An approach for practical use in research. An ontology of digital objects in philosophy

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Begriffsgeschichtliche Überlegungen zu "Gerechtigkeit" in Sophokles

Die beiden untersuchten Texte, Sophokles' Antigone und Gorgias von Platon, wurden in dieser Arbeit als Momentaufnahmen für verschiedene Formen, Gerechtigkeit im 5. und 4. Jahrhundert v. u. Z. zu denken, interpretiert, um so einen möglichst authentischen Eindruck von Gerechtigkeit zu jener Zeit zu erhalten. Die Methode der Begriffsgeschichte hatte vorgegeben, dass beide Texte zunächst unabhängig von einander untersucht und die Ergebnisse anschließend zusammengeführt werden sollten. In der Analyse fächerten die Quellen zunächst jeweils in sich ein breites Spektrum unterschiedlicher Auffassungen von Gerechtigkeit auf, die Verbindung beider Betrachtungen machte darüber hinaus Strukturen von Ähnlichkeit und Differenz sichtbar. Daraus ergab sich ein Schema, das die sehr unterschiedlichen Aspekte als verschiedene Eckpunkte eines Prozesses verstehbar machte, der vor dem Hintergrund des in der Einleitung gegebenen historischen Kontextes interpretiert werden konnte. In der Einführung wurde bald deutlich, dass die verschiedenen Vorstellungen von Gerechtigkeit immer auch die Themenkomplexe von Ethik und Moral, von Wahrheit und Wirklichkeit mit einschließen mussten. Mit Victor Ehrenberg ließ sich die Überlegung zu Gerechtigkeit in dem größeren Kontext des Bedeutungswandels von Themis über Dike zu Nomos verstehen. Diese erste Begriffsgeschichte des Konzepts „Gerechtigkeit“ bereitete die Analyse von Gerechtigkeit in den Quellen vor. Das Untersuchungsfeld konnte damit für den Zeitraum der Quellen auf den Begriff des „Nomos“ eingrenzt werden. Dass das besondere Spannungsverhältnis von Nomos und Physis bis in die unterschiedlichen in den Quellen vertretenen Positionen der Gerechtigkeit hineinwirken musste, zeigte sich dann später in der Quellenanalyse. ..

Assuan, Ägypten. Felsinschriften und Felsbilder der Region von Assuan. Die Arbeiten der Jahre 2017 und 2018

Rock Art and Rock Inscriptions constitute a significant component of the archaeological record in the area of the First Cataract of the Nile. Inscribed onto the natural landscape itself these epigraphic markings offer a unique chance to reconstruct the social and cultural uses of space within a complex historical setting. During the last few years the focus of the project’s work temporarily shifted from recording inscriptions in the field to working out final publications, both digital and in print. In this project phase important progress in the contextual analysis of the data could be achieved

Take it personally - A Python library for data enrichment for infometrical applications

Like every other social sphere, science is influenced by individual characteristics of researchers. However, for investigations on scientific networks, only little data about the social background of researchers, e.g. social origin, gender, affiliation etc., is available. This paper introduces ”Take it personally - TIP”, a conceptual model and library currently under development, which aims to support the semantic enrichment of publication databases with semantically related background information which resides elsewhere in the (semantic) web, such as Wikidata. The supplementary information enriches the original information in the publication databases and thus facilitates the creation of complex scientific knowledge graphs. Such enrichment helps to improve the scientometric analysis of scientific publications as they can also take social backgrounds of researchers into account and to understand social structure in research communities

ORCID for Wikidata. Data enrichment for scientometric applications

Due to its numerous bibliometric entries of scholarly articles and connected information Wikidata can serve as an open and rich source for deep scientometrical analyses. However, there are currently certain limitations: While 31.5% of all Wikidata entries represent scientific articles, only 8.9% are entries describing a person and the number of entries researcher is accordingly even lower. Another issue is the frequent absence of established relations between the scholarly article item and the author item although the author is already listed in Wikidata. To fill this gap and to improve the content of Wikidata in general, we established a workflow for matching authors and scholarly publications by integrating data from the ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) database. By this approach we were able to extend Wikidata by more than 12k author-publication relations and the method can be transferred to other enrichments based on ORCID data. This is extension is beneficial for Wikidata users performing bibliometrical analyses or using such metadata for other purposes

Analysis of Past and Present Landscapes Surrounding the Necropolis of Dahshur

The landscape evolution of the area surrounding the necropolis of Dahshur (Egypt) is analysed on the basis of geomorphological investigations and the integration of late Holocene sediment characteristics. Knowledge of the ancient landscape and palaeoenvironmental conditions allows a better understanding of spatial relationships between monuments and landscape. From altogether 41 sondages conducted mainly by archaeologists of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI), we selected eight sondages along three transects and one single sondage. Furthermore, the results of geomorphometrical analysis will be presented. The chosen sondages are characteristic of the typical landscape units of the study area: floodplain of the river Nile, limestone escarpment of the Western Desert and the desert margins east of the escarpment scarp. The geomorphology and channel geometry were also analysed. The results show that different processes influenced the relief of the study area. From the late Old Kingdom onwards, aeolian dynamics levelled the landscape mainly in the channel beds and in the desert margin east of the escarpment scarp. Human activities such asmining in the period of the Old Kingdom also shaped the relief. Depressions situated in a semicircularform around the Bent Pyramid are interpreted as quarries and give evidence of this activity

Früherkennung wissenschaftlicher Konvergenz im Hochschulmanagement

It is crucial for universities to recognize early signals of scientific convergence. Scientific convergence describes a dynamic pattern where the distance between different fields of knowledge shrinks over time. This knowledge space is beneficial to radical innovations and new promising research topics. Research in converging areas of knowledge can therefore allow universities to establish a leading position in the science community. The Q-AKTIV project develops a new approach on the basis of machine learning to identify scientific convergence at an early stage. In this work, we briefly present this approach and the first results of empirical validation. We discuss the benefits of an instrument building on our approach for the strategic management of universities and other research institutes

Mitochondrial Quality Control in Aging and Heart Failure: Influence of Ketone Bodies and Mitofusin-Stabilizing Peptides

Aim: Aging and heart failure (HF) are each characterized by increased mitochondrial damage, which may contribute to further cardiac dysfunction. Mitophagy in response to mitochondrial damage can improve cardiovascular health. HF is also characterized by increased formation and consumption of ketone bodies (KBs), which may activate mitophagy and provide an endogenous mechanism to limit the adverse effects of mitochondrial damage. However, the role of KBs in activation of mitophagy in aging and HF has not been evaluated.Methods: We assessed mitophagy by measuring mitochondrial Parkin accumulation and LC3-mediated autophagosome formation in cardiomyocytes from young (2.5 months), aged (2.5 years), and aged rabbits with HF (2.5 years) induced by aortic insufficiency and stenosis. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and redox balance were monitored using genetically encoded sensors ORP1-roGFP2 and GRX1-roGFP2, targeted to mitochondrial or cytosolic compartments, respectively.Results: Young rabbits exhibited limited mitochondrial Parkin accumulation with small (~1 μm2) puncta. Those small Parkin puncta increased four-fold in aged rabbit hearts, accompanied by elevated LC3-mediated autophagosome formation. HF hearts exhibited fewer small puncta, but many very large Parkin-rich regions (4–5 μm2) with completely depolarized mitochondria. Parkin protein expression was barely detectable in young animals and was much higher in aged and maximal in HF hearts. Expression of mitofusin 2 (MFN2) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) was reduced by almost 50% in HF, consistent with improper fusion-fission, contributing to mitochondrial Parkin build-up. The KB β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) enhanced mitophagy in young and aging myocytes, but not in HF where β-OHB further increased the number of cells with giant Parkin-rich regions. This β-OHB effect on Parkin-rich areas was prevented by cell-permeable TAT-MP1Gly peptide (thought to promote MFN2-dependent fusion). Basal levels of mitochondrial ROS were highest in HF, while cytosolic ROS was highest in aged compared to HF myocytes, suggesting that cytosolic ROS promotes Parkin recruitment to the mitochondria.Conclusion: We conclude that elevated KB levels were beneficial for mitochondrial repair in the aging heart. However, an impaired MFN2-DRP1-mediated fusion-fission process in HF reduced this benefit, as well as Parkin degradation and mitophagic signaling cascade

Mitofusin 2 is essential for IP3-mediated SR/Mitochondria metabolic feedback in ventricular myocytes

Aim: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II (Ang II) are multifunctional peptide hormones that regulate the function of the cardiovascular and renal systems. Both hormones increase the intracellular production of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP$_3$) by activating their membrane-bound receptors. We have previously demonstrated that IP$_3$-mediated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca$^{2+}$ release results in mitochondrial Ca$^{2+}$ uptake and activation of ATP production. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that intact SR/mitochondria microdomains are required for metabolic IP$_3$-mediated SR/mitochondrial feedback in ventricular myocytes. Methods: As a model for disrupted mitochondrial/SR microdomains, cardio-specific tamoxifen-inducible mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) knock out (KO) mice were used. Mitochondrial Ca$^{2+}$ uptake, membrane potential, redox state, and ATP generation were monitored in freshly isolated ventricular myocytes from Mfn2 KO mice and their control wild-type (WT) littermates. Results: Stimulation of ET-1 receptors in healthy control myocytes increases mitochondrial Ca$^{2+}$ uptake, maintains mitochondrial membrane potential and redox balance leading to the enhanced ATP generation. Mitochondrial Ca$^{2+}$ uptake upon ET-1 stimulation was significantly higher in interfibrillar (IFM) and perinuclear (PNM) mitochondria compared to subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) in WT myocytes. Mfn2 KO completely abolished mitochondrial Ca$^{2+}$ uptake in IFM and PNM mitochondria but not in SSM. However, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake induced by beta-adrenergic receptors activation with isoproterenol (ISO) was highest in SSM, intermediate in IFM, and smallest in PNM regions. Furthermore, Mfn2 KO did not affect ISO-induced mitochondrial Ca$^{2+}$ uptake in SSM and IFM mitochondria; however, enhanced mitochondrial Ca$^{2+}$ uptake in PNM. In contrast to ET-1, ISO induced a decrease in ATP levels in WT myocytes. Mfn2 KO abolished ATP generation upon ET-1 stimulation but increased ATP levels upon ISO application with highest levels observed in PNM regions. Conclusion: When the physical link between SR and mitochondria by Mfn2 was disrupted, the SR/mitochondrial metabolic feedback mechanism was impaired resulting in the inability of the IP$_3$-mediated SR Ca$^{2+}$ release to induce ATP production in ventricular myocytes from Mfn2 KO mice. Furthermore, we revealed the difference in Mfn2-mediated SR-mitochondrial communication depending on mitochondrial location and type of communication (IP$_3$R-mRyR1 vs. ryanodine receptor type 2-mitochondrial calcium uniporter)