Use Of Antagonistic Bacteria From Spent Mushroom Compost For Controlling Damping-off Cause By Fusarium Solani In Tomato

The objective of this study was to test antagonistic bacteria for their ability to control Fusarium solani damping-off disease of tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum L.). Antagonistic bacteria were isolated from spent mushroom compost (SMC) of Pleurotus spp. for the pathogenic fungi, Fusarium solani. Thirteen species were tested for the ability to inhibit Fusarium solani by dual culture on PDA plates. Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis showed high inhibition of mycelium of Fusarium solani obtained 53.33% until 35 days and then were selected to be further tested in green house conditions. Spore suspension of Fusarium solani (108 spore/ml) were mixed with soil while tomato seeds were soaked in a cell suspension of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis (109 cfu/ml) for 30 min before planting. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The percentages of seed germination and incidence of damping-off compared across 4 treatments; Fusarium solani + Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis, Fusarium solani + carbendazim (fungicide), Fusarium solani (disease control) and healthy plant control. The results showed that efficacy was not significantly different. Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis effectively controlled the damping-off on tomato by obtained 75% of germination. Whereas, use of Fusarium solani + carbendazim and healthy plant control were obtained 90% and 95%, respectively

Effects of palm oil sludge as a supplement on Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. cultivation

The objective of this study was to determine the optimum rate of palm oil sludge for Ganoderma mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst) cultivation. Different concentrations of palm oil sludge (5-20% by dry weight) were mixed with rubber sawdust and used to grow the Ganoderma mushroom in plastic bags. Growth rate of the mycelia, number of basidiocarp, cap diameter, thickness of pileus and yield were compared with the control (not supplemented) and with 5% rice bran (standard formula). The results showed that use of 5% palm oil sludge was optimal for Ganoderma cultivation. Yield when grown on 850 g/ bag of rubber sawdust with 5% palm oil sludge, 2% Ca( OH) 2 and 0. 2% Mg( SO4) was 74. 82 g/ bag (B.E.=22.01%), which does not differ significantly from that with 5% rice bran in the sawdust (66.31 g/bag, B.E.=19.50%)

Recording novel mushrooms in Heet district, Iraq

Objective of this study is the identification of a rare mushroom genus, Marasmius sp. (edible), for the first time in Iraq. Others, Clitocybe sp. (avoid), for the first time in the studying area, and Agaricus spp. (edible), were also recorded in Heet city. All genera were collected from different locations (three gardens) in the center of Heet district during January 2014. This work added new data to the biodiversity of macrofungi in Iraq, especially in the arid area on sides of Euphrates River

เชื้อราย่อยสลายไม้และใบยางพารา

Thesis (Ph.D., Tropical Agricultural Research Management)--Prince of Songkla University, 201

Effects of palm oil sludge in concentrate on nutrient utilization and rumen ecology of thai native cattle fed with hay

This experiment aimed to study the effects of palm oil sludge (POS) in concentrate on nutrient utilization and rumenecology of Thai native cattle. Five ruminally fistulated Thai native bulls with average live weight of 361.80±15.74 kg werearranged according to 5x5 Latin square design. The cattle were fed with Plicatulum hay ad libitum and supplemented withconcentrate containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% POS at 1.5 %BW. A metabolism trial lasted for 22 days, with the first 16 daysan adaptation period and the last 6 days the sample collection period. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) amongtreatments regarding hay and concentrate intake. Digestibility coefficient of DM, OM and ADF of all treatments were notsignificantly different (p>0.05) while CP digestibility coefficient was significantly lower (P0.05) whereas ruminal NH3-N concentration of cattle fed 0 and 20% POS were higher (p0.05) while the proportion of C4 of cattle fed 0% POS was higher (p0.05) while, BUN concentrationof cattle fed 40% POS was significantly lower (p<0.01) than those of cattle fed 0, 10, 20 and 30% POS. These results indicatethat the optimum level of POS in concentrate for Thai native cattle fed Plicalum hay as a roughage source should not exceed30%