An analysis and comparison of multinational officers of the watch in the global maritime labor market

Officer of the watch (OOW) is an important part of the maritime labor market. For many years, countries have been improving their development of OOWs for the maritime market, in terms of both quantity and quality. As the supply of qualified OOWs for maritime transportation is such an important issue, shipping companies recruit multinational OOWs for both economic and socio-cultural reasons. This study aims to identify the qualifications of an ideal officer that holds office on commercial ships, and to make a comparison among Filipino, Chinese, Indian, Eastern European and Turkish OOWs. The research takes into account expert opinions of a number of shipping companies that employ multinational seafarers. A Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) technique is applied in this study to assist in the comparison of officers. A number of main and sub-criteria are outlined to determine both positive and negative aspects of OOWs from the selected countries for decision making purposes. This study allows maritime countries to evaluate their maritime education and training policies for selection and assessment of OOWs. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Passengers' likely behaviour based on demographic difference during an emergency evacuation in a Ro-Ro passenger ship

By examining the characteristics of passengers on a ship route between the Shandong and Liaodong Peninsula, through a questionnaire survey, this paper aims to address the likely behaviours of passengers during emergency evacuation and the demographic differences among these behaviours. A questionnaire survey of 1380 passengers shows that passengers on board are more alert and are more likely to proactively respond to evacuation alarms (62.5%), observe others’ actions (59.1%), follow evacuation instructions (67.9%), obey the crew (66.2%), queue patiently (63%), return to the cabin when their families are left behind (65.1%), and be cooperative (59%) rather than competitive (44%). The multinomial logistic regression results show that passengers who are older, with limited mobility, that have more experience aboard ships and are part of a larger group, will be more likely to proactively confirm the authenticity of evacuation events. Men, elderly individuals, people who are part of a larger group and with less experience in evacuation education are more likely to follow others. When the family is left behind, elderly individuals and people who are part of a larger group are much more likely to choose to return to their cabins. Similarly, elderly passengers with larger groups are much more likely to choose to help others. Although questionnaire research has some limitations, such as a hypothetical response and closed questions, the research results are of great significance for helping passenger ship managers to develop appropriate management rules, and conduct effective evacuation education activities

Evolutionary Game Model of Strategic Maritime Transport Passages: A Case of the Strait of Hormuz

Given the in-depth advancement of the “Belt and Road” initiative, cooperation among countries along the initiative is increasing. The strategic maritime transport passage is closely related to the interests of relevant countries. The games between countries along important transport passages in terms of the pursuit of geopolitical rights and interests occur frequently. This paper establishes an evolutionary game model of the strategic maritime transport passages taking the Strait of Hormuz as an example and explores the game of the countries on both sides of the strait. By analysing their behaviour and possible strategies, the evolutionary stable strategy for each country is obtained. Recommendations are made to aid with the relevant rights and interests of related countries

Modelling of possible tanker accident oil spills in the Istanbul Strait in order to demonstrate the dispersion and toxic effects of oil pollution

Countries located on the Black Sea coast perform most of their sea trade through the Istanbul Strait (IS). Approximately 50,000 ships pass through the IS each year, with crude oil tankers making up the majority. Thus, the aim of the study is to determine the acute toxic effect of oil pollution that may occur as a result of crude oil tanker accidents in the IS. By utilising data related to accidents that have occurred in the IS, locations of concentrated tanker accidents, or "hot spots," were determined by Kernel Density Analysis. Subsequently, the distribution of potential leaks following an oil tanker accident, within these hot spots, is modelled with GNOME software. Finally, acute toxicity caused by oil pollution in the marine ecosystem is determined by Aliivibrio fischeri luminescent bacteria toxicity test. In this research, 5 hot spots are identified, where the maximum calculated amount of oil that can reach the coastline after 72 h is 3096 metric tons. Similarly, oil pollution can affect a total coastline of 30-35 km. Furthermore, it was determined that after the oil was diluted in seawater, at a ratio of 1:200,000, the toxic effects decrease (EC50 above 100 mg/L), yet the chronic effects may still continue. The results of this study may serve as a reference for coastal state authorities to develop emergency response plans. Having this valuable knowledge of where high-risk accidents are most concentrated, where the accidents occur intensely, which areas can be affected by the pollution, the duration of the pollution effects, and the distance between the areas, will help determine the number of intervention stations to be installed, their locations, and equipment to be installed to the stations

Tuned mass damper effects on the tendon responses of a novel 10 MW multi-body floating offshore wind turbine platform

This paper presents a study on the mitigation of dynamic responses of a spar-type multi-body platform of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) under coupled wind-wave-current loadings. The multi-body floating platform was developed to support a 10 MW wind turbine under investigation. The mitigation is achieved by implementation of a structural control module based on Tuned Mass Damper (TMD). A fully-coupled tool based on AQWA and FAST is developed and used to perform numerical analysis of the FOWT. The time-varying tension of the tendons due to turbulent wind and irregular wave loadings are compared for the scenarios with and without TMD. The results indicate that tensions of the tendons are effectively reduced by the TMD. An average reduction of 11.8% on the Damage Equivalent Load (DEL) is achieved for the tendons. The alleviation on the tension fluctuation is beneficial in extending the service lifetime of the tendons

Tuned mass damper effects on the tendon responses of a novel 10 MW multi-body floating offshore wind turbine platform

This paper presents a study on the mitigation of dynamic responses of a spar-type multi-body platform of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) under coupled wind-wave-current loadings. The multi-body floating platform was developed to support a 10 MW wind turbine under investigation. The mitigation is achieved by implementation of a structural control module based on Tuned Mass Damper (TMD). A fully-coupled tool based on AQWA and FAST is developed and used to perform numerical analysis of the FOWT. The time-varying tension of the tendons due to turbulent wind and irregular wave loadings are compared for the scenarios with and without TMD. The results indicate that tensions of the tendons are effectively reduced by the TMD. An average reduction of 11.8% on the Damage Equivalent Load (DEL) is achieved for the tendons. The alleviation on the tension fluctuation is beneficial in extending the service lifetime of the tendons

Wind-wave coupling effects on the fatigue damage of tendons for a 10 MW multi-body floating wind turbine

This study investigates the wind-wave coupling effects on fatigue damage of tendons that connect multiple bodies of a novel floating platform (TELWIND) supporting a 10 MW wind turbine. An aero-hydro-servo tool is developed for dynamic analysis of a multi-body floating wind turbine (FWT) platform, by incorporating AeroDyn with AQWA through a user-defined dynamic library link (DLL) to conduct simulations of the FWT subjected to wind, wave and current loadings. The comparison against FAST has validated the accuracy of the AQWA-AeroDyn coupling framework in predicting coupled responses of the FWT. A specific site in the northern coast of Scotland is selected and design load cases are examined for the estimation of the fatigue damage of the tendons of the FWT. In the absence of wind-wave coupling, the motion differences between the two bodies of the platform are larger, leading to 43.7% enhancement in the tension fluctuation of tendons in average. Consequently, the fatigue damage of the tendons is significantly overestimated. Also, the investigation on the influence of effective simulation length on the fatigue damage shows that 90% accuracy can be achieved when 20% of the simulation analysis length is decreased

Mastering student-led research in the Maritime domain: a partnership approach to solving industry’s problems

We focus on Sustainable Development in our contemporary curriculum and strive to be recognised for capacity building through educational transformation, social mobility and research related to relevant Sustainable Development Goals. We are seeking formal recognition of this for the first time through the Times Higher Education Impact League Table, which assess universities against the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We benchmark ourselves against the best-in-class institutions for SDG outcomes such as Plymouth University (SDG 14 – Life Below Water) across four broad areas: research, stewardship, outreach and teaching. Our focus on student-centred research is a fundamental part of our aspiration to become a centre of excellence for postgraduate Logistics, Marine and Offshore education and research. Students as Partners (SaP), is a pedagogical approach that has been embraced within the subject team. Since the revalidation of the programmes in 2019, staff and students have continued working in collaboration, as partners, to improve teaching and learning experiences. Student representation on the programme is very strong, with multiple representatives per course volunteering for this role and they are actively engaged in the students’ union and the process of learning and working together. An example of this is our representation in the Maritime Masters Programme. ‘The programme promotes academic excellence amongst students and their universities, whilst providing valuable research to support the maritime sector’s work’ (Maritime UK, 2022). Two of these partnerships have resulted in peer reviewed publications. This session showcases the exceptionally high level of student-led research that has been submitted to this national competition since it started in 2018, told through the experiences of students as partners by the student researchers (now alumni) and their supervisors. Mastering student-led research in the Maritime domain: a partnership approach to solving industry’s problems PowerPoint. Only LJMU staff and students have access to this resource

Analyzing Collision, Grounding, and Sinking Accidents Occurring in the Black Sea Utilizing HFACS and Bayesian Networks.

This study examines and analyzes marine accidents that have occurred over the past 20 years in the Black Sea. Geographic information system, human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS), and Bayesian network models are used to analyze the marine accidents. The most important feature distinguishing this study from other studies is that this is the first study to analyze accidents that have occurred across the whole Black Sea. Another important feature is the application of a new HFACS structure to reveal accident formation patterns. The results of this study indicate that accidents occurred in high concentrations in coastal regions of the Black Sea, especially in the Kerch Strait, Novorossiysk, Kilyos, Constanta, Riva, and Batumi regions. The formation of grounding and sinking accidents has been found to be similar in nature; the use of inland and old vessels has been highlighted as important factors in sinking and grounding incidents. However, the sequence of events leading to collision-contact accidents differs from the sequence of events resulting in grounding and sinking accidents. This study aims to provide information to the maritime industry regarding the occurrence of maritime incidents in the Black Sea, in order to assist with reduction and prevention of the marine accidents