Хирургические методы лечения эхинококкоза печени

Curs Chirurgie, Facultatea stomatologie, USMF ”Nicolae Testemiţanu“The literature review presents an analysis of traditional methods of surgical treatment for liver hydatid cyst (ideal cystectomy, partial and full perichistectomy, typical and atypical liver resection) and laparoscopic methods (PAIR, resection of liver, partial and full perichistectomy, ideal cystectomy). For each of these methods the advantages and disadvantages are described as well as where their use is welcome and would decrease the rate of the postoperative complications. Laparoscopic surgical techniques used in the treatment of liver hydatid cyst has a high efficacy, but are relatively new, and needs a thorough study of theoretical and practical skills to use them.В обзоре литературы представлен анализ традиционных методов хирургического лечения эхинококкоза печени (идеальная кистэктомия, частичная и полная перикистэктомия, типичная и атипичная резекция печени) и лапароскопических методов (PAIR, резекция печени, идеальная кистэктомия, частичная и полная перикистэктомия). В работе отражены преимущества и недостатки различных методов хирургического лечения эхинококкоза печени, а также послеоперационные осложнения. Лапароскопические хирургические методы, используемые при лечении эхинококкоза печени, имеют высокую эффективность, но, являясь относительно новыми методами, требуют тщательного изучения теоретических и практических навыков их использования

Analysis of microstructural effects in multi layer lithium ion battery cathodes

A possible way to increase the energy density in lithium-ion batteries, and, at the same time, reduce the production costs, is to use thicker electrodes. However, transport limitations can occur in thick electrodes, leading to a drawback in performance. A way to mitigate this problem is a more sophisticated microstructure of the electrode, using, e.g., structural gradients. This can, for instance, be achieved by multi-layer casting, i.e., casting and drying of a first layer, and then adding a second layer. An important question is how the interface between the two layers is shaped and how the corresponding microstructure influences the electrochemical performance. In the present paper, two different two-layer cathodes are analyzed and compared to single-layer cathodes of the same thickness. The analysis involved tomographic imaging, a statistical analysis of the 3D microstructure of the active material particle systems with a focus on the interface between the layers, and electrochemical characterization of the active material systems using experimental measurements as well as electrochemical simulations. The analysis showed that at the interface the connectivity of active material particles decreases, which results in higher electric resistivity. This effect is stronger if an intermediate calendering step is performed, i.e., the first layer is calendered before casting the second layer

The surgical treatment of hydatid liver cyst

Republica Moldova Curs Chirurgie Generală Facultatea Stomatologie USMF “N. Testemiţanu”, Al XI-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” din Republica Moldova și cea de-a XXXIII-a Reuniune a Chirurgilor din Moldova „Iacomi-Răzeșu” 27-30 septembrie 2011Introducere: Scopul studiului este aprecierea eficacității tratamentului chirurgical şi a complicațiilor intra- şi postoperatorii ale chistului hidatic hepatic. Material şi metode: În studiu au fost incluşi 46 pacienți diagnosticați cu chist hidatic al ficatului, ce s-au aflat la tratament în secțiile de chirurgie a SCC st. Chişinău şi a SCMC în perioada 2009-2011. Din cei 46 de pacienți la 35 (76,08%) s-a efectuat tratament chirurgical tradițional: Chistectomia ideală - pentru chisturi mici necomplicate în 12 cazuri; Perichistectomia parțială cu secționarea membranei perichistice şi plombarea cavității restante cu epiploon fără drenare în 6 cazuri; Perichistectomia parțială cu drenarea cavității restante şi a spațiului subdiafragmal şi subhepatic în 13 cazuri; Rezecția atipică a ficatului în 4 cazuri. Ceilalți 11(23,92%) pacienți au fost supuşi tratamentului chirurgical laparoscopic: Chistectomia ideală celioscopică - 1 caz; Perichistectomia parțială cu secționarea membranei perichistice şi plombarea cavității restante cu epiploon fără drenare - 3 cazuri; Perichistectomia parțială cu drenarea cavității restante şi a spațiului subdiafragmal şi subhepatic - 7 cazuri. Rezultate: În cadrul studiului în urma tratamentului chirurgical tradițional, complicațiile au avut o pondere de 14,28% (supurarea lojei restante 3 cazuri, biliragie-1 caz, fistula biliară dirijată-1 caz). În urma chistectomiei ideale n-au fost semnalate complicații. După intervențiile chirurgicale laparascopice complicații au avut loc în 18,18 % cazuri (supurarea lojei restante 1 caz, biliragie-1 caz). Concluzii: În cazul localizării chistului hidatic hepatic în S VII-VIII sunt preferabile intervențiile chirurgicale tradiționale, cu sau fără drenarea cavității restante. Localizarea superficială a chistului în S II-III şi S V-VI este optimală pentru utilizarea metodei laparoscopice.Introduction: The aim of the study is the evaluation of efficacy of surgical treatment and intra - and postoperative complications of hydatid liver cyst. Materials and methods: There have been included 46 patients diagnosed with hydatid liver cyst, who were treated in the surgical departements of SCC st. Chisinau and SCMC during 2009-2011. Out of those 46 patients - in 35 (76,08%) there has been applied traditional surgical treatment: Ideal cystectomy – for small uncomplicated cysts in 12 cases; Partial pericystectomy with sectioning of pericystic membrane and narrowing of residual cyst cavity with epiploon without drainage in 6 cases; Partial pericystectomy with drainage of the residual cavity and of subdiaphragmal and subhepatic spaces in 13 cases; Atypical liver resection in 4 cases.The other 11(23,92%) patients underwent laparoscopic surgical treatment: Ideal celioscopic cystectomy - 1 case; Partial pericystectomy with sectioning of pericystic membrane and narrowing of residual cyst cavity with epiploon without drainage - 3 cases; Partial pericystectomy with drainage of the residual cavity and of subdiaphragmal and subhepatic spaces - 7 cases. Results: As a consequence of traditional surgical treatment in this study, the complications had a rate of 14,28% (suppuration of remaining cavity 3 cases, bile leakage -1 case, ultrasonically guided biliary fistula - 1 case). There have not been noted complications after ideal cystectomy. After laparoscopic surgery complications appeared in 18,18 % cases (suppuration of remaining cavity 1 case, bile leakage - 1 case). Conclusions: In case of liver hydatid cyst location in S VIIVIII traditional surgery is preferred, with or without drainage of the residual cavity. Superficial cyst location in S II-III and S V-VI is optimal for the use of the laparoscopic method

Water oxidation at hematite photoelectrodes: the role of surface states

Hematite (α-Fe2O3) constitutes one of the most promising semiconductor materials for the conversion of sunlight into chemical fuels by water splitting. Its inherent drawbacks related to the long penetration depth of light and poor charge carrier conductivity are being progressively overcome by employing nanostructuring strategies and improved catalysts. However, the physical–chemical mechanisms responsible for the photoelectrochemical performance of this material (J(V) response) are still poorly understood. In the present study we prepared thin film hematite electrodes by atomic layer deposition to study the photoelectrochemical properties of this material under water-splitting conditions. We employed impedance spectroscopy to determine the main steps involved in photocurrent production at different conditions of voltage, light intensity, and electrolyte pH. A general physical model is proposed, which includes the existence of a surface state at the semiconductor/liquid interface where holes accumulate. The strong correlation between the charging of this state with the charge transfer resistance and the photocurrent onset provides new evidence of the accumulation of holes in surface states at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface, which are responsible for water oxidation. The charging of this surface state under illumination is also related to the shift of the measured flat-band potential. These findings demonstrate the utility of impedance spectroscopy in investigations of hematite electrodes to provide key parameters of photoelectrodes with a relatively simple measurement

Postoperative outcomes in oesophagectomy with trainee involvement

BACKGROUND: The complexity of oesophageal surgery and the significant risk of morbidity necessitates that oesophagectomy is predominantly performed by a consultant surgeon, or a senior trainee under their supervision. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of trainee involvement in oesophagectomy on postoperative outcomes in an international multicentre setting. METHODS: Data from the multicentre Oesophago-Gastric Anastomosis Study Group (OGAA) cohort study were analysed, which comprised prospectively collected data from patients undergoing oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer between April 2018 and December 2018. Procedures were grouped by the level of trainee involvement, and univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to compare patient outcomes across groups. RESULTS: Of 2232 oesophagectomies from 137 centres in 41 countries, trainees were involved in 29.1 per cent of them (n = 650), performing only the abdominal phase in 230, only the chest and/or neck phases in 130, and all phases in 315 procedures. For procedures with a chest anastomosis, those with trainee involvement had similar 90-day mortality, complication and reoperation rates to consultant-performed oesophagectomies (P = 0.451, P = 0.318, and P = 0.382, respectively), while anastomotic leak rates were significantly lower in the trainee groups (P = 0.030). Procedures with a neck anastomosis had equivalent complication, anastomotic leak, and reoperation rates (P = 0.150, P = 0.430, and P = 0.632, respectively) in trainee-involved versus consultant-performed oesophagectomies, with significantly lower 90-day mortality in the trainee groups (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Trainee involvement was not found to be associated with significantly inferior postoperative outcomes for selected patients undergoing oesophagectomy. The results support continued supervised trainee involvement in oesophageal cancer surgery

Effective Techniques for Wireless Charging for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)

Unmanned aerial vehicles are devices that can operate in air without any external human interference, thus making them completely autonomous. These devices are crucial for security surveillance and various payload services. The main aim in this paper will be to discuss the scope of wireless charging for such unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) or simply speaking drones/quad copters and to come up with the ways to efficiently implement the above aim using readily available Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) modules and components.Three methods with their advantages, drawbacks and overall efficiency is considered. Method 1 will focus on implementing wireless power transmission using readily available modules like XKT-801. Method 2 will show the implementation of WPT using a Flyback transmission topology. Method 3 explores the usage of a Full bridge transmission for WPT