO2 (CO2-G) was measured with a continuous monitor, and a pulmonary catheter was inserted in the bladder to measure CO2 (CO2-B). Levels of CO2-B were found to be lower than those of CO2-G, with a mean difference of 36.8 mmHg (P < 0.001), and correlation between both measurements was poor (r2 = 0.16). Even when the correlation between CO2-G and ΔCO2-G was narrow (r2 = 0.86), this was not the case for the relationship between CO2-B and ΔCO2-B (r2 = 0.29). Finally, the correlation between CO2-G and base deficit was good (r2 = 0.45), which was not the case with the CO2-B correlation (r2 = 0.03). In our experience, bladder CO2 does not correlate to hemodynamic parameters and does not substitute gastric CO2 for detection of low perfusion states

Surviving Maria from Dominica: Memory, Displacement and Bittersweet Beginnings

This paper refracts questions of human 'resilience' through the prism of social relations. Herein, it asks how Caribbean people utilize interpersonal networks, patterns of sociality and kinship relations to mitigate the exigencies of increasingly violent hurricanes. The essay draws on the individual narratives of three Dominicans: a librarian who recollects moments of familial support during hurricane David of 1979; the post-Maria journey of dislocation of a young woman as she ventures through an extended kin network, finding herself adrift in East London, far from loved ones; and a teacher and mother, who finally gets her 'papers' for America - reunited with her husband after years of waiting, yet, forced to leave her mother, father, and siblings at home. These narratives chart the social debris of Maria, while illustrating the ambivalent routes people take to reassemble their lives. In turn, they present kinship togetherness amidst chaos, an uprooted life in waiting, and the sudden acceleration of a long-awaited familial migration. Hence,'resilience' is revealed as something that is ethnographically fraught with contradiction; ever incomplete and bittersweet. More broadly, the paper complicates questions of 'resilience' by offering an interpersonal ethnographic perspective that compliments the large-scale focus of most disaster scholarship

Short-term changes in klotho and FGF23 in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction—a substudy of the DAPA-VO2 study

The klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) pathway is implicated in cardiovascular pathophysiology. This substudy aimed to assess the changes in klotho and FGF-23 levels 1-month after dapagliflozin in patients with stable heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The study included 29 patients (32.2% of the total), with 14 assigned to the placebo group and 15 to the dapagliflozin, as part of the double-blind, randomized clinical trial [DAPA-VO2 (NCT04197635)]. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 30 days, and Klotho and FGF-23 levels were measured using ELISA Kits. Between-treatment changes (raw data) were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney test and expressed as median (p25%–p75%). Linear regression models were utilized to analyze changes in the logarithm (log) of klotho and FGF-23. The median age was 68.3 years (60.8–72.1), with 79.3% male and 81.5% classified as NYHA II. The baseline medians of left ventricular ejection fraction, glomerular filtration rate, NT-proBNP, klotho, and FGF-23 were 35.8% (30.5–37.8), 67.4 ml/min/1.73 m2 (50.7–82.8), 1,285 pg/ml (898–2,305), 623.4 pg/ml (533.5–736.6), and 72.6 RU/ml (62.6–96.1), respectively. The baseline mean peak oxygen uptake was 13.1 ± 4.0 ml/kg/min. Compared to placebo, patients on dapagliflozin showed a significant median increase of klotho [Δ+29.5, (12.9–37.2); p = 0.009] and a non-significant decrease of FGF-23 [Δ−4.6, (−1.7 to −5.4); p = 0.051]. A significant increase in log-klotho (p = 0.011) and a decrease in log-FGF-23 (p = 0.040) were found in the inferential analysis. In conclusion, in patients with stable HFrEF, dapagliflozin led to a short-term increase in klotho and a decrease in FGF-23

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

A mediação penitenciária como método alternativo de resolução de conflitos entre internos no âmbito penitenciário

Penitentiary mediation is a method of peaceful conflict resolution among inmates, based on dialog and respect, which makes it possible for individuals involved to assume responsibility for their conduct, and to assume a prominent role in the process and in the actual peaceful resolution of conflicts. The central objective of this research is to demonstrate the viability of using mediation in the penitentiary setting as an alternative for resolving interpersonal conflicts between inmates. In order to do this, first of all, the institutional and legal mechanisms of interpersonal conflict resolution in Spanish penitentiary centers are analyzed. Next, the penitentiary population is characterized by comparative analysis, thus identifying the existing services and/or projects of mediation. Lastly, the conflicts and the viability of application of mediation in a concrete penitentiary center are analyzed, based on the stakeholders. In order to carry out the investigation, primary and secondary sources have been used, of a quantitative as well as a qualitative nature. The results of this research confirm that mediation is viable and effective in a penitentiary setting.La mediación penitenciaria es un método de resolución pacífica de conflictos entre internos, basado en el diálogo y el respeto, que permite a las personas implicadas asumir la responsabilidad de su conducta, el protagonismo en el proceso y en la propia resolución pacífica del conflicto. La investigación tiene como objetivo central demostrar la viabilidad de la mediación en el ámbito penitenciario para la resolución alternativa de conflictos interpersonales entre internos. Para ello, en primer lugar, se analizan los mecanismos institucionales y legales de resolución de conflictos interpersonales en los centros penitenciarios españoles. Seguidamente se procede a caracterizar la población penitenciaria desde un análisis comparativo, identificando, así mismo, los servicios y/o proyectos de mediación existentes y, por último, se analizan, desde sus participantes, los conflictos y la viabilidad de aplicación de la mediación en un centro penitenciario concreto. Para la realización de la investigación se han utilizado fuentes primarias y secundarias, con un carácter tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo. Los resultados de la investigación confirman que la mediación es viable y eficaz en el entorno penitenciario.A mediação penitenciária é um método de resolução pacífica de conflitos entre internos, com base no diálogo e no respeito, que permite que as pessoas envolvidas assumam a responsabilidade por seu comportamento, o protagonismo no processo e na própria resolução pacífica do conflito. A investigação tem como objetivo central demonstrar a viabilidade da mediação no âmbito penitenciário para a resolução alternativa de conflitos interpessoais entre internos. Para isso, são analisados em primeiro lugar os mecanismos institucionais e legais de resolução de conflitos interpessoais nos centros penitenciários espanhóis. Em seguida se procede a caracterização da população penitenciária a partir de uma análise comparativa, identificando, do mesmo modo, os serviços e/ou projetos de mediação existentes. Por último, são analisados, a partir de seus participantes, os conflitos e a viabilidade de aplicação da mediação em um centro penitenciário concreto. Para a realização da investigação foram usadas fontes primárias e secundárias, com um caráter tanto quantitativo como qualitativo. Os resultados da investigação confirmam que a mediação é viável e eficaz no ambiente penitenciário