445 research outputs found

    Novel Monoclonal Antibodies for Cancer Treatment: The Trifunctional Antibody Catumaxomab (Removab®)

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    The trifunctional antibody (trAb) catumaxomab is characterized by a unique ability to bind three different cell types: tumor cells; T-cells; and accessory cells. It binds to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) on tumor cells, the CD3 antigen on T-cells, and to type I, IIa, and III Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) on accessory cells (e.g. natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages). Catumaxomab exerts its anti-tumor effects via T-cell-mediated lysis, antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and phagocytosis via activation of FcγR-positive accessory cells. Catumaxomab represents a self-supporting system, as no additional immune cell activation is required for tumor eradication. The efficacy and safety of catumaxomab have been demonstrated in a pivotal phase II/III study in malignant ascites (MA) and supporting phase I/II studies. It is administered as four intraperitoneal (i.p.) infusions of 10, 20, 50, and 150 µg on days 0, 3, 7, and 10, respectively. Catumaxomab was approved for the i.p. treatment of MA in patients with EpCAM-positive carcinomas where standard therapy is not available or no longer feasible in the European Union in April 2009. It is the first trAb and the first drug in the world approved specifically for the treatment of MA. Catumaxomab was awarded the Galen of Pergamon Prize, which recognizes pharmacological research for developing new and innovative drugs and diagnostics, in the specialist care category in 2010. The use of catumaxomab in other indications and additional routes of administration are currently being investigated to further exploit its therapeutic potential in EpCAM-positive carcinomas

    Associação entre miopatia induzida por estatinas e exercício físico

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    Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em FarmacologiaIntrodução: Ainda permanece pouco entendido se a associação entre exercício e estatina é condição potencial que induz à miopatia. Objetivo: Realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a associação entre a miopatia induzida pelo uso de estatinas nas dislipidemias, e a prática de exercícios físicos. Desenvolvimento: Apesar das controvérsias, há várias hipóteses que tentam explicar o desenvolvimento de miopatias induzidas pela estatina. A apoptose é a teoria mais citada pelos autores, embora os mecanismos pelos quais a apoptose ocorra ainda não sejam totalmente compreendidos. Contudo, sugere-se que o comprometimento de outros subprodutos do mevalonato diferentes do esqualeno, que forma o colesterol, tais como aqueles envolvidos com a prenilação que altera as proteínas regulatórias como as guanosina trifosfato (GTPases), da proteína cinase ativada por mitógeno (MAPK), e ubiquinona, estejam relacionados com a miopatia induzida por estatina. Os estudos que investigaram a relação entre exercícios e miopatia induzida pela estatina são ainda menos conclusivos, com algum indício que o primeiro potencializou os efeitos deletérios das estatinas. Boa parte dos estudos investigou o efeito agudo do exercício com características excêntricas e observaram aumento da creatina quinase (CK), que é um dos possíveis indicadores de miopatia. Contudo, o exercício excêntrico, por si só, também gera aumento de CK. Conclusão: Ainda não há consenso sobre a relação entre exercícios e estatina, e o uso de marcadores de dano muscular mais específicos do que os marcadores enzimáticos atuais poderiam auxiliar a discriminação entre os danos produzidos pelo exercício, daqueles provocados pelas estatinasntroduction: It remains poorly understood whether the association between exercise and statin is potential condition that induces myopathy. Objective: To review the literature on the association between myopathy induced by the use of statins for lipid control scenario and physical exercise. Development: Despite the controversies, there are several hypotheses that attempt to explain the development of statin-induced myopathies. The apoptosis is the theory most often cited by the authors, although the mechanisms by which apoptosis occurs is still not fully understood. However, it is suggested that the involvement of other by-products of mevalonate than the esqualene how cholesterol, such as those involved in prenylation amending regulatory proteins such as Guanosine Triphosphate (GT Pases) of the Mitogen-activated Protein kinase (MAPK), and Ubiquinone, are related to statin-induced myopathy. Studies investigating the relationship between exercise and statin-induced myopathy are even less conclusive, with some evidence that first potentiates the deleterious effects of statins. Most of the studies investigated the acute effect of exercise with eccentric characteristics and observed an increase in creatine kinase (CK), which is one of the possible indicators of myopathy. However, eccentric exercise, by itself, also generates an increase in CK. Conclusion: There is still no consensus on the relationship between exercise and statins, and the use of markers of muscle damage that the more specific enzyme markers could help to discriminate between damage caused by the exercise of those caused by statins

    Der Einsatz von Social Media im Stadtmarketing

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    Das Internet löste eine tief greifende Medienrevolution aus, die sich durch die Entwicklungen im Social Media Bereich sowie der Nutzung des mobilen Internets nochmals verstärkt. So hat sich die Art, wie Inhalte heute erstellt, verteilt und wahrgenommen werden, stark verändert (Münker, 2009). Dementsprechend stellt sich auch die Frage, wie ein erfolgreiches Marketing zukunftsorientiert positioniert werden kann und welche Mechanismen im Internet, unterstützt durch Social Media, dafür Potentiale bieten. Sowohl von Beispielen der Marketingstrategien große Konzerne als auch im Marketing von kleinen Kommunen ist dies ablesbar. Gegenstand dieses Beitrages sind die Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie (Masser 2013), die den Einsatz von Social Media im Stadtmarketing in der Metropolregion Rhein-Neckar (MRN) untersucht hat und hier exemplarisch vorgestellt wird. Ziel ist es hierbei, die Gründe und Motivationen, warum Kommunen Social Media in ihren Marketingprozess einbeziehen zu ermitteln oder falls dies noch nicht geschehen ist, die Ursachen dafür zu identifizieren. Neben der allgemeinen Erläuterung von Zielen im Marketingprozess mit Social Media standen folgende Fragestellungen im Mittelpunkt der Studie: Ist Social Media lediglich ein Instrument um junge Menschen, welche durch klassisches kommunales Marketing nur schwierig zu erreichen sind, anzusprechen? Oder gilt es, das Image gegenüber Außenstehenden (Touristen) zu verbessern? Könnte gegebenenfalls die hohe Aktualität des Mediums ein Kriterium für den Einsatz solcher Marketingkanäle (Facebook, Google+, Twitter etc.) sein? Daneben wird die Hypothese überprüft, ob das Interesse an Social Media Marketing abhängig von der Größe der Stadt ist oder nicht. Weiterhin wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob Großstädte mehr Social Media Angebote nutzen als kleinere Kommunen

    Sempre: um estudo de suas interações aspectuais em contexto de prepérito perfeito simples e pretérito imperfeito

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    Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-graduação em LinguisticaEsta pesquisa tem como objetivo a caracterização da aspectualidade do advérbio sempre. Tendo encontrado caracterizações conflitantes na literatura aspectual sobre ele - ora classificado como advérbio perfectivo e ora como advérbio imperfectivo - , nos propomos a investigar, com base em dados escritos do português do Brasil, qual seu comportamento aspectual. Para tal, limitamos nossa análise a enunciados em que o sempre ocorre precedendo um verbo ou na forma do pretérito perfeito simples ou no pretérito imperfeito. Dessa forma, a pesquisa lida com a caracterização do comportamento aspectual do sempre, considerando como fatores relevantes para análise (i) o Aspecto inerente ao semantema verbal; (ii) as contribuições aspectuais das flexões dos Tempos verbais citados; (iii) a presença de adjuntos ou orações temporais, além do próprio sempre. Tal procedimento deve-se por acreditarmos numa análise composicional do Aspecto, em que os significados aspectuais dos enunciados são o resultado da interação dos marcadores aspectuais ali contidos. Por isso, ao longo deste trabalho, procuramos evidenciar as contribuições aspectuais do sempre na composição do Aspecto dos enunciados onde ocorre e, por meio da descrição de seu comportamento, propor uma discussão sobre as classificações a ele atribuídas na literatura aspectual

    A PRODUÇÃO DE CONHECIMENTO SOBRE FORMAÇÃO EM SERVIÇO SOCIAL: HISTORICIDADE, CONFIGURAÇÃO E CONTRIBUIÇÃO

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    RESUMO A formação em Serviço Social, no Brasil, completará no ano de 2016, oito décadas. De lá para cá, um conjunto de alterações se processaram na mesma, com destaque para as significativas mudanças que ocorreram, após a aprovação do projeto de formação vigente (ABESS, 1996), seja na geografia da mesma, com o aumento significativo de cursos na área, seja pela nova modalidade de ensino (à distância) nas Unidades de Formação de Assistentes Sociais (UFAS), bem como na consolidação da pós-graduação e da pesquisa na área. Neste sentido, o artigo se propõe a apresentar resultados de uma pesquisa que objetiva verificar como a produção de conhecimento, acerca da formação em Serviço Social, vem se configurando e contribuindo para a área neste início de século XXI. A relevância de estudos dessa natureza decorre das alterações indicadas, bem como dos desafios que se colocam na garantia da qualidade e do projeto de formação vigente

    PEGA NA MENTIRA

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    Crônica/relato pessoal produzido para ser lido com as turmas de sétimo ano em 2022. Dado o potencial literário da produção, ela está sendo submetida à seção de literatura e outras artes

    Avaliação psicológica da criança com suspeita de transtorno do espectro autista : desafios para o avaliado

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    A pesquisa científica no campo da avaliação psicológica vem crescendo nas últimas décadas. No entanto, apesar do aporte científico, a avaliação pode não ser tarefa fácil na rotina de um psicólogo, especialmente quando se tratam de casos mais graves como na suspeita de Transtorno do Espectro Autista. O desafio para o avaliador decorre das características específicas desta condição – que impactam diretamente na interação deste com a criança – como, por exemplo, a dificuldade na comunicação de forma recíproca e espontânea, a rigidez comportamental, além da ampla variabilidade sintomatológica. Estas características, somadas a outras comorbidades, levantam grandes dúvidas sobre o diagnóstico diferencial o qual, por este motivo, tende a ser multidisciplinar. A avaliação psicológica, portanto, pode representar uma grande contribuição para o processo diagnóstico destes casos. Neste contexto, apresentase o seguinte trabalho, que versa sobre o processo de avaliação psicológica de um caso de suspeita de Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Para tanto, foi utilizado o delineamento transversal de estudo de caso único, e participou deste estudo uma criança do sexo masculino, encaminhada para avaliação psicológica pelo Serviço de Psiquiatria Infantil de um hospital público de Porto Alegre. À época da realização da avaliação, o menino estava com oito anos e cinco meses de idade, cursava o 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola particular, e as queixas trazidas relacionavam-se principalmente a problemas de socialização. Diante da descrição e análise do processo, pôde-se discriminar as dificuldades que eventualmente são encontradas pelo avaliador na construção de um psicodiagnóstico de Transtorno do Espectro Autista, e as técnicas que foram utilizadas.Scientific research in the field of psychological evaluation has been growing in the last decades. However, despite scientific contribution, an evaluation may not be an easy task in a psychologist’s routine, especially when dealing with more serious cases such as in a suspected Autism Spectrum Disorder. The challenge for the evaluator stems from the specific characteristics of this condition – which directly affect the child's interaction - such as difficulty in communication In a reciprocal and spontaneous way, behavioral rigidity, and wide symptomatological variability. These characteristics, added to other comorbidities, raise great doubts about the differential diagnosis which, for this reason, tends to be multidisciplinary. Psychological evaluation, therefore, may represent a great contribution to the diagnostic process of these cases. In this context, the following assignment is presented, which deals with the process of psychological evaluation of a suspected Autism Spectrum Disorder case. Therefore, a cross-sectional study of a single case study was used, and a male child participated in this study, referred for psychological evaluation by the Child Psychiatry Service of a public hospital of Porto Alegre. At the time of the evaluation, the boy was eight years and five months old, attended the 3rd year of elementary school in a private school, and the complaints were mainly related to socialization problems. In light of the description and analysis of the evaluation process, it was possible to discriminate the difficulties that are eventually encountered by the evaluator in the construction of an Autism Spectrum Disorder psychodiagnosis, and the techniques that were used

    Increased cardiovascular disease risk in the HIV-positive population on ART: potential role of HIV-Nef and Tat

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    With effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), many HIV-infected people die of diseases other than acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In particular, coronary artery disease has emerged as one of most critical complications of HIV infection and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Although reportedly antiretroviral combination therapy itself may accelerate atherosclerosis by enhancing dyslipidemia, most recent epidemiological studies support the notion that HIV infection itself contributes to cardiovascular disease. However, it is still a mystery how the virus can contribute to cardiovascular disease development even while suppressed by ARTs. This review discusses the current understanding of interactions between HIV infection and cardiovascular diseases in both clinical and experimental studies with special focus on those viral proteins that are still produced by HIV. This will help infectious disease/vascular biology experts to gain insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of HIV-associated cardiovascular disease and new trends to treat and prevent cardiovascular disease in the HIV-infected population

    Event Identification as a Decision Process with Non-linear Representation of Text

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    We propose scale-free Identifier Network(sfIN), a novel model for event identification in documents. In general, sfIN first encodes a document into multi-scale memory stacks, then extracts special events via conducting multi-scale actions, which can be considered as a special type of sequence labelling. The design of large scale actions makes it more efficient processing a long document. The whole model is trained with both supervised learning and reinforcement learning.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

    A Single-Particle Trigger for Time-of-Flight Measurements in Prompt-Gamma Imaging

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    [EN] Tracking of single particles accelerated by synchrotrons is a subject that crosses several physics fields. The high clinical intensities used in particle therapy that can exceed 10(9)p/s make this task very challenging. The tracking of the arrival time of single particles in the ion beam is fundamental for the verification of the particle range and dose delivered to the patient. We present a prototype made of scintillating fibers which has been used to provide time-of-flight (TOF) information for three beam species currently accelerated at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT). We have demonstrated a time-tracker for a prompt-gamma spectroscopy system that allows for a background TOF rejection with a sub-nanosecond time resolution.PM was supported by a research fellowship for postdoctoral researchers from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Bonn, Germany. RD was supported by the International Max Planck Research School for Quantum Dynamics in Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Heidelberg, Germany.Martins, PM.; Dal Bello, R.; Seimetz, M.; Hermann, G.; Kihm, T.; Seco, J. (2020). A Single-Particle Trigger for Time-of-Flight Measurements in Prompt-Gamma Imaging. Frontiers in Physics. 8:1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2020.00169S1138Parodi, K., Crespo, P., Eickhoff, H., Haberer, T., Pawelke, J., Schardt, D., & Enghardt, W. (2005). Random coincidences during in-beam PET measurements at microbunched therapeutic ion beams. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 545(1-2), 446-458. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2005.02.002Crespo, P., Barthel, T., Frais-Kolbl, H., Griesmayer, E., Heidel, K., Parodi, K., … Enghardt, W. (2005). Suppression of random coincidences during in-beam PET measurements at ion beam radiotherapy facilities. 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Physics in Medicine and Biology, 61(6), 2432-2456. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/61/6/2432Verburg, J. M., & Seco, J. (2014). Proton range verification through prompt gamma-ray spectroscopy. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 59(23), 7089-7106. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/59/23/7089Hueso-González, F., Enghardt, W., Fiedler, F., Golnik, C., Janssens, G., Petzoldt, J., … Pausch, G. (2015). First test of the prompt gamma ray timing method with heterogeneous targets at a clinical proton therapy facility. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 60(16), 6247-6272. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/60/16/6247Martins, P. M., Dal Bello, R., Rinscheid, A., Roemer, K., Werner, T., Enghardt, W., … Seco, J. (2017). Prompt gamma spectroscopy for range control with CeBr3. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering, 3(2), 113-117. doi:10.1515/cdbme-2017-0023Gil, E. C., Albarrán, E. M., Minucci, E., Nüssle, G., Padolski, S., Petrov, P., … Kozhuharov, V. (2017). The beam and detector of the NA62 experiment at CERN. 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