9 research outputs found
Duality violations and spectral sum rules
We study the issue of duality violations in the VV-AA vacuum polarization
function in the chiral limit. This is done with the help of a model with an
expansion in inverse powers of the number of colors, Nc, allowing us to
consider resonances with a finite width. Due to these duality violations, the
Operator Product Expansion (OPE) and the moments of the spectral function (e.g.
the Weinberg sum rules) do not match at finite momentum, and we analyze this
difference in detail. We also perform a comparative study of many of the
different methods proposed in the literature for the extraction of the OPE
parameters and find that, when applied to our model, they all fare quite
similarly. In fact, the model strongly suggests that a significant improvement
in precision can only be expected after duality violations are included. To
this end, we propose a method to parameterize these duality violations. The
method works quite well for the model, and we hope that it may also be useful
in future determinations of OPE parameters in QCD.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures, LateX file. Small changes to match journal
versio
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Epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: the EUROBACT-2 international cohort study
Purpose
In the critically ill, hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) are associated with significant mortality. Granular data are required for optimizing management, and developing guidelines and clinical trials.
Methods
We carried out a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) with HA-BSI treated in intensive care units (ICUs) between June 2019 and February 2021.
Results
2600 patients from 333 ICUs in 52 countries were included. 78% HA-BSI were ICU-acquired. Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 8 [IQR 5; 11] at HA-BSI diagnosis. Most frequent sources of infection included pneumonia (26.7%) and intravascular catheters (26.4%). Most frequent pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria (59.0%), predominantly Klebsiella spp. (27.9%), Acinetobacter spp. (20.3%), Escherichia coli (15.8%), and Pseudomonas spp. (14.3%). Carbapenem resistance was present in 37.8%, 84.6%, 7.4%, and 33.2%, respectively. Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) was present in 23.5% and pan-drug resistance in 1.5%. Antimicrobial therapy was deemed adequate within 24 h for 51.5%. Antimicrobial resistance was associated with longer delays to adequate antimicrobial therapy. Source control was needed in 52.5% but not achieved in 18.2%. Mortality was 37.1%, and only 16.1% had been discharged alive from hospital by day-28.
Conclusions
HA-BSI was frequently caused by Gram-negative, carbapenem-resistant and DTR pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance led to delays in adequate antimicrobial therapy. Mortality was high, and at day-28 only a minority of the patients were discharged alive from the hospital. Prevention of antimicrobial resistance and focusing on adequate antimicrobial therapy and source control are important to optimize patient management and outcomes