22 research outputs found

    Pr贸tesis total de rodilla en paciente diagnosticada de artropat铆a ocron贸tica

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    La ocronosis es una enfermedad gen茅tica rara del metabolismo de la fenilamina y de la tirosina en la que se produce una acumulaci贸n de 谩cido homogent铆sico. La acumulaci贸n de este provoca alcaptonuria y dep贸sito en el tejido conectivo, provocando una coloraci贸n oscura del mismo. En las articulaciones puede provocar una artropat铆a temprana muy invalidante, conocida como artropat铆a ocron贸tica. Presentamos el caso de una paciente diagnosticada de ocronosis y artropat铆a ocron贸tica de la rodilla izquierda en la que describimos el proceso intraoperatorio con las caracter铆sticas anatomopatol贸gicas macrosc贸picas y microsc贸picas encontradas. La paciente presenta muy buena evoluci贸n tras la implantaci贸n de una pr贸tesis total de rodilla tipo PS, siendo capaz de seguir el mismo protocolo de rehabilitaci贸n utilizado en pacientes sometidos a pr贸tesis total de rodilla sin artropat铆a ocron贸tica. La paciente muestra mejor铆a de las distintas escalas funcionales, as铆 como desaparici贸n del dolor

    Cartilage Appearance Using an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope.

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    Because of technical principles, samples to be observed with electron microscopy need to be fixed in a chemical process and exposed to vacuum conditions that can produce some changes in the morphology of the specimen. The aim of this work was to obtain high-resolution images of the fresh articular cartilage surface with an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), which is an instrument that permits examination of biological specimens without fixation methods in a 10 Torr chamber pressure, thus minimizing the risk of creating artifacts in the structure. Samples from weight-bearing areas of femoral condyles of New Zealand white rabbits were collected and photographed using an ESEM. Images were analyzed using a categorization based in the Jurvelin classification system modified by Hong and Henderson. Appearance of the observed elevations and depressions as described in the classification were observed, but no fractures or splits of cartilage surface, thought to be artifacts, were detected. The ESEM is a useful tool to obtain images of fresh articular cartilage surface appearance without either employing fixation methods or exposing the specimen to extreme vacuum conditions, reducing the risk of introducing artifacts within the specimen. For all these reasons it could become a useful tool for quality control of the preservation process of osteochondral allografting in a bank of musculoskeletal tissues

    Artroplastia total de rodilla: experiencia de una unidad monogr谩fica

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    Introducci贸n: Se presenta la experiencia de la Unidad de Pr贸tesis de Rodilla (UPR) del Hospital Cl铆nico de Barcelona. Pacientes y m茅todo: Estudio de casos. La poblaci贸n del estudio fueron los pacientes intervenidos durante los meses de mayo y junio, de los a帽os 2004 y 2010. Las variables consideradas fueron: edad, sexo, permanencia promedio, dolor al alta, flexi贸n al alta, deambulaci贸n al alta, comorbilidades y complicaciones durante el ingreso. Se compararon los resultados de ambos per铆odos. Resultado: En la comparaci贸n de los a帽os 2004 y 2010 se observ贸, en el 煤ltimo per铆odo citado, un aumento de los recambios de pr贸tesis. La permanencia promedia se mantuvo en alrededor de 7 d铆as. La media de edad de los pacientes se mantuvo por encima de los 70 a帽os. Hubo un mejor control del dolor, de la flexi贸n y de la deambulaci贸n al alta. El de n煤mero de complicaciones se redujo y hubo un aumento de las personas con obesidad. Conclusiones: En los pr贸ximos a帽os habr谩 una evoluci贸n hacia intervenciones m谩s complejas por recambio de pr贸tesis. Los indicadores de calidad para evaluar el 茅xito del tratamiento continuar谩n siendo muy parecidos. Habr谩 una tendencia a la disminuci贸n del tiempo de ingreso debido a cambios en la t茅cnica quir煤rgica. Se deber谩 continuar trabajando para disminuir complicaciones relacionadas con la herida quir煤rgica y las infecciones. La obesidad ser谩 la comorbilidad m谩s present

    Recursos de osteos铆ntesis en f茅mur por贸tico.

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    Objetivos. Exponer dos t茅cnicas quir煤rgicas de refuerzo de una osteos铆ntesis convencional en situaciones especiales de debilidad 贸sea del f茅mur, como son las fracturas periprot茅sicas, las fracturas patol贸gicas y los fracasos de osteos铆ntesis previas en pacientes de edad avanzada. La debilidad del hueso puede llegar a dificultar la realizaci贸n de osteos铆ntesis estables en fracturas de f茅mur porque impide el correcto anclaje del material, ya sean agujas, cerclajes o especialmente tornillos. Material y m茅todo. Se evaluaron 13 pacientes (media de edad de 78,3 a帽os), 9 de los cuales sufrieron fracturas periprot茅sicas de f茅mur, dos fracasos de osteos铆ntesis previas, un caso de pseudoartrosis tras una fractura periprot茅sica y una fractura diafisaria en un f茅mur muy osteopor贸tico, en los cuales se han utilizado dos t茅cnicas de refuerzo del hueso: el cementado endomedular y el implante de contraplacas atornilladas de aloinjerto 贸seo congelado. Resultados. Se realiz贸 un seguimiento de estos pacientes en un per铆odo que oscila entre 12 y 72 meses (media de 26,2 meses). En un caso se produjo una pseudoartrosis de la fractura por ocupaci贸n accidental del foco de fractura por el cemento acr铆lico. En los 12 casos restantes se consigui贸 la consolidaci贸n. Conclusiones. El cementado endomedular y la utilizaci贸n de contraplacas atornilladas de aloinjerto 贸seo son dos recursos t茅cnicos 煤tiles en situaciones especiales en las que es necesario realizar una osteos铆ntesis estable sobre un hueso muy d茅bil

    Therapeutic education and functional readaptation in obese patients on a waiting list for total knee replacement. A case-control study

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    Background Studies show patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) on waiting list for total knee replacement (TKR) underused conservative treatment, did not adhere to clinical guidelines on knee OA management, and potentially had earlier surgery and a higher risk of revisions. Therapeutic education and functional readaptation (TEFR) plus conventional therapy in waiting list patients improved function and adherence. TKR patients are often obese, negatively influencing TKR results, many patients are dissatisfied after TKR, and around 14% of TKR are inappropriate..

    Clinical results before and after implementation of a Fast - Track protocol for 507 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty surgery: A retrospective, observational study.

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    Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common surgical procedure for patients with advanced osteoarthritis. !is study aimed to assess the e'ects of using versus not using a fast-track protocol, including a new mobilization device called Flexet. Methods: !is is a retrospective comparative study. Two groups were formed with a total of 507 TKA patients. 283 were treated in 2010 with a standard program (S group) and 224 with a fast-track protocol (FT group) in 2016. !e variables studied were active knee #exion and extension, length of stay, and time to autonomous gait. Results: Study groups were comparable. !e mean time from surgery to autonomous gait was shorter for the FT group (4.43 hours, SD = 2.11) than for the S group (59.95 hours, SD = 16.59) (p < 0.001). Mean stay for the FT group was 2.36 nights (SD = 1.81) and 6.20 nights (SD = 1.52) for the S group (p < 0.001). Mean active #exion at hospital discharge was 89.33潞 (SD = 7.45) in the FT group versus 84.10潞 (SD = 9.01) in the S group. !e mean active extension was: -5.37潞 (SD = 2.49) in the FT group versus -8.60潞 (SD = 3.98) in the S group, (p<0.001). Conclusion: Patients in the FT group showed more signi$cant improvements (i.e., shorter length of stay, shorter time to autonomous gait, and larger active ROM in #exion and extension). However, the exact role of the Flexet device is still to be determined. Keywords: Total Knee Arthroplasty, Fast-Track, Rapid-Recovery, ROM, early mobilization, active physiotherapy

    Knee osteoarthritis and periarticular structure quantified by ultrasound. A case-control study

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    Background Assessment of pain and physical function is complex in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), as standard criteria are lacking.A previous study examining correlations between functional capacity and pain (WOMAC) and anthropometric characteristics and periarticular knee structure (quantified by ultrasound imaging) in females with knee OA found increased quadriceps muscle density was associated with higher functional disability and pain scores, suggesting that not only joint wear and symptom severity are involved and more objective measures are necessary..

    Total knee replacement from the patient's perspective. A qualitative study

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    Total knee replacement (TKR) is effective in relieving pain and improving function in patients with severe osteoarthritis (OA) However, studies report that 14-30% of patients are dissatisfied with the result and do not achieve the expected benefits, especially in function. Objectives: To examine the factors influencing decision-making before TKR. Methods: We made a phenomenological study of the determinants that lead patients to accept, delay or reject TKR (this study is part of a larger study). Demographic and clinical data were collected and pain intensity measured by the WOMAC scale. Focus groups were conducted and the results transcribed and analysed using the 4-stage analysis of qualitative data according to Ritchie, Spencer and O'Connor (2003). Results: 12 patients (9 female, mean age 71.58 + 6.02 years, BMI 37.43 + 5.32, mean comorbidities 6.73 + 2.19 and mean WOMAC pain 14.9 + 8.89, function 15.77 + 8.6, total 15. 71 + 8. 22) were included: 6 had received, 4 were waiting for and 2 had rejected TKR. Focus groups identified widespread pain (pain intensity functional limitations), causal beliefs and perceptions (OA a natural process associated with age, obesity, physical work, sport) mood (importance of optimism), professional-user relationship (communication, experience of OA) expectations (need for surgery conditioned by pain, lost function, surgical risks), and social support (promotion of healthy habits and adherence conditioned by family and social support) as factors influencing attitudes to undergoing TKR. Conclusions: The process of deciding to undergo TKR is complex and influenced by multiple factors. TKR improves a small proportion of an aging painful body. Our results suggest the need of care before and after TKR, psychosocial support and preventive and educational programmes. References: Ritchie J, Spencer L, O'Connor W. Carrying out qualitative analysis. In Ritchie J. and Lewis J. (eds.) guide for social science students and researchers Oaks; New Delhi. Qualitative research practice: A. Sage: London; Thousand; 2003 Disclosure of Interest: None declare

    An脿lisi dels factors d'optimitzaci贸 dels resultats d'un Banc d'Ossos Regional

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    [cat] Un Banc d'Ossos 茅s la organitzaci贸 encarregada de la selecci贸 de donants, obtenci贸n, processament, emmagatzemament i distribuci贸 d'al.loempelts d'aparell locomotor per a la seva posterior utilitzaci贸 m猫dica. El principi b脿sic 茅s obtenir teixit segur i efica莽 per als pacients. Un al.loempelt 茅s aquell empelt realitzat entre individus de la mateixa esp猫cie. per貌 amb genotip diferent. La difusi贸 dels al.loempelts ossis es va iniciar amb Inclan (1942), qui public脿 la primera gran s猫rie utilitzant ossos conservats per a un per铆ode de fins dos mesos. A Fran莽a, Andr猫 Sicard estableix al 1946 una "reserva d'empelts" a l'Hospital de Beaujon. El centre m茅s important d'utilitzaci贸 dels al.loempelts, per貌, ha estat als Estats Units de l'Am猫rica del Nord. Mankin inicia l'any 1971, a l'Hospital General de Massachussets, una llarga s猫rie de resseccions tumorals amb substituci贸 per empelts massius obtinguts de cad脿vers i congelats a -80潞. Tamb茅 als Estats Units, Malinin (1976), a la Universitat de Miami, inicia una llarga s猫rie de m茅s de 900 al.loempelts massius, obtinguts de cad脿vers i conservats en nitr貌gen l铆quid, a -150掳. A fi d'unificar criteris i crear unes normes, el Consell Musculoesquel猫tic de la Societat Americana de Bancs de Teixits (AATB) publica la primera guia el 1979 per als bancs de teixits musculoesquel猫tics. Als Estats Units hi ha actualment 220.000 receptors anuals d'al.loempelts ossis o de parts toves, que prov茅nen de 5000 donants/any. A Europa, de manera semblant a l'AATB dels Estats Units apareixen la Societat Europea de Bancs de Teixits (EATB) l'any 1991 i la Societat Europea de Transplantament Musculo-esquel猫tic (EAMST) l'any 1992. L'any 1951 es crea el primer banc d'ossos d'Espanya a l'Hospital Provincial de Madrid (Sanchis Olmos, 1953). Poc despr茅s, l'any 1953, es constitueix per Ordre Ministerial el Banco Nacional de Huesos (Gonz谩lez S谩nchez 1956). Els primers Bancs d'ossos que segueixen la metodologia establerta per l' AATB i els grans bancs americans sorgeixen en la d猫cada dels vuitanta. L'any 1992 L'Organizaci贸n Nacional de Trasplantes (ONT) publica unes recananacions per unificar els criteris de funcionament dels bancs d'ossos a Espanya. Per a la realitzaci贸 d鈥檃questa tesi doctoral s'han valorat els 53 donants multiorganics generats per l'Hospital Cl铆nic de Barcelona i per altres centres coordinats amb aquest, des del desembre de 1987 fins al desembre de 1992, dels quals s'ha practicat l'extracci贸 de teixit esquel猫tic. El nombre total d'ossos obtinguts ha estat 270, i el d' al.loempelts 475. Els par脿metres estudiats han estat els seg眉ents: edat i sexe del donant, causa de mort, hospital d鈥檈xtracci贸, equips extractors d'altres 貌rgans i teixits previs, nombre de membres de l'equip extractor de teixit esquel猫tic, tipus d鈥檕s, cultiu de l鈥檕s a l'extracci贸, fragmentaci贸, tipus de fragment, cultiu del fragment, temps d'emmagatzemament, centre d'implantaci贸, diagn貌stic del receptor, cultiu del al.loempelt i del llit receptor, i resultat cl铆nic i radiol貌gic de l' empelt. L鈥檕bjectiu general d鈥檃questa tesi 茅s optimitzar el funcionament, el rendiment i els resultats d'un Banc d鈥橭ssos que anomenem "Regional", 茅s a dir, que obt茅 els al.loempelts esquel猫tics de donants multiorg脿nics i tissulars, en contraposici贸 als Bancs d鈥橭ssos quir煤rgics, que es nodreixen b脿sicament de caps de f猫mur. Per obtenir aquest objectiu general hem establert els seg眉ents objectius particulars: (1) Avaluaci贸 dels factors que poden ser significatius en el resultat dels cultius realitzats en els ossos despr茅s de la seva obtenci贸: I鈥檋ospital d'extracci贸, les extraccions pr猫vies d'貌rgans I eixits, el nombre d'equips extractors previs, el nombre de membres de l'equip extractor de teixit esquel猫tic, la causa de mort, l'edat i el sexe del donant, i el tipus d'os obtingut. (2) Valoraci贸 de les possibles causes de contaminaci贸 dels al.loempelts obtinguts despr茅s de la fragmentaci贸 dels ossos, analitzant l鈥檕s d'origen i el tipus de fragment. (3) An脿lisi de la distribuci贸 geogr脿fica dels centres en els quals s'implanten els empelts generats pel Banc d'Ossos de l'Hospital Cl铆nic, i el nivell d'utilitzaci贸 dels diversos tipus de fragments. (4) Examen dels diferents par脿metres que poden determinar el comportament dels al.loempelts: edat i sexe del donant, tipus d'os d'origen, tipus de fragment, temps d'emmagatzemament, cultiu de l'al.loempelt, cultiu del llit receptor, i tipus d'intervenci贸. Les conclusions s贸n: (1) Els factors que s'han mostrat determinants en la contaminaci贸 dels ossos obtinguts de donants multiorg脿nics s贸n: l'hospital d鈥檈xtracci贸 (menys mltius positius en els ossos obtinguts a l'hospital on est脿 ubicat el Banc amb relaci贸 als explantats en un altre centre), i el nombre de membres de l'equip extractor d鈥檃parell locomotor (m茅s contaminaci贸 quan hi ha 4 o m茅s membres). (2) Les extraccions pr猫vies dels diferents 貌rgans i teixits, el nombre d'equips extractors previs a l'obtenci贸 del teixit esquel猫tic, la causa de mort, l'edat i el sexe del donant, i el tipus d鈥檕s, no han presentat difer猫ncies significatives en la contaminaci贸 dels ossos obtinguts de donants multiorg脿nics. (3) Justifiquem la fragmentaci贸 dels ossos obtinguts, realitzada en condicions adequades, pel baix percentatge de contaminaci贸 dels segments, amb relaci贸 al benefici que aporta, ja que permet que m茅s receptors puguin gaudir dels avantatges dels al.loempelts. (4) L'evoluci贸 croncl貌gica ha estat un factor determinant en la diferent distribuci贸 geogr脿fica de la utilitzaci贸 dels al.loempelts generats pel Banc d'Ossos de l'Hospital Cl铆nic, i s'ha convertit en la pr貌pia d'un Banc regional. (5) El tipus d'al.loempelt m茅s sol.licitat i utilitzat 茅s el fragment esponj贸s. (6) El temps d' emnagatzernament, amb un m猫tode de conservaci贸 i d'embalatge idonis, no 茅s un factor determinant en la contaminaci贸 dels al.loempelts, i quant m茅s prolongat 茅s, menors s贸n les complicacions dels implants. (7) El millor resultat de les osteotomies metafis脿ries d鈥榓ddici贸 per un costat i l'augment de les complicacions en les fractures obertes i les artrodesis lumbars per l鈥檃ltra, indiquen que la qualitat del llit receptor i les condiciones biomec脿niques s贸n altres determinants en el comportament dels al.loempelts. (8) L'edat i el sexe del donant (amb una adequada selecci贸), el tipus d'os i de fragment (amb una correcta indicaci贸), els cultius de l'al.loempelt i del receptor, i la resta d鈥檌ndicacions analitzades no s贸n determinants en l'aparici贸 de complicacions del comportament dels al.loempelts.[eng] The general term for the activities of donor screening, retrieval, processing, storage and distribution of bone allografts is 鈥淏one Banking". The Hospital Cl铆nic of Barcelona Bone Bank was instituted in 1987. From December 1987 to December 1992 a total of 475 bone allografts were obtained of 270 bones; they belonged to 53 donors, all of them multi-organic or tissular donors. The grafts were obtained under strictly aseptic conditions and bacteriological cultures were performed of each bone. The grafts were packed in two sterile plastic bags and then stored by freezing in electrical freezers (-40掳C / -80掳C). The parameters studied have been: age and sex of the donor, cause of death, hospital of extraction, number of persons of the bone procurement team, previous organ procurements from the same donor, type of bone, culture of the bone, fragmentation, type of fragment, culture of the fragment, time of storage, hospital of implantation, diagnostic of the recipient, culture of the allograft, culture of the recipient bed, and clinical and radiographic results of the allograft. The aim of this thesis is to optimize the results of a Regional Bone Bank. The conclusions are: (1) Number of contaminated bones has been significantly higher in extractions outside of the main hospital, and in the procurements with more than 4 team members. (2) The age and sex of the donor, the cause of death, the number of previous organ procurements from the same donor and the type of bone weren't determinative factors contributing to bacterial contamination of the bones. (3) We justify fragmentation of the obtained bones. (4) The chronological evolution has been a determinative factor of the different distribution of the allogratts of the Hospital Cl铆nic Bone Bank. (5) Cancellous allograft is the type of fragment more implant. (6) Lang time of storage is a determinative factor to decrease de number of complications of the allografts. (7) Addition osteotomies have shown the best results of the bone allografts, and exposed fractures and lumbar arthrodeses the worst. (8) Age and sex of the donor, type of fragment, cultures of the allograft and the recipient bed aren鈥檛 determinative factors in the clinical and radiographic results of the bone allografts

    Cartilage Appearance Using an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope.

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    Because of technical principles, samples to be observed with electron microscopy need to be fixed in a chemical process and exposed to vacuum conditions that can produce some changes in the morphology of the specimen. The aim of this work was to obtain high-resolution images of the fresh articular cartilage surface with an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), which is an instrument that permits examination of biological specimens without fixation methods in a 10 Torr chamber pressure, thus minimizing the risk of creating artifacts in the structure. Samples from weight-bearing areas of femoral condyles of New Zealand white rabbits were collected and photographed using an ESEM. Images were analyzed using a categorization based in the Jurvelin classification system modified by Hong and Henderson. Appearance of the observed elevations and depressions as described in the classification were observed, but no fractures or splits of cartilage surface, thought to be artifacts, were detected. The ESEM is a useful tool to obtain images of fresh articular cartilage surface appearance without either employing fixation methods or exposing the specimen to extreme vacuum conditions, reducing the risk of introducing artifacts within the specimen. For all these reasons it could become a useful tool for quality control of the preservation process of osteochondral allografting in a bank of musculoskeletal tissues
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