Corresponsibility of the principle of good faith regarding the duty of information between suppliers, distributors and consumers

Del principio de la buena fe en materia del derecho del consumidor, mal puede pensarse que las únicas partes obligadas y atadas a su cumplimiento sean únicamente proveedores y distribuidores, pues en su desarrollo viene inmersa, de igual forma, con un grado propio de necesidad, la obligación de que esta sea cumplida y acatada por parte de los consumidores, quienes indiscutiblemente hacen parte esencial de la cadena de distribución, y, como si fuera poco, el cumplimiento del principio de la buena fe, por parte de todas las partes en mención, colabora a la realización del principio de la confianza legítima. Dicho principio se relaciona con el de información, en el sentido de que todas las partes están obligadas a informarse y enterarse ampliamente de las condiciones respectivas de los productos y servicios que se venden y se adquieren, respectivamente, para lograr, en su máxima medida, la efectivización del principio de la buena fe.From the principle of good faith in the field of consumer law, it can hardly be thought that the only parties bound and bound to its fulfillment are only suppliers and distributors, since in its development it is immersed in the same way, with a degree of necessity, the obligation that this is fulfilled and complied with by consumers, who are indisputably an essential part of the distribution chain and, as if that were not enough, compliance with the principle of good faith by all the parties mentioned, collaborates with the realization of the principle of legitimate trust. This principle is related to that of information, in the sense that all parties are obliged to inform themselves and learn widely about the respective conditions of the products and services that are sold and acquired, respectively, to achieve maximum effectiveness. of the principle of good faith

A Capsid-Encoded PPxY-Motif Facilitates Adenovirus Entry

Viruses use cellular machinery to enter and infect cells. In this study we address the cell entry mechanisms of nonenveloped adenoviruses (Ads). We show that protein VI, an internal capsid protein, is rapidly exposed after cell surface attachment and internalization and remains partially associated with the capsid during intracellular transport. We found that a PPxY motif within protein VI recruits Nedd4 E3 ubiquitin ligases to bind and ubiquitylate protein VI. We further show that this PPxY motif is involved in rapid, microtubule-dependent intracellular movement of protein VI. Ads with a mutated PPxY motif can efficiently escape endosomes but are defective in microtubule-dependent trafficking toward the nucleus. Likewise, depletion of Nedd4 ligases attenuates nuclear accumulation of incoming Ad particles and infection. Our data provide the first evidence that virus-encoded PPxY motifs are required during virus entry, which may be of significance for several other pathogens

The trophectoderm acts as a niche for the inner cell mass through C/EBPα-regulated IL-6 signaling

Gene regulation; Somatic cell reprogramming; TrophectodermRegulación de genes; Reprogramación de células somáticas; TrofoectodermoRegulació de gens; Reprogramació de cèl·lules somàtiques; TrofectodermaIL-6 has been shown to be required for somatic cell reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, how Il6 expression is regulated and whether it plays a role during embryo development remains unknown. Here, we describe that IL-6 is necessary for C/EBPα-enhanced reprogramming of B cells into iPSCs but not for B cell to macrophage transdifferentiation. C/EBPα overexpression activates both Il6 and Il6ra genes in B cells and in PSCs. In embryo development, Cebpa is enriched in the trophectoderm of blastocysts together with Il6, while Il6ra is mostly expressed in the inner cell mass (ICM). In addition, Il6 expression in blastocysts requires Cebpa. Blastocysts secrete IL-6 and neutralization of the cytokine delays the morula to blastocyst transition. The observed requirement of C/EBPα-regulated IL-6 signaling for pluripotency during somatic cell reprogramming thus recapitulates a physiologic mechanism in which the trophectoderm acts as niche for the ICM through the secretion of IL-6.We thank C. Berenguer for help with B cell reprogramming and bone marrow collection; S. Nakagawa and B. Pernaute for advice on pre-implantation embryo culture and manipulation, and Kyle M. Loh for his valuable discussions; the flow cytometry and microscopy units of UPF-CRG for technical assistance; the CRG genomics core facility for sequencing and Graf laboratory members for critical discussions. Work in the laboratory of T.G. was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Plan Estatal PID2019-109354GB-I00), the CRG, AGAUR (SGR 726), and a European Research Council Synergy grant (4D-Genome). M.P.-C. was supported by an FPI fellowship (BES-2016-076900). Work in the laboratory of M.S. was funded by the IRB and by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (SAF2017-82613-R), ERC (ERC-2014-AdG/669622), la Caixa Foundation, and Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Empresa i Coneixement of Catalonia (Grup de Recerca consolidat 2017 SGR 282)

mRNA spindle localization and mitotic translational regulation by CPEB1 and CPEB4

Transition through cell cycle phases requires temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression to ensure accurate chromosome duplication and segregation. This regulation involves dynamic reprogramming of gene expression at multiple transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. In transcriptionally silent oocytes, the CPEB-family of RNA-binding proteins coordinates temporal and spatial translation regulation of stored maternal mRNAs to drive meiotic progression. CPEB1 mediates mRNA localization to the meiotic spindle, which is required to ensure proper chromosome segregation. Temporal translational regulation also takes place in mitosis, where a large repertoire of transcripts is activated or repressed in specific cell cycle phases. However, whether control of localized translation at the spindle is required for mitosis is unclear, as mitotic and acentriolar-meiotic spindles are functionally and structurally different. Furthermore, the large differences in scale-ratio between cell volume and spindle size in oocytes compared to somatic mitotic cells may generate distinct requirements for gene expression compartmentalization in meiosis and mitosis. Here we show that mitotic spindles contain CPE-localized mRNAs and translating ribosomes. Moreover, CPEB1 and CPEB4 localize in the spindles and they may function sequentially in promoting mitotic stage transitions and correct chromosome segregation. Thus, CPEB1 and CPEB4 bind to specific spindle-associated transcripts controlling the expression and/or localization of their encoded factors that, respectively, drive metaphase and anaphase/cytokinesis.Fil: Pascual, Rosa. Barcelona Institute Of Science And Technology.; EspañaFil: Segura Morales, Carolina. Barcelona Institute Of Science And Technology.; EspañaFil: Omerzu, Manja. University of Utrecht; Países BajosFil: Bellora, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales; ArgentinaFil: Belloc, Eulàlia. Barcelona Institute Of Science And Technology.; EspañaFil: Castellazzi, Chiara Lara. Barcelona Institute Of Science And Technology.; EspañaFil: Reina, Oscar. Barcelona Institute Of Science And Technology.; EspañaFil: Eyras, Eduardo. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; España. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats; EspañaFil: Maurice, Madelon M.. University of Utrecht; Países BajosFil: Millanes Romero, Alba. Barcelona Institute Of Science And Technology.; EspañaFil: Méndez, Raúl. Barcelona Institute Of Science And Technology.; Españ

The trophectoderm acts as a niche for the inner cell mass through C/EBPα-regulated IL-6 signaling

IL-6 has been shown to be required for somatic cell reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, how Il6 expression is regulated and whether it plays a role during embryo development remains unknown. Here, we describe that IL-6 is necessary for C/EBPα-enhanced reprogramming of B cells into iPSCs but not for B cell to macrophage transdifferentiation. C/EBPα overexpression activates both Il6 and Il6ra genes in B cells and in PSCs. In embryo development, Cebpa is enriched in the trophectoderm of blastocysts together with Il6, while Il6ra is mostly expressed in the inner cell mass (ICM). In addition, Il6 expression in blastocysts requires Cebpa. Blastocysts secrete IL-6 and neutralization of the cytokine delays the morula to blastocyst transition. The observed requirement of C/EBPα-regulated IL-6 signaling for pluripotency during somatic cell reprogramming thus recapitulates a physiologic mechanism in which the trophectoderm acts as niche for the ICM through the secretion of IL-6.Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Generations No.6: Towards a global university

Apreciados graduados UNAB. En esta edición de “Generaciones” les presentamos los aspectos más relevantes del Plan de Desarrollo 2013-2018 que tiene como base los principios y valores institucionales que han marcado nuestro rumbo durante estas seis décadas de trabajo ininterrumpido por la región y el país. Dicho Plan se logró gracias a la realización de un trabajo conjunto y minucioso por parte de todos los integrantes de las dependencias de la UNAB. Es así como el rumbo que seguiremos en los próximos seis años está marcado por la noción clara de cómo será nuestro crecimiento en número de estudiantes y en la ampliación de nuestra oferta académica, entre otros factores.Editorial; Por Alberto Montoya Puyana…3 Saludo; Por Marcela Peralta Bautista…4 La voz del graduado…6 Institucional Plan de desarrollo 2013-2018; Por Carolina Toscano Vargas…7 Ruta del Empleo 2013; Por Luz Yaqueline Hernández Castañeda…10 El graduado UNAB, un profesional integral y competitivo; Por Adolfo Segura Moya…12 Planeta Joven 2013; Por Marcela Peralta Bautista…14 La literatura enredada; Por Santiago Gómez Mejía…20 Embarazo adolescente problema de salud pública; Por Bernardo Useche Aldana…22 Educación siglo XXI; Por Iliana Restrepo Hernández…24 ¿Usar las TIC o dejarse usar por ellas?; Por Julio Eduardo Mejía Gómez…26 Colombia tiene un estado laico; Por Alejandro Alvarado Bedoya…28 Mecatrónica: el rombo de la ingeniería actual; Por Omar Lengerke Pérez…30 Ocho años en la ‘Onda’ de la investigación; Por César Aurelio Rojas Carvajal…32 Emprendimiento Perseverancia, la clave del éxito; Por Redacción Generaciones UNAB…34 Graduados destacados; Por Redacción Generaciones UNAB…36 Generaciones en cifras…42 Conociendo el CPA; Por Luis Fernando Rueda Vivas…43Dear UNAB graduates. In this edition of "Generations" we present the most relevant aspects of the 2013-2018 Development Plan, which is based on the principles and institutional values ​​that have set our course during these six decades of uninterrupted work in the region and the country. Said Plan was achieved thanks to the accomplishment of a joint and meticulous work on the part of all the members of the dependencies of the UNAB. This is how the course that we will follow in the next six years is marked by a clear notion of how our growth in number of students will be and in the expansion of our academic offer, among other factors

Axicabtagene ciloleucel compared to tisagenlecleucel for the treatment of aggressive B-cell lymphoma

Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) are CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells approved for relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). We performed a retrospective study to evaluate safety and efficacy of axi-cel and tisa-cel outside the setting of a clinical trial. Data from consecutive patients with R/R LBCL who underwent apheresis for axi-cel or tisa-cel were retrospectively collected from 12 Spanish centers. A total of 307 patients underwent apheresis for axi-cel (n=152) and tisa-cel (n=155) from November 2018 to August 2021, of which 261 (85%) received a CAR T infusion (88% and 82%, respectively). Median time from apheresis to infusion was 41 days for axi-cel and 52 days for tisa-cel (P =0.006). None of the baseline characteristics were significantly different between both cohorts. Both cytokine release syndrome and neurologic events (NE) were more frequent in the axi-cel group (88% vs. 73%, P =0.003, and 42% vs. 16%, P <0.001, respectively). Infections in the first 6 months post-infusion were also more common in patients treated with axi-cel (38% vs. 25%, P =0.033). Non-relapse mortality was not significantly different between the axi-cel and tisa-cel groups (7% and 4%, respectively, P =0.298). With a median follow-up of 9.2 months, median PFS and OS were 5.9 and 3 months, and 13.9 and 11.2 months for axi-cel and tisa-cel, respectively. The 12-month PFS and OS for axi-cel and tisa-cel were 41% and 33% (P =0.195), 51% and 47% (P =0.191), respectively. Factors associated with lower OS in the multivariate analysis were increased lactate dehydrogenase, ECOG ≥2 and progressive disease before lympho-depletion. Safety and efficacy results in our real-world experience were comparable with those reported in the pivotal trials. Patients treated with axi-cel experienced more toxicity but similar non-relapse mortality compared with those receiving tisa-cel. Efficacy was not significantly different between both products

Apoyo psicosocial a afectada(o)s por terremoto del 5 de setiembre de 2012

Ponencia--Universidad de Costa Rica, Vicerrectoría de Acción Social, Extensión Docente. 2013. Para mayor información puede escribir a [email protected] Brigada de Intervención Psicosocial de la Universidad de Costa Rica, acompañada por la Red Sismológica Nacional (RSN: ICE-UCR), el Preventec y estudiantes de la Maestría en Gestión de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias, visitó varias comunidades del cantón de Santa Cruz de Guanacaste y del distrito de Cóbano de la provincia de Puntarenas. Las intervenciones incluyeron charlas técnicas sobre terremotos y tsunamis, planes de emergencia y atención a personas afectadas por el terremoto del 5 de setiembre. Se encontraron grandes temores en la población entre los que destacan el miedo a: un sismo futuro, a un tsunami, a las réplicas, a un desprendimiento de la península de Nicoya, a intoxicación masiva por gases y al surgimiento de un volcán submarino.Universidad de Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Sociales::Escuela de Psicologí

Miradas y voces de la Investigación Educativa II : Curriculum y Diversidad. Innovación educativa con miras a la justicia social. Aportes desde la investigación educativa

Fil: Ferreyra, Horacio Ademar. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; ArgentinaFil: Sañudo Guerra, Lya. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; ArgentinaFil: Civarolo, María Mercedes.Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Moreno, Elena Silvia. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; Argentin

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group