Kadın İşgücüne Katılımında Artışın Belirleyicileri: Kuşak Etkisinin Ayrıştırılması

Türkiye’de kadınların işgücüne katılım oranı uluslararası standartlara göre oldukça düşük olmakla birlikte son yıllarda önemli bir artış göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı söz konusu artışın kaynaklarının araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmanın odağında doğum yılı kuşağının işgücüne katılım üzerindeki etkisinin ayrıştırılması yer almaktadır. Kuşak etkileri, sosyal normlardaki değişimin işgücüne katılım üzerindeki gözlemlenemeyen etkileri temsil etmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Çalışma sonuçları, son dönemde gözlenen işgücüne katılım oranındaki artışta kuşak etkilerinin önemli belirleyici bir faktör olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Eğitim düzeyindeki iyileşme, emeklilik yaşının yükselmesi ve doğurganlığın azalması işgücüne katılımı artıran diğer önemli faktörlerdir. Öte yandan, çocuk sahibi olmanın işgücüne katılım üzerindeki olumsuz etkisinde zaman içinde bir azalma görülmemektedir

Kadın İşgücüne Katılımında Artışın Belirleyicileri: Kuşak Etkisinin Ayrıştırılması

Türkiye’de kadınların işgücüne katılım oranı uluslararası standartlara göre oldukça düşük olmakla birlikte son yıllarda önemli bir artış göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı söz konusu artışın kaynaklarının araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmanın odağında doğum yılı kuşağının işgücüne katılım üzerindeki etkisinin ayrıştırılması yer almaktadır. Kuşak etkileri, sosyal normlardaki değişimin işgücüne katılım üzerindeki gözlemlenemeyen etkileri temsil etmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Çalışma sonuçları, son dönemde gözlenen işgücüne katılım oranındaki artışta kuşak etkilerinin önemli belirleyici bir faktör olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Eğitim düzeyindeki iyileşme, emeklilik yaşının yükselmesi ve doğurganlığın azalması işgücüne katılımı artıran diğer önemli faktörlerdir. Öte yandan, çocuk sahibi olmanın işgücüne katılım üzerindeki olumsuz etkisinde zaman içinde bir azalma görülmemektedir

The Case of MRI Repetitions with Direct and Indirect Cost Implications: Evidence from Hacettepe University Hospitals

This study investigates the case of repeated MRIs using data from Hacettepe University Hospitals. Results indicate that almost 34% of MRI consultations have to be repeated within the same year due to suboptimal quality that hinders correct assessment and diagnosis. Suboptimal quality refers to; movement artefacts, use of wrong scan technique or sequence, inexperienced reader and/or shortened time intervals. In fact, almost 30% of those repetitions result in a change in diagnosis. Results suggest that the probability of repetition is higher among women and children

Initial maternal meiotic I error leading to the formation of a maternal i(2q) and a paternal i(2p) in a healthy male

We report on the investigation of the parental origin and mode of formation of the two isochromosomes, i(2p) and i(2q), detected in a healthy adult male. Conventional cytogenetic analysis revealed the proband’s lack of structurally normal chromosomes 2, these being replaced by an i(2p) and an i(2q). Investigation of the parental origin of the isochromosomes revealed a paternal origin of the i(2p) chromosome and a maternal origin of the i(2q) chromosome. Thus, the formation of both isochromosomes, or at least of the paternal i(2p), appears to have occurred postzygotically. Interestingly, whilst a paternal isodisomy was observed for the entire 2p, maternal heterodisomy was detected for two segments of 2q, separated by a segment showing isodisomy. The results are indicative of an initial error (non-disjunction or i(2q) formation) concerning the maternal chromosomes 2 during meiosis I, which likely favored the subsequent mitotic recombination event resulting in the presence of two isochromosomes. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of an initial meiotic error, followed by postzygotic trisomy rescue through the formation of isochromosomes, resulting in a normal phenotype. A prenatal detection, by cytogenetic and molecular analysis, of such chromosome abnormality would have led to the incorrect conclusion of a most likely poor prognosis for the fetus

Improvement in Attention and Executive Functions During Isotretinoin Treatment in Patients With Acne

Background and Design: We assessed attention, memory, verbal-linguistic ability, and executive functions in acne vulgaris patients before and during isotretinoin treatment.Materials and Methods: Fifty-two treatment-naive acne patients at baseline and 24 at the second visit were evaluated. A neurocognitive battery including the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning and Memory Test, Auditory Consonant Trigram Test, Controlled Word Association Test, Digit Span Test, Trail Making Test A and B and the Stroop Test was used. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) were also applied.Results: We found improvements in attention and executive functions at the second visit in comparison with the baseline evaluations. No alteration was found in verbal episodic memory, learning, working memory, and phonemic verbal fluency (Digit Span Forwards Test p=0.003, Trial Making-A Test p=0.002, Trial Making –B Test p=0.000, Stroop test p=0.028).Discussion: The positive effects of isotretinoin on cognitive functions may be related to the decline in acne lesions and less mental occupation with the social impacts of acne

Anti-inflammatory and ultrastructural effects of Turkish propolis in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis

Introduction. Experimental animal models of acute uveitis, an inflammatory eye disease, can be established via endotoxin-induced inflammation. Propolis, a natural substance collected by honeybees from buds and tree exudates, has antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the effects of propolis, obtained from the Sakarya province of Turkey, on endotoxin-induced uveitis using immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical approaches. Material and methods. Male Wistar albino rats (n = 6/group) received intraperitoneal (ip) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin (150 μg/kg) followed by aqueous extract of propolis (50 mg/kg ip) or vehicle; two additional groups received either saline (control) or propolis only. After 24 h, aqueous humor (AH) was collected from both eyes of each animal for analysis of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Right eyeballs were paraffin-embedded for immunohistochemical staining of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/p65 and left eyeballs were araldite-embedded for ultrastructural analysis. Results. Treatment of LPS-induced uveitis with propolis significantly reduced ciliary body NF-κB/p65 immunoreactivity and AH levels of HIF-1α and TNF-α. Ultrastructural analysis showed fewer vacuoles and reduced mitochondrial degeneration in the retinal pigment epithelium, as compared to the uveitis group. The intercellular spaces of the inner nuclear layer and outer limiting membrane were comparable with those of the control group; no polymorphonuclear cells or stasis was observed in intravascular or extravascular spaces. Conclusions. This is the first report demonstrating an anti-inflammatory effect of Turkish propolis in a rat model of LPS-induced acute uveitis, suggesting a therapeutic potential of propolis for the treatment of inflammatory ophthalmic diseases

Dissecting the Prognostic Significance and Functional Role of Progranulin in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is known for its strong dependency on the tumor microenvironment. We found progranulin (GRN), a protein that has been linked to inflammation and cancer, to be upregulated in the serum of CLL patients compared to healthy controls, and increased GRN levels to be associated with an increased hazard for disease progression and death. This raised the question of whether GRN is a functional driver of CLL. We observed that recombinant GRN did not directly affect viability, activation, or proliferation of primary CLL cells in vitro. However, GRN secretion was induced in co-cultures of CLL cells with stromal cells that enhanced CLL cell survival. Gene expression profiling and protein analyses revealed that primary mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in co-culture with CLL cells acquire a cancer-associated fibroblast-like phenotype. Despite its upregulation in the co-cultures, GRN treatment of MSCs did not mimic this effect. To test the relevance of GRN for CLL in vivo, we made use of the Eμ-TCL1 CLL mouse model. As we detected strong GRN expression in myeloid cells, we performed adoptive transfer of Eμ-TCL1 leukemia cells to bone marrow chimeric Grn−/− mice that lack GRN in hematopoietic cells. Thereby, we observed that CLL-like disease developed comparable in Grn−/− chimeras and respective control mice. In conclusion, serum GRN is found to be strongly upregulated in CLL, which indicates potential use as a prognostic marker, but there is no evidence that elevated GRN functionally drives the disease

IL4I1 Is a Metabolic Immune Checkpoint that Activates the AHR and Promotes Tumor Progression

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy induces the AHR-activating enzyme IL4I1, which promotes tumor progression, through its effects on tumor cell motility and adaptive immunity

Orta toroslar artanada antik kenti ve çevrisi arazi kullanımı

TEZ7174Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2009.Kaynakça (s.65-68) var.viii, 70 s. : rnk.res. ; 29 cm.The thesis aims to study the present land use and related agricultural production of the ancient lands of the Artanada city and its environs. Thus, a Geographical Information System data base is being developed by the use of satellite images, soil maps and cadastral information The study attempts to put forward recommendations regarding the conservation of the historical and sustainable use of the historical land.Orta Toroslar'da Artanada antik kenti ve çevresinde geçmiş dönemlerden günümüze değin, olası arazilerin kullanımı ile bölgedeki tarımsal üretimin arazi kullanımına yönelik sınıflandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, konu ile ilgili bir Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri veri tabanı oluşturulmuştur. Bu amaçla, güncel uydu verileri, toprak haritaları ve tapu kayıtları kullanılmıştır. Oluşturulan veri tabanıyla tarihsel ve güncel olarak kullanılan arazilerin. kültürel doku ve doğal zenginliklerinin korunması ve sürdürülebilir kullanımları amacına yönelik öneriler gündeme getirilmeye çalışılmıştır.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No:ZF2008YL4