2,657 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
An assessment of the validity of the job analysis survey instrument used to define the content of tests used for a statewide teacher certification program.
The Philosophy of Creativity
Creativity pervades human life. It is the mark of individuality, the vehicle of self-expression, and the engine of progress in every human endeavor. It also raises a wealth of neglected and yet evocative philosophical questions: What is the role of consciousness in the creative process? How does the audience for a work for art influence its creation? How can creativity emerge through childhood pretending? Do great works of literature give us insight into human nature? Can a computer program really be creative? How do we define creativity in the first place? Is it a virtue? What is the difference between creativity in science and art? Can creativity be taught?
The new essays that comprise The Philosophy of Creativity take up these and other key questions and, in doing so, illustrate the value of interdisciplinary exchange. Written by leading philosophers and psychologists involved in studying creativity, the essays integrate philosophical insights with empirical research.
CONTENTS
I. Introduction
Introducing The Philosophy of Creativity Elliot Samuel Paul and Scott Barry Kaufman
II. The Concept of Creativity
1. An Experiential Account of Creativity Bence Nanay
III. Aesthetics & Philosophy of Art
2. Creativity and Insight Gregory Currie
3. The Creative Audience: Some Ways in which Readers, Viewers and/or Listeners Use their Imaginations to Engage Fictional Artworks Noël Carroll
4. The Products of Musical Creativity Christopher Peacocke
IV. Ethics & Value Theory
5. Performing Oneself Owen Flanagan
6. Creativity as a Virtue of Character Matthew Kieran
V. Philosophy of Mind & Cognitive Science
7. Creativity and Not So Dumb Luck Simon Blackburn
8. The Role of Imagination in Creativity Dustin Stokes
9. Creativity, Consciousness, and Free Will: Evidence from Psychology Experiments Roy F. Baumeister, Brandon J. Schmeichel, and C. Nathan DeWall
10. The Origins of Creativity Elizabeth Picciuto and Peter Carruthers
11. Creativity and Artificial Intelligence: a Contradiction in Terms? Margaret Boden
VI. Philosophy of Science
12. Hierarchies of Creative Domains: Disciplinary Constraints on Blind-Variation and Selective-Retention Dean Keith Simonton
VII. Philosophy of Education (& Education of Philosophy)
13. Educating for Creativity Berys Gaut
14. Philosophical Heuristics Alan Háje
Comparability of Functional MRI Response in Young and Old During Inhibition
When using fMRI to study age-related cognitive changes, it is important to establish the integrity of the hemodynamic response because, potentially, it can be affected by age and disease. However, there have been few attempts to document such integrity and no attempts using higher cognitive rather than perceptual or motor tasks. We used fMRI with 28 healthy young and older adults on an inhibitory control task. Although older and young adults differed in task performance and activation patterns, they had comparable hemodynamic responses. We conclude that activation during cognitive inhibition, which was predominantly increased in elders, was not due to vascular confounds or specific changes in hemodynamic coupling
Facile Protocol for Water-Tolerant “Frustrated Lewis Pair”-Catalyzed Hydrogenation
Despite rapid advances in the field of metal-free, “frustrated Lewis pair” (FLP)-catalyzed hydrogenation, the need for strictly anhydrous reaction conditions has hampered wide-scale uptake of this methodology. Herein, we report that, despite the generally perceived moisture sensitivity of FLPs, 1,4-dioxane solutions of B(C6F5)3 actually show appreciable moisture tolerance and can catalyze hydrogenation of a range of weakly basic substrates without the need for rigorously inert conditions. In particular, reactions can be performed directly in commercially available nonanhydrous solvents without subsequent drying or use of internal desiccants
Lexicographic Bit Allocation for MPEG Video
We consider the problem of allocating bits among pictures in an MPEG video coder to equalize
the visual quality of the coded pictures, while meeting bu er and channel constraints imposed by
the MPEG Video Bu ering Veri er. We address this problem within a framework that consists of
three components: 1) a bit production model for the input pictures, 2) a set of bit-rate constraints
imposed by the Video Bu ering Veri er, and 3) a novel lexicographic criterion for optimality.
Under this framework, we derive simple necessary and su cient conditions for optimality that lead
to e cient algorithms
Perfectionism and exam performance: The mediating effect of task-approach goals
Perfectionistic strivings are positively correlated with students’ achievement goals and exam performance. However, so far no study has employed a prospective design investigating whether achievement goals mediate the positive relationship between perfectionistic strivings and exam performance. In the present study, 100 university students completed a measure of self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism (Hewitt & Flett, 1991) and received a chapter from a textbook to study for 2-4 days. Then they returned to the lab to complete a measure of achievement goals following the 3 x 2 model (Elliot, Murayama, & Pekrun, 2011) and sit a mock exam testing their knowledge of the chapter. Multiple regressions showed that socially prescribed perfectionism negatively predicted exam performance when the overlap with self-oriented perfectionism was controlled for. In contrast, self-oriented perfectionism—a defining indicator of perfectionistic strivings—positively predicted exam performance. Moreover, task-approach goals mediated the positive relationship between self-oriented perfectionism and exam performance. The findings suggest that perfectionistic strivings make students adopt task-approach goals that help them achieve better results on exams
Quantum dark solitons in Bose gas confined in a hard wall box
Schr\"odinger equation for Bose gas with repulsive contact interactions in
one-dimensional space may be solved analytically with the help of the Bethe
ansatz if we impose periodic boundary conditions. It was shown that in such a
system there exist many-body eigenstates directly corresponding to dark soliton
solutions of the mean-field equation. The system is still integrable if one
switches from the periodic boundary conditions to an infinite square well
potential. The corresponding eigenstates were constructed by M. Gaudin. We
analyze weak interaction limit of Gaudin's solutions and identify
parametrization of eigenstates strictly connected with single and multiple dark
solitons. Numerical simulations of detection of particle's positions reveal
dark solitons in the weak interaction regime and their quantum nature in the
presence of strong interactions.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Recommended from our members
Recreational demand for fishing in the Yellowstone National Park Area : a travel cost model
Potential policy decisions regarding fly fishing in the Yellowstone National Park Area
could severely impact the enjoyment possibilities of many of its users. In order to
determine the magnitude of the impact, this paper applies a form of the basic travel cost
model developed by Bell and Leeworthy [JEEM. 18,189-205 (1990)] to fishing sites in
the Yellowstone National Park Area. Bell and Leeworthy have argued that consumer
demand for the time spent at a recreation site is inversely related to on-site cost per day,
and may be positively related to travel cost per trip. The paper discusses relevant
literature on the method, presents background information on the site, and generates a
demand curve for users of the resource. A consumer surplus measurement is then derived
from the resulting demand data, which gives an estimate for the value of the resource; the
consumer surplus is determined to be roughly $751.88 per day spent at the site. The
assumptions of the model are then discussed, and an assessment is made of the potential
policy implications
- …