2,449 research outputs found
Holevo's bound from a general quantum fluctuation theorem
We give a novel derivation of Holevo's bound using an important result from
nonequilibrium statistical physics, the fluctuation theorem. To do so we
develop a general formalism of quantum fluctuation theorems for two-time
measurements, which explicitly accounts for the back action of quantum
measurements as well as possibly non-unitary time evolution. For a specific
choice of observables this fluctuation theorem yields a measurement-dependent
correction to the Holevo bound, leading to a tighter inequality. We conclude by
analyzing equality conditions for the improved bound.Comment: 5 page
Draft genome sequence of MCPA-degrading <i>Sphingomonas </i>sp. strain ERG5, isolated from a groundwater aquifer in Denmark
Sphingomonas sp. strain ERG5 was isolated from a bacterial community, originating from a groundwater aquifer polluted with low pesticide concentrations. This bacterium degrades 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in a wide spectrum of concentrations and has been shown to function in bioaugmented sand filters. Genes associated with MCPA degradation are situated on a putative conjugative plasmid
Quantifying the Nonclassicality of Operations
Deep insight can be gained into the nature of nonclassical correlations by
studying the quantum operations that create them. Motivated by this we propose
a measure of nonclassicality of a quantum operation utilizing the relative
entropy to quantify its commutativity with the completely dephasing operation.
We show that our measure of nonclassicality is a sum of two independent
contributions, the generating power -- its ability to produce nonclassical
states out of classical ones, and the distinguishing power -- its usefulness to
a classical observer for distinguishing between classical and nonclassical
states. Each of these effects can be exploited individually in quantum
protocols. We further show that our measure leads to an interpretation of
quantum discord as the difference in superdense coding capacities between a
quantum state and the best classical state when both are produced at a source
that makes a classical error during transmission.Comment: Published version, 5 pages, 3 figures plus 4 pages of Supplementary
Materia
Bringing "The Moth" to Light: A Planet-Sculpting Scenario for the HD 61005 Debris Disk
The HD 61005 debris disk ("The Moth") stands out from the growing collection
of spatially resolved circumstellar disks by virtue of its unusual swept-back
morphology, brightness asymmetries, and dust ring offset. Despite several
suggestions for the physical mechanisms creating these features, no definitive
answer has been found. In this work, we demonstrate the plausibility of a
scenario in which the disk material is shaped dynamically by an eccentric,
inclined planet. We present new Keck NIRC2 scattered-light angular differential
imaging of the disk at 1.2-2.3 microns that further constrains its outer
morphology (projected separations of 27-135 AU). We also present complementary
Gemini Planet Imager 1.6 micron total intensity and polarized light detections
that probe down to projected separations less than 10 AU. To test our
planet-sculpting hypothesis, we employed secular perturbation theory to
construct parent body and dust distributions that informed scattered-light
models. We found that this method produced models with morphological and
photometric features similar to those seen in the data, supporting the premise
of a planet-perturbed disk. Briefly, our results indicate a disk parent body
population with a semimajor axis of 40-52 AU and an interior planet with an
eccentricity of at least 0.2. Many permutations of planet mass and semimajor
axis are allowed, ranging from an Earth mass at 35 AU to a Jupiter mass at 5
AU.Comment: Accepted to AJ; added Figure 5 and minor text edit
The driver landscape of sporadic chordoma.
Chordoma is a malignant, often incurable bone tumour showing notochordal differentiation. Here, we defined the somatic driver landscape of 104 cases of sporadic chordoma. We reveal somatic duplications of the notochordal transcription factor brachyury (T) in up to 27% of cases. These variants recapitulate the rearrangement architecture of the pathogenic germline duplications of T that underlie familial chordoma. In addition, we find potentially clinically actionable PI3K signalling mutations in 16% of cases. Intriguingly, one of the most frequently altered genes, mutated exclusively by inactivating mutation, was LYST (10%), which may represent a novel cancer gene in chordoma.Chordoma is a rare often incurable malignant bone tumour. Here, the authors investigate driver mutations of sporadic chordoma in 104 cases, revealing duplications in notochordal transcription factor brachyury (T), PI3K signalling mutations, and mutations in LYST, a potential novel cancer gene in chordoma
Quantum teleportation using active feed-forward between two Canary Islands
Quantum teleportation [1] is a quintessential prerequisite of many quantum
information processing protocols [2-4]. By using quantum teleportation, one can
circumvent the no-cloning theorem [5] and faithfully transfer unknown quantum
states to a party whose location is even unknown over arbitrary distances. Ever
since the first experimental demonstrations of quantum teleportation of
independent qubits [6] and of squeezed states [7], researchers have
progressively extended the communication distance in teleportation, usually
without active feed-forward of the classical Bell-state measurement result
which is an essential ingredient in future applications such as communication
between quantum computers. Here we report the first long-distance quantum
teleportation experiment with active feed-forward in real time. The experiment
employed two optical links, quantum and classical, over 143 km free space
between the two Canary Islands of La Palma and Tenerife. To achieve this, the
experiment had to employ novel techniques such as a frequency-uncorrelated
polarization-entangled photon pair source, ultra-low-noise single-photon
detectors, and entanglement-assisted clock synchronization. The average
teleported state fidelity was well beyond the classical limit of 2/3.
Furthermore, we confirmed the quality of the quantum teleportation procedure
(without feed-forward) by complete quantum process tomography. Our experiment
confirms the maturity and applicability of the involved technologies in
real-world scenarios, and is a milestone towards future satellite-based quantum
teleportation
Quenched Cold Accretion of a Large Scale Metal-Poor Filament due to Virial Shocking in the Halo of a Massive z=0.7 Galaxy
Using HST/COS/STIS and HIRES/Keck high-resolution spectra, we have studied a
remarkable HI absorbing complex at z=0.672 toward the quasar Q1317+277. The HI
absorption has a velocity spread of 1600 km/s, comprises 21 Voigt profile
components, and resides at an impact parameter of D=58 kpc from a bright, high
mass [log(M_vir/M_sun) ~ 13.7] elliptical galaxy that is deduced to have a 6
Gyr old, solar metallicity stellar population. Ionization models suggest the
majority of the structure is cold gas surrounding a shock heated cloud that is
kinematically adjacent to a multi-phase group of clouds with detected CIII, CIV
and OVI absorption, suggestive of a conductive interface near the shock. The
deduced metallicities are consistent with the moderate in situ enrichment
relative to the levels observed in the z ~ 3 Ly-alpha forest. We interpret the
HI complex as a metal-poor filamentary structure being shock heated as it
accretes into the halo of the galaxy. The data support the scenario of an early
formation period (z > 4) in which the galaxy was presumably fed by cold-mode
gas accretion that was later quenched via virial shocking by the hot halo such
that, by intermediate redshift, the cold filamentary accreting gas is
continuing to be disrupted by shock heating. Thus, continued filamentary
accretion is being mixed into the hot halo, indicating that the star formation
of the galaxy will likely remain quenched. To date, the galaxy and the HI
absorption complex provide some of the most compelling observational data
supporting the theoretical picture in which accretion is virial shocked in the
hot coronal halos of high mass galaxies.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Ap
- …